英语卷·2017届江苏省中华中学、溧水高级中学、省句中、省扬中、镇江一中、省镇中高三下学期六校联考试（2017-02）

英语卷·2017届江苏省中华中学、溧水高级中学、省句中、省扬中、镇江一中、省镇中高三下学期六校联考试（2017-02）

‎2017届高三第二学期期初六校联考英语试卷 注意：本试卷分第1卷（选择题）和第2卷（非选择题）两部分。两部分答案都 做在答题纸上。总分为120分。考试时间120分钟。‎ 第1卷（选择题 共85分）‎ 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分)‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. What will the woman do?‎ A. Watch a video. B. Fix a machine. C. Show something to the man ‎2. Which restaurant will the speakers probably go to?‎ A. Mario’s. B. Luigi’s. C. Gino’s.‎ ‎3. What does the man want to do tonight?‎ ‎ A. Watch football on TV. B. Buy some books. C. Go to a basketball game.‎ ‎4. Who might Mary be?‎ ‎ A. The woman’s dog. B. The man’s daughter. C. The man’s neighbor.‎ ‎5. What is the woman doing?‎ A. Working. B. Apologizing. C. Expressing her thanks.‎ 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白，每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。‎ ‎6. What is the man doing at the start of the conversation?‎ ‎ A. Talking on the phone. B. Typing a text message. C. Writing an e-mail.‎ ‎7. What will the man do tomorrow?‎ A. Take a ski trip. B. Separate with the woman. C. Attend an important meeting.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. Why didn’t the young man show his driver’s license?‎ A. He didn’t drive there. B. He left it at home. C. He doesn’t have one.‎ ‎9. What do we know about the man?‎ ‎ A. He serves in the army. B. He is a student. C. He doesn’t have any money.‎ ‎10. What will the man probably do next?‎ A. Go home. B. Call his mother for help. C. Open a new account.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. How does the woman probably feel?‎ A. She feels that the man is strange. B. She feels embarrassed. C. She feels excited.‎ ‎12. What will happen after the man makes the phone call?‎ A. He will be sent an e-mail.‎ B. He will receive some money.‎ C. He will be given more information.‎ ‎13. What will the man do next?‎ A. Leave for the bathroom. B. Go on a train. C. Change seats. ‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。‎ ‎14. How does the woman describe Eleanor Roosevelt?‎ A. Independent B. Humorous. C. Shy.‎ ‎15. How long should the woman’s report be?‎ A. Five pages long. B. Ten pages long. C. Twenty pages long.‎ ‎16. What is the man’s advice?‎ A. Include all the facts. B. Choose only well-known facts. C. Select the main facts.‎ ‎17. Where is the man’s computer?‎ A. In his classroom. B. In his roommate’s room. C. In the woman’s apartment.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。‎ ‎18. What does the man need help with?‎ A. The planting. B. The harvest. C. The building.‎ ‎19. What did the owner of the horse agree to do?‎ A. Give the man a discount.‎ B. Let the man try out the animal.‎ C. Give the man the best horse.‎ ‎20. What happened in the end?‎ A. The man sent the horse back.‎ B. The man began to like the horse.‎ C. The man got the horse as a gift.‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎21. As to cooperation, Chairman Xi Jinping stressed that we should replace the “winner-take–all” thought with an all-win ________.‎ ‎ A. debate B. issue C. approach D. worry （1） Heading out on the waters in search of whales is a routine he does, and ________ that, as he hopes, won’t be lost if whale-watching goes the way of so many mass tourism ‎ attractions.‎ （1） which B. one C. it D. that （1） The Central government attached great importance to scientific innovations, made a series of major policies and adopted a number of plans ________.‎ （3） in this honor B. on the behalf C. in this regard D. on the event （2） Over the past five years, the Chinese government ________ addressing PM2.5, which is the most critical pollutant for public health.‎ A. have focused on B. has been focused on ‎ C. have been focusing on D. has been focusing on ‎25. Regulating the use of guns by the police will not only guide police officers to properly ________ their powers, it will also prevent any abuse of a police officer’s right to use a gun. ‎ ‎ A. exercise B. achieve C. twist D. swallow ‎26. Titled Pain, the book contains 51 poems, ________ written in the past three years, Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.‎ ‎ A. most of which B. most of them C. most of what D. most of it ‎27. A number of questions ________ by parents at the meeting, but the school leaders could not ______any proper answer.‎ ‎ A. came out; end up with B. came up; come up with ‎ C. put up; come up with D. put forward; come down with ‎28. ----Do you live in the neighborhood near Nanjing Road?‎ ‎ ----No. I ________ there these days to visit my uncle.‎ ‎ A. have stayed B. would stay C. had stayed D. am staying ‎29. Although a gorilla won’t talk, ________ it can use body language to answer back and forth. It is the same with the way the other animals communicate.‎ ‎ A. moreover B. nevertheless C. somehow D. therefore ‎30. Small and distant from cities ________ my hometown is, there is always something different to catch your eyes.‎ ‎ A. though B. even if C. however D. while ‎31. During its course of development, the theoretical base of TCM covered more ground and its remedies against various diseases expanded, ________ unique characteristics.‎ A. to display B. displaying C. having displayed D. displayed ‎32. I think ________ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed.‎ ‎ A. which; that B. that; that C. what; that D. that; what ‎33. It is not worth it to waste our energy worrying about things that are beyond our control, just like that I cannot control whether or not I ________ getting the disease swine flu, for example.‎ ‎ A. wind up B. take up C. set down D. come down ‎34. ______ the destruction of the old temple that we have to take immediate measures to deal with ‎ it.‎ ‎ A. So is the severity of B. However severe is ‎ C. As severe is D. Such is the severity of ‎35. ----Have you got any paper on you?