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【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词:用首字母浓缩法助记有相同用法的几类动词学案(3页)
2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词:用首字母浓缩法助记有相同用法的几类动词 一、要求接动名词而不能接不定式作宾语的动词 说明: 这类动词常见的有:miss错过,risk, put off, fancy真想不到,stand忍受,be used to 习惯于,look forward to, allow, can’t help 情不自禁, keep(on), mind介意, imagine, succeed in, stop, excuse原谅,delay, advise建议,be worth, admit,give up, object to反对,finish, practice练习,insist on, suggest建议,avoid, be busy, enjoy, escape逃避,feel like想要。 这些动词或短语的第一个字母恰好组成了一句有趣的话:Mr. P. F. S. Black missed a bag of Pisa beef. P. F. S.布莱克先生丢失了一袋比萨市生产的牛肉。 用法举例 We only just missed having a serious accident. 我们险些出了严重事故。 We’ve been advised not to risk travelling in these conditions.我们受到忠告,在这些情况下不要冒险出行。 She keeps putting off going to the dentist. 她老是拖延着不去看牙病。 Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了! Sorry, but I don’t fancy going out tonight.对不起,今天我想外出。 He can’t stand being kept waiting. 让他等着, 他可不干。 The pupils in our school enjoy reading after lunch, most of them seated on the grass unless it rains.我们学校的学生喜欢在午饭后读书,除非天下雨,他们大多数都是坐在草上。 He was lucky to escape being punished.他幸运地逃避了惩罚。 I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.我真的喜欢有时间和你一起在这美好的岛上放松。 The engineer succeeded in working out the difficult problem. 这位工程师成功地解决了这个难题。 二、表示“本想做某事而实际却未做”的八个动词 说明: 用过去完成时接不定式,或者用过去式接不定式完成式表示“本想做某事而实际却未做”的八个动词是:wish, intend, think, hope;suppose, plan, expect, mean等。 用这八个词的首字母可浓缩为“with spem”(有软件过程工程元模型)。 用法举例 I had hoped to help you (=hoped to have helped you), but I was too busy.我本来想帮助你的,不过我太忙了。 He had wished to reach the unit by nine o'clock, but in vain.他本来希望在九点前到达单位的,不过没有赶到。 He had expected to achieve his goal, but in fact he didn't. 他本来预料会实现自己的目标的,但是事实上没有。 She had planned to finish the task this morning, but something else prevented her.她本来计划今天上午完成这项任务,但是其他事阻止了她。 三、后接动名词或接不定式作宾语其义不同的动词 说明: 最常见的有remember(记住),,forget(忘记),regret(遗憾)三个动词。后接doing时表示的动作是发生在谓语动词之前,接to do时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后。 这三个词的首字母为rfr(记住忘记遗憾),因为遗憾的东西不好,所以应该忘记掉。 用法举例 I remember posting(=having posted) a letter yesterday.我记得寄了一封信。 Please remember to post this letter.请记得去寄这封信。 Mike regretted not following my advice.麦克很后悔没有听从我的建议。 I regret to tell you that I have to leave for Beijing. 我很遗憾地告诉你,我不得不动身前往北京。 四、否定前移的六个常用动词 说明: 英语中believe, imagine, guess, expect, suppose, think等动词的一般现在时,其主语是第一人称(I或we)时,后面如果接否定意义的宾语从句,否定词要移到主句谓语动词的前面,这一现象在英语语法中被称为否定前移。 将这六个动词的首字母连接起来,就成为biggest(其中1个g是单词拼写的需要所加)。 用法举例 I don't think that you are right. 我认为你不对。 We don't believe that he will lie to us,will he? 我们相信他不会向我们说谎的,对吗? We don't suppose that it will rain tomorrow. 我们认为明天不会下雨。 I don't guess that he will come to the party tomorrow.我认为他明天不会来参加聚会。 五、接动名词作宾语,又接不定式作宾补的动词 说明: 要求接动名词作宾语,又接不定式作宾补的动词有以下七个:permit/ prefer,encourage,advise, forbid, allow, require等。 可用其首字母浓缩为peafar(批发),利用谐音“批发”,与“零售”相对。 用法举例 We encourage working hard. 我们鼓励努力学习。 We encourage our students to work hard.我们鼓励学生努力学习。 I prefer your coming here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来这里。 I prefer you to come here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来这里。 I advise holding a class meeting. 我建议我们开个班会。 I advise us to hold a class meeting. 我建议我们开个班会。 The teacher required the students’ studying diligently. 老师要求学生们勤奋学习。 The teacher required the students to study diligently. 老师要求学生们勤奋学习。 As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed to go into the sports club. 因杰克会员卡遗落在家里,所以他不被允许进入该运动俱乐部。 六、其从句谓语动词要用“(should)+动词原形”的动词 说明: 在英语中,表示“坚持、要/请求、命令或建议”等的动词,其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。这类动词有: insist, demand, request / require / recommend, order, propose, command, advise, propose, suggest等。 可用其首字母浓缩为“I Drop Caps”(我扔帽子)。 用法举例 He commanded that we (should) set out immediately. 他命令我们马上出发。 Rose advised that I (should) accept the job. 罗丝建议我接受这份工作。 The boss demanded that we (should) have extra work tonight. 老板要求我们今天晚上加班。 My friend recommended that I (should) accept the offer provided by the company. 我的朋友建议我接受该公司提供的这份工作。 She insisted that they (should) set off earlier than usual.她坚持他们比往常早点儿出发。 比较:She insisted that she hadn't stolen the wallet. 她坚决认为她没有偷那钱夹。 I suggest that we (should) consider it carefully.我建议我们仔细考虑这件事。 比较:The smile on his face suggested that he was very happy to help us.他脸上的笑容表明他非常乐意帮助我们。 小结 总之,首字母浓缩法把要记忆的素材浓缩成了最简单的记忆信息,减少记忆“板块”,自然而然地提高了高考英语单词的记忆效率。查看更多