2020届二轮复习形容词和副词

2020届二轮复习形容词和副词

‎2020届二轮复习 形容词和副词 ‎【考情分析】‎ 形容词与副词是高考语法的重要内容，也是高考考查的热点。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：‎ ‎1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。‎ ‎2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律 ‎ 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：①形容词短语作定语时；②表语形容词作定语时；③修饰复合不定代词时。‎ ‎3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词 ‎4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。‎ ‎ 5. 考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 ‎-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。‎ ‎ 6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 ‎ 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。‎ ‎7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。‎ ‎8. 考查比较等级的修饰语。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ 一、形容词副词的基本用法:‎ ‎1．形容词的位置 ‎(1)当名词中心词带有多个形容词作前置修饰语时，这些形容词可以大体按下列词序排列：1)限定词—2)一般描述性形容词—3)表示大小、长短、高低的形容词—4)表示形状的形容词—5)表示年龄、新旧的形容词—6)表示颜色的形容词—7)表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词—8)表示物质、材料的形容词—9)表示用途、类别的形容词—10)名词中心词。如：‎ ‎①It is a charming small round old brown French oak writing desk.‎ 这是一张漂亮的古式棕色法国橡木小圆写字台。‎ ‎②Yesterday my uncle bought a beautiful large green Chinese carpet.‎ 昨天我叔叔买了一张漂亮的中国大型绿色地毯。‎ ‎③Four brilliant young American engineers live here.‎ 有四个杰出的美国年轻工程师住在这儿。‎ 但在实际应用中，一个名词词组既不可能带有这么多前置修饰语,也不可能都如此刻板地排列。‎ ‎(2)形容词一般放在被修饰的名词前面作定语，但考生特别要注意形容词放在被修饰词后面的情况：‎ ‎①这些形容词，如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面。‎ The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.‎ 仍在睡着的那婴儿可能很快会醒的。‎ ‎②形容词在修饰somebody，something，anybody，anything，nobody，nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。如：‎ ‎—Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.‎ ‎“鲍勃，有什么不对吗？你看上去闷闷不乐的。”‎ ‎—Oh，nothing much.In fact，I was just thinking of my friends.‎ ‎“噢，没什么，其实我在想念我的朋友。”‎ ‎③形容词后面有介词短语时，必须放在名词后面。‎ He is a student worthy of praise.‎ 他是个值得赞扬的学生。‎ ‎④形容词后面有动词不定式时，必须放在名词后面。‎ Isn’t it a problem difficult to solve?‎ 这难道不是一个很难解决的问题吗？‎ ‎2．形容词作状语 ‎ 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。 如：‎ After a long journey，the three of them got back home，hungry and tired. ‎ 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。 ‎ He lay in bed，wide awake.他躺在床上醒着。 ‎ ‎3．副词的位置 ‎ 副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。‎ ‎ Although she did not know Boston well，she made her way easily enough to the post office. ‎ 虽然她对波士顿不熟，但她仍然很轻松地到了邮局。‎ ‎4.can not/never 与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”‎ ‎ —I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.‎ ‎ “我在街上正独自骑行，突然一辆轿车切进来把我撞倒了。 ”‎ ‎—You can never be too careful in the street. ‎ ‎“在大街上你再小心也不为过。 ”‎ ‎5．副词的排列顺序 ‎(1)时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。‎ ‎(2)方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。‎ Please write slowly and carefully.请慢慢地、清晰地写字。‎ ‎(3)多个不同副词排列：程度＋地点＋方式＋时间副词。‎ I don’t know him well enough.我不太熟悉他。‎ There is enough food for everyone to eat. 有足够的食物供每个人吃。‎ There is food enough for everyone to eat.‎ ‎【专家提醒】‎ 副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。‎ ‎6．兼有两种形式的副词 ‎(1)close与closely: close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”。‎ ‎(2)late与lately: late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。‎ ‎(3)deep与deeply: deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。‎ ‎(4)high与highly: high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。‎ ‎(5)wide与widely: wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，‎ ‎“在许多地方”。‎ ‎(6)free与freely: free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”‎ 考点二：形容词、副词的比较等级 解答比较等级这类题目时考生一定要善于判断比较的对象或范围：如果没有比较的对象或范围就用原级；如果是两者或两方面之间的比较就用比较级；如果是三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较那就用最高级。‎ 1． 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构 :‎ The ＋ 比较级 ＋ 句子， the ＋ 比较级 ＋ 句子和 比较级＋ and ＋ 比较级。‎ 前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越(怎么样就)越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”不要求词性一定相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定；后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”则要求词性相同。如：‎ The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. ‎ 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。‎ The more we have, the more we want.人欲无穷。‎ When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder.‎ 冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。‎ He became less and less satisfied with the football team’s performance. ‎ 他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。‎ ‎2．比较级与否定词连用可表示最高级之意。如：‎ I have never seen a better film than the one I saw last night.‎ 我从来没有看过比昨天晚上那部更好的电影。‎ ‎—Shall we have a short rest?“我们可不可以休息一会儿？”