‎ ‎ ----________, but I have none at all.‎ A. I mean it B. I wouldn’t say no C. I beg to differ D. I hate to say this ‎ 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。‎ Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion—like stress, anger, or 36 . What was going through your 37 as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered (混乱的) with thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to 38 ?‎ The next time you find yourself in the 39 of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute. While you’re sitting there, 40 immerse yourself in the negative emotion.‎ Allow that emotion to 41 you. Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion. Don’t 42 yourself here. Take the entire minute—but only one minute—to do 43 else but feel that emotion.‎ When the minute is over, ask yourself, “Am I willing to keep 44 to this negative emotion 45 I go through the rest of the day?”‎ Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really 46 it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion 47 rather quickly.‎ This exercise seems simple—almost too simple. 48 , it is very effective. By allowing that negative emotion the 49 to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion 50 stuffing it down and trying not to feel it. You are actually 51 the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs. When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it 52 its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task.‎ Try it. Keep a piece of paper with you that says the following: 53 . Immerse for one minute. Do I want to keep this negativity? Breathe deeply, exhale, release. Move on! This will 54 you of the steps to the process. Remember; take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you’ve felt it 55 , release it—really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really want to do!‎ ‎36. A. sadness B. frustration C. regret D. sorrow ‎37. A. heart B. thought C. mind D. body ‎38. A. move B. survive C. talk D. think ‎39. A. beginning B. end C. middle D. start ‎40. A. completely B. immediately C. hardly D. never ‎41. A. destroy B. torture C. consume D. escape ‎42. A. abandon B. cheat C. blame D. doubt ‎43. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing ‎44. A. holding on B. giving in C. looking forward D. adding up ‎45. A. till B. as C. before D. once ‎46. A. defeat B. fight C. feel D. forget ‎47. A. clears B. escapes C. releases D. runs ‎48. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However ‎49. A. space B. reason C. chance D. time ‎50. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than ‎51. A. adding to B. taking away C. subjecting to D. objecting to ‎52. A. gains B. takes C. keeps D. loses ‎ ‎53. A. Calm B. Relax C. Wait D. Stop ‎54. A. inform B. warn C. convince D. remind ‎55. A. already B. enough C. gone D. long 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。‎ A The tree people in the Lord of the Rings—the Ents—can get around by walking. But for real trees, well, it's harder to uproot. "Because it's a sessile organism, literally, rooted into the ground, it is unable to leave and go elsewhere." Mario Pesendorfer, a behavioral ecologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. "When a tree first starts growing in a certain area, it's likely that the climatic envelope, so the temperature, humidity, soil composition and so on suits it, because it would otherwise be unable to grow from a seedling. But as it ages, these conditions may change and the area around it may no longer be suitable for its offspring."‎ And if that happens? Walnuts, hazelnuts, chestnuts, oaks, pines—many rely exclusively on so-called "scatter-hoarders," like birds, to move their hefty seeds to new locales. "Many members of the family Corvidae—the crows, jays and magpies—are scatter-hoarders, meaning they like to store food for the winter, which they then subsequently retrieve."‎ Or not. And when they do forget something, a seedling has a chance to grow, sometimes a good distance away. "The Clark's nutcracker, which is found in alpine regions of western North America, is definitely the rock star among the scatter-hoarding corvids. They hide up to 100,000 seeds per year, up to 30 kilometers away from the seed source, and have a very close symbiotic relationship with several pine species, most notably the whitebark pine.”‎ Pesendorfer and his colleagues catalogue the seed-scattering activities of the Clark's nutcracker and its cousins in a new review paper, in the journal The Condor: Ornithological Applications. They also write that, as trees outgrow their ideal habitats in the face of climate change, or battle new insects and disease, these flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help replanting trees. It's a solution, Pesendorfer says, that's good for us—getting birds to do the work is cheap and effective— and it could give vulnerable oaks and pines the option to truly "make like a tree and leave."‎ ‎56. According to the article, what makes birds help trees move from one place to another? ________.‎ A. They want to make the environment better for survival B. They want to change the trees into another kind C. They want to store the nuts for winter survival D. They are forced to help trees to survive ‎57. Which does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean? ________.‎ A. growing in a better way B. being forced to give up C .making changes to D. finding a mysterious way to survive ‎58. What is the best title of this passage? ________.‎ A. Birds may help trees cope with climate change B. Birds rely on nuts to survive C. Trees help fight air pollution D. Birds make trees in danger B ‎ One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro." By the late 1960s, that term was overtaken by "Black." And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to welcome. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.