2020届二轮复习(十七)倒装与其他特殊句式　

2020届二轮复习(十七)倒装与其他特殊句式　

‎2020届二轮复习 (十七) 倒装与其他特殊句式　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018•北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply________ (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need. ‎ 解析：press　句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形。‎ ‎2．(2017•江苏高考改编)______ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ 解析：Were　句意：如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。‎ ‎3．(2016•江苏高考改编)Not until recently ________(do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.‎ 解析：did　句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words. “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”________________‎ 解析：Turning→Turn　最后一句为祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up！”和“Slow down！”并列，故改为动词原形Turn。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)倒装 ‎1．部分倒装 ‎(1)含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。‎ Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.‎ 直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。‎ ‎(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.‎ 只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。‎ ‎(3)so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Such great progress did he make that he was praised.‎ 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。‎ ‎(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。‎ I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.‎ 上周我看了《哈利•波特》这部电影，她也看了。‎ ‎(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。‎ Strange as it may sound, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.‎ 尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的愿望的方法，而是你根本 就没有愿望。‎ ‎(6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。‎ Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home 如果明天下雨，我不得不待在家里。‎ ‎(7)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。‎ May you succeed.祝你成功。‎ ‎2．全部倒装 ‎(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。‎ John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，一个他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。‎ South of the river lies a small factory.‎ 河的南面有一个小工厂。‎ ‎(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。‎ Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.‎ 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。‎ ‎(二)感叹句 ‎1．What (＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ What beautiful flowers they are！多么美丽的花啊！‎ ‎2．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！‎ How clever a boy he is！＝What a clever boy he is!‎ 多聪明的男孩呀！‎ ‎3．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！‎ How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！‎ ‎(三)祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。一般不出现主语，谓语动词一律用原形；否定词一律在动词前加don't。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。‎ Do be careful while you are crossing the street.‎ 过马路时一定要小心。‎ Don't get close to that river.不要靠近那条河。‎ ‎(四)反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句＋反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。‎ ‎1．陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 ‎(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用needn't; 当为mustn't (不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must。‎ You must go now, needn't you？你现在必须走，不是吗？‎ You mustn't smoke here, must you?‎ 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？‎ ‎(2)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词所表示的时间来确定。‎ You must have watched the football match last night, didn't you？你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？‎ ‎2．陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usedn't或didn't均可。‎ You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?‎ 你过去常常踢足球，是吗？‎ ‎3．陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。‎ He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he?‎ 他应该参加会议，不是吗？‎ ‎4．陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句 ‎(1)当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。‎ He could hardly get up, could he?‎ 他几乎起不来了，不是吗？‎ ‎(2)陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。‎ Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?‎ 玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？‎ ‎(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。‎ He said that she would come here on time, didn't he?‎ 他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？‎ ‎[特别注意]　当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。‎ I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he?‎ 我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？‎ ‎(五)there be结构 ‎1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。‎ There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我们国家就发生了巨大的变化。‎ There must be a mistake somewhere.‎ 某个地方一定出错了。‎ ‎2．there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。‎ There seems to be an announcement about the project.‎ 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。‎ There happened to be a man walking by.‎ 碰巧有一个人路过。‎ ‎3．there be结构的常用句式 There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.　做某事没有意义。‎ There is no doubt about .../that ... 毫无疑问……‎ There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。‎ There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.‎ ‎(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。‎ There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ...‎ ‎(做)某事(没)有可能性。‎ This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，‎ 但是毫无疑问，我们使用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。‎ ‎ ‎ 语法填空解题“2步骤”‎ ‎1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。‎ ‎2．根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。‎ ‎(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数；‎ ‎(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。‎ ‎1．The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed. ‎ ‎2．Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.‎ ‎3．On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.‎ ‎4．But the fighting scenes alone don't explain the movie's success — it's also the patriotism (爱国主义) and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.‎ ‎5. The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant.‎ ‎6．—Who should be responsible for the action? ‎ ‎—The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as told (tell). ‎ ‎7．When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.‎ ‎8．We don't believe that the news is true, is (be) it?‎ 短文改错解题“1关注”‎ ‎“1关注”就是指关注各特殊句式的特点：‎ ‎(1)强调句型由“It is/was ... that/who”构成，删掉后不影响句子的完整；‎ ‎(2)倒装句分部分倒装和完全倒装；‎ ‎(3)省略句常考状语从句与不定式中的省略；‎ ‎(4)感叹句需注意其两个感叹词“how”与“what”；‎ ‎(5)there be句型中应重点关注主谓一致性。‎ ‎1．I try not to show the passersby what scared I really am, but it's not possible. what→how ‎2．How a wonderful time I'll have during the winter holiday！How→What ‎3．It is one's inner beauty matters.beauty后加that ‎4．Only then I start to appreciate the importance of developing a good habit.I前加did ‎5．When we heard the exciting news, there was silence all over the hall at first. Then come voices of shouting.come→came ‎6．Hard although he tried, he was unable to make much progress.although→though/as ‎7. Stopping criticizing your children like this, or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings.Stopping→Stop ‎8．So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. loudly后加did ‎9．I received his mother's telephone call at eleven.It was then when I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.when→that ‎10．Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.applying→applied ‎[语篇综合检测] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 Chengdu is largely considered as a city of leisure. It was the slowpaced lifestyle __1__ put the ‎ city on the list of the 21 mustgo travel spots of 2017 in the travel magazine National Geographic.‎ One of the greatest pleasures in Chengdu is __2__ (it) food, which is famous __3__ the use of Sichuan peppercorn. Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food. They enjoy __4__ (search) out small restaurants in outoftheway __5__ (place) that may just specialize in a couple of dishes. Chengdu has the __6__ (high) density of restaurants in the world. No wonder it __7__ (become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.‎ Another important part of local daily life is the city's teahouse. The teahouses, __8__ (find) all over Chengdu, are much more than just a place to drink tea. They are places to do business, meet with friends, show off pet birds, listen to Sichuan Opera, and most __9__ (important), play mahjong. As a local saying goes，“If you cannot find someone, he or she is either playing mahjong __10__ on the way to play mahjong.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个休闲城市——成都，其生活节奏比较缓慢，有许多地方特色美食以及遍布全城的各式茶馆。‎ ‎1．that　考查强调句型。所填词与句首的It was构成Is/was ... that ...的强调句，强调的是主语the slowpaced lifestyle，故填that。‎ ‎2．its　考查代词。所填词修饰名词food，作定语，故用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎3．for　考查介词。be famous for ...“以……闻名”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎4．searching　考查非谓语动词。enjoy后跟动名词作宾语，enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。‎ ‎5．places　考查名词复数。place“地方”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用复数形式。‎ ‎6．highest　考查形容词最高级。由空前的the及比较范围可知，此处应用形容词最高级。‎ ‎7．became　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in 2010可知，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．found　考查非谓语动词。the teahouses与find之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎9．importantly　考查词性转换。most importantly“最重要的是”，是固定短语。‎ ‎10．or　考查并列句。either ... or ...“或者……或者……”，是固定用法。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I was walking my dog downstairs last night. When I return home, my dog followed back with the wallet in her mouth. I took it out from her mouth and found it was full cash. It was in the wallet where I found a phone number, so immediate I dialed the number and I got in touch with a girl. We arranged that she would come to her house and pick it up. She was shocking that all the cash were still there. She thanked me for my honesty. Though she left with the money, but she returned later with some wine, chocolates and other treat to say thanks.‎ 答案：第二句：return→returned; the→a 第三句：full后加of 第四句：where→that; immediate→immediately 第五句：her→my 第六句：shocking→shocked; were→was 第八句：去掉but或but→yet; treat→treats　‎