‎ ‎—I can’t agree any more.“非常同意。”‎ ‎3．as＋形容词或副词原级＋as像……一样………‎ 在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as…‎ He cannot run so/as fast as you.他跑得不如你快。‎ ‎【专家提醒】‎ 当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as ＋形容词＋ a(an) ＋单数名词； as ＋ many/much ＋名词 This is as good an example as the other is.这是一个和另一个一样好的例子。‎ ‎4．可修饰比较级的程度副词 ‎(1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。‎ ‎(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。‎ ‎(3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。‎ ‎5．than构成的习语 ‎(1) more B than A　A不如说B ‎(2) no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多 no less… than…与……一样……‎ ‎(3)more than　，非常 ‎(4)rather than 而不是 ‎(5)other than 除……外。‎ 首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：‎ not more...than＝不如……‎ no more...than＝和……一样不 (否定两者)‎ not less...than＝不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)‎ no less...than＝和……一样 (肯定两者)‎ 比较以下各句的意思：‎ You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。‎ You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。‎ You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。‎ You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。‎ You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(‎ 你不如他粗心)。‎ You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、倍数表示法 ‎ (1)……倍数＋形容词(或副词)的比较级＋than。如：‎ ‎①This rope is twice longer than that one.‎ 这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)‎ ‎②This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. ‎ 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)‎ ‎(2)……倍数＋as＋形容词(或 much)或副词＋as。如：‎ ‎①This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.‎ 这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)‎ ‎②The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.‎ 那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍)‎ ‎(3)……倍数＋the size(length，height...)of。如：‎ ‎①This street is four times the length of that street.‎ 这条街是那条街的四倍长。‎ ‎②This hill is four times the height of that small one.‎ 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)‎ 也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small ‎ one.‎ ‎【考点例析】‎ ‎1. Bicycling is good exercise;_____, it does not pollute the air.【2012年，湖南卷】‎ A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore ‎1.D 本题考查副词. 根据句意:骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式,而且又不会造成大气污染. Nevertheless “尽管如此”;besides “而且”;otherwise“否则”；therefore“所以”，故正确答案为B。‎ ‎2. We used to see each other______, but I haven’t heard from him since last year.【2012年，辽宁卷】‎ A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately ‎2. B 本题考查副词。句意：我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信。A项“尤其；特别”；B项“定期地，经常地”；C项“特别，尤其”；D项“近似地，大约”，故正确答案为B 。‎ ‎3.The hotel is almost finished, but it _____needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.【2012年，四川卷】‎ A. only B. also C. even D. still ‎3. D 本题考查副词用法。根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”故D为正确答案。 ‎ ‎4. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.【2012北京卷】‎ A. some B. less C. much D. more ‎4. D。本题考查形容词比较级。根据句意即刻判断，该句应使用much 的比较级是more,故正确答案为Ｄ。‎ ‎5.Next to biology , I like physics ________.【2012全国II】‎ A. better B. best C. the better D. very well ‎5. B 本题考查副词的最高级。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。此处best是副词的最高级，修饰动词like。‎ 故正确答案为B。‎ ‎6.The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview. 【2012天津卷】‎ A. important B. spare C. public D. convenient ‎6. D 本题考查形容词。句意：这位秘书安排适当的时间和地点让求职者进行面试。根据句意，D为最佳选项。‎ ‎7.The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.【2012天津卷】‎ A．Besides. B. However C. Therefore D. Instead.‎ ‎7.B 本题考查副词。句意：这只狗或许是这位老人的伙伴，然而（对老人来说）带它出去散步或许又成了不利因素。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎8. This restaurant wasn't that other restaurant we went to. 【2012全国新课程】‎ ‎ A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as ‎8. A 本题考查倍数表达法。句意：这家饭店不及我们去过另一家的一半好。在as…as…句型中，倍数放在第一个as的前面，故A正确。‎ ‎9. Be______ ---you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time.【2012年山东卷】 ‎ ‎9. A 本题考查形容词。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。‎ 此处confident信心；creative有创造力的；grateful感激的；reasonable有道理的。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎10. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be respected. 【2012福建卷】‎ A. especially B. equally C. naturally D. normally ‎10.B本题考查副词辨析。 句意：无论是官员还是公共汽车司机，都应该平等的被尊敬。equally“平等地，公平地”；especially“‎ 尤其地”；naturally“自然地”；normally“正常地”，只有B项符合题意。‎ ‎11. — Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? ‎ ‎ — Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still ____.【2012福建卷】‎ ‎ A. available B. affordable C. acceptable D. valuable ‎11.A本题考查形容词辨析。