‎ A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American."‎ But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans," researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result, "Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.‎ The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial discriminations permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a CV, it appears, can tap into recruiters'(招聘人员)discriminations. A job application might mention affiliations（关系） with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.‎ In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black." With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams' salary, professional standing, and educational background.‎ The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.‎ Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American," though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois' original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts."‎ ‎59. We can conclude from Erika Hall's findings that________.‎ ‎  A. Racial discriminations are widespread in the professional world ‎  B. Many applicants don't attend to details on their CVs ‎  C. Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations D. Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases ‎60. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A. Jesse Jackson embraced the term “African American” because it is free from discrimination.‎ B. The naming of any ethnic (种族) group is political sensitive.‎ C. Before the study conducted by Erika Hall, researchers had identified the causes of the gap in ‎ perception of racial discrimination.‎ D. A man identified as “African American” is thought of as more capable than he is identified as “Black”.‎ ‎61. Erika Hall’s experiment about a man with the last name Williams indicates that ________.‎ A. African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups ‎ B. Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low C. People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled D. One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background ‎62. From the underlined sentences in the last paragraph, we can know that Dr. Du Bois' hope is ________.‎ A. All Americans enjoy equal rights ‎  B. A person is judged by their worth ‎  C. A new term is created to address African Americans D. All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress C Garlic is one of the most common cooking ingredients around the world. Many dishes in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas use this strong-flavored vegetable.‎ Garlic is similar to other bulb-shaped plants, including onions, chives, leeks and scallions. But garlic is special. For centuries, people have used garlic not only for cooking, but also for medicine.‎ Medicinal garlic throughout time.‎ Researchers at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University studied the medicinal use of garlic throughout history. They found references to garlic in ancient texts from Egypt, Greece, Rome, China and India.‎ For example, in ancient Greece and Rome, people considered garlic an aid to strength and endurance.‎ The original Olympic athletes in Greece ate garlic to improve their performance. The ancient Romans fed garlic to the soldiers and sailors.‎ Workers who built the pyramids in Egypt ate garlic. In fact, this is a theme throughout early history -- workers eating garlic to increase their strength.‎ Some researchers in China have gone so far as to call hydrogen sulfide the key to a longer life.‎ ‎__________________!‎ In a 2007 study, researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham studied how garlic increased hydrogen sulfide and how that, in turn, affected red blood cells.‎ David Kraus led that study.‎ In 2013, scientists were finally able to see this process happen. Chemists Alexander Lippert of Southern Methodist University in Dallas and Vivian S. Lin discovered how to observe this process in living human cells.‎ Their discovery has opened the door to more research into the health benefits of garlic and the production of hydrogen sulfide in the body.‎ In a 2015 experiment at Penn State University, researchers injected a solution that would create hydrogen sulfide in the arms of healthy young adults. They wanted to see what hydrogen sulfide would do to a small area of blood vessels.‎ The initial findings are that hydrogen sulfide widened blood vessels, which then increased the flow of blood. These researchers plan to continue their research. They published their findings in The Journal of Physiology.‎ Older garlic may be even healthier.‎ But let’s leave the laboratory and go to the kitchen. Don’t throw out older garlic that has sprouted. You may have thought that garlic growing light green sprouts was past its prime or old and on its way to the trash bin.‎ But not so fast.‎ Scientists have reported in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry that this older garlic has even more properties that are good for our bodies than fresh garlic. When researchers tested garlic that had sprouted for five days, they found it had higher antioxidant activity than fresher bulbs of garlic.‎ Also, to get the full effect of garlic’s health benefits, do not add it to food or cook with it immediately. Cutting, crushing or mincing garlic releases the healthy compound found in the vegetable. But heating the garlic or adding it to other ingredients prevents the release of this healthy compound. So cut or crush or mince the garlic, and let it rest by itself for a couple minutes.‎ So, are there any downsides to garlic? Well, the same reason garlic is good for us and good in dishes -- that strong sulfur odor -- is the same reason it gives us bad breath.‎ But there might be a cure for that, too. Yet another study found that eating an apple or lettuce after eating garlic cuts down on the strong garlic smