【英语】2020届二轮复习定语从句讲解学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习定语从句讲解学案

‎2020届二轮复习 定语从句讲解学案 ‎　　定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。‎ ‎　　被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。‎ ‎　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。‎ ‎　　关系副词有：when, where, why, how。‎ ‎　　关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。‎ ‎　　定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。‎ ‎　　定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎　　1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎　　1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：‎ ‎　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)‎ ‎　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)‎ ‎　　2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如：‎ ‎　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.‎ ‎　　3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：‎ ‎　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)‎ ‎　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)‎ ‎　　关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：‎ ‎　　不用that的情况：‎ ‎　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 ‎　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.‎ ‎　　b) 介词后不能用 ‎　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.‎ ‎　　c) 多用who 的情况 ‎　　①关系代词在从句中做主语 ‎　　A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.‎ ‎　　②先行词为those, people 时 ‎　　Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.‎ ‎　　③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时 ‎　　One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.‎ ‎　　④在There be句型中 ‎　　There is a stranger who wants to see you.‎ ‎　　⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 ‎　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.‎ ‎　　⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。‎ ‎　　The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.‎ ‎　　There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.‎ ‎　　2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 ‎　　a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。‎ ‎　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.‎ ‎　　Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.‎ ‎　　b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。‎ ‎　　He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.‎ ‎　　c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。‎ ‎　　The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.‎ ‎　　d)先行词既有人，又有物时。‎ ‎　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.‎ ‎　　e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。‎ ‎　　Who is the person that is standing at the gate.‎ ‎　　f)关系代词在从句中做表语 ‎　　He is not the man that he used to be.‎ ‎　　2 、关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。‎ ‎　　关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：‎ ‎　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.‎ ‎　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.‎ ‎　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?‎ ‎　　I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.‎ ‎　　注意：‎ ‎　　①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。‎ ‎　　如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.‎ ‎　　②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。‎ ‎　　Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?‎ ‎　　3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句 ‎　　She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.‎ ‎　　There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.‎ ‎　　There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.‎ ‎　　4、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别 ‎　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。‎ ‎　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.‎ ‎　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.‎ ‎　　as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。‎ ‎　　As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.‎ ‎　　用法区别：‎ ‎　　(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。‎ ‎　　As we all know, he never smokes.‎ ‎　　(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。‎ ‎　　(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。‎ ‎　　She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.‎ ‎　　(4)As 的用法 the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。‎ ‎　　I should like to use the same tool as is used here.‎ ‎　　We should have such a dictionary as he is using.‎ ‎　　定语从句语法专项练习习题精选 ‎　　用适当的关系词填空：‎ ‎　　1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.‎ ‎　　2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.‎ ‎　　3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.‎ ‎　　4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.‎ ‎　　5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.‎ ‎　　6. This is the school ______I used to study.‎ ‎　　7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?‎ ‎　　8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?‎ ‎　　9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?‎ ‎　　10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?‎ ‎　　11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.‎ ‎　　12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.‎ ‎　　13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.‎ ‎　　14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.‎ ‎　　15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.‎ ‎　　16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.‎ ‎　　17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.‎ ‎　　18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.‎ ‎　　19. This is the way____he did it.‎ ‎　　20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?‎ ‎　　21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?‎ ‎　　22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?‎ ‎　　23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.‎ ‎　　24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.‎ ‎　　25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.‎ ‎　　26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.‎ ‎　　27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.‎ ‎　　28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.‎ ‎　　29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.‎ ‎　　30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.‎ ‎　　KEYS:‎ ‎　　1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that ‎　　6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where ‎　　11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that ‎　　16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that ‎　　21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose ‎　　26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where