根据前半句“我刚刚还给图书馆”和下半句中的still可知这本书或许还可得到的用available，而其它三项 affordable“支付的起的”；acceptable “可接受的”；valuable“贵重的”均与题意不符。‎ ‎12. Mike was usually so careful, ______this time he made a small mistake. 【2012浙江卷】‎ A. yet B. still C. even D. thus ‎12.A 本题考查副词。句意：麦克通常很认真的，然而（yet）这次他犯了个小错误。Still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎13.The research lacks _____evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. 【2012浙江卷】‎ A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential ‎13. A 本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid ‎ evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎14.Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often to be richest woman in the world____, her personal wealth seems rather small. 【2012安徽卷】‎ A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether ‎14.C。 本题考查副词。前面说她富有，后面说她个人财富相当少。应为转折关系“然而”；故C为正确答案。‎ ‎15. Interest is as______to learning as the ability to understand , even more so. 【2012安徽卷】‎ ‎ A. vital B. available C. specific D. Similar ‎15. A 本题考查形容词。Be vital to 表示：对.....极端重要；something be available to somebody表示某人可以得到某物；答案specific 不能与to 搭配；D 答案 similar to 表示：与.....相似。本题可以把定于to understand 省掉，也可以把后面的even more so省掉或还原。依据题意，A为正确答案。‎ ‎【方法技巧】‎ ‎1.‎ 对于形容词和副词，学生首先应该掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。‎ ‎2.熟记这些半系动词sound，taste，smell，look，feel，seem，appear，stand，fall，remain，keep，get，grow，become，turn等后面常跟形容词作表语。‎ ‎3.掌握名词前多个形容词的顺序问题，一般表主观形容词，如新旧大小长短是否漂亮这些形容词在前，表客观形容词，如颜色材料质地本质形容词在后面。如an old small red paper packet 一个旧的红色的小纸包。记忆口诀“限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老。 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。”‎ ‎4. 熟练掌握倍数表达法。‎ ‎【专题训练】‎ ‎1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.‎ A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best ‎ ‎2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays. ‎ A. the best B. more C. better D. the most ‎3. The plane flew smoothly ______ in the sky and people spoke ______ of the experienced pilot. ‎ A. high；high           B. highly；highly C.‎ ‎ high；highly             D. highly；high ‎4. —— What do you think of the concert?—— Oh, it was______success.‎ A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really ‎5. I haven’t seen______ this since I collected stamps.‎ A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp a ‎6.The task is too much for me, so I can’t carry on ______any longer. I must get some help.‎ A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely ‎7. Have your working conditions improved?‎ ‎---No, ______than before, I’m afraid.‎ A. no better B.a little batter C.not worse D.no worse ‎8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, ______, after an absence of two weeks.‎ A. felt tired and sound B. tiring and soundly C. feeling tired but soundly D. tired but sound ‎9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go______,‎ ‎ you know.‎ A. hand in hand B. step by step C. from time ti time D. one after another ‎10. How are you getting on with your classmates?‎ ‎——______. I’ve got to know them all.‎ A. Far better B. Much pleased C. Very comfortable D. Very good ‎11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.‎ A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially ‎12. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. ‎ A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as ‎13．—Jim, are you ______this Saturday?‎ ‎—Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop ______the bank on Saturday.‎ A．convenient; and B．convenient; as well as C．available; with D．available; as well as ‎14.This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water ______from pollution.‎ A. free B. empty C. loose D. short ‎15．—How is your father?‎ ‎—He’s fine. He’s ______to play tennis every Sunday.‎ A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active ‎16.—Which team is________to win the game?‎ ‎—I don’t know, but I’ve found________for ours to win.‎ ‎ A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly ‎ 17. He didn’t understand the ________question, so there was a________expression on his face.‎ A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling ‎18. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood________to her mother. ‎ A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing ‎19．I can’t give you an answer right now. I’d like________more time to consider my decision.‎ A．still B．fairly C．quite D．a lot ‎20. I spent ________time doing the job, but I didn’t do any better than he.‎ A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1-5ACCBA 6-10CADAA 11-15DDDAC 16-20BAAAD 山东省鄄城县第二中学（274600） 潘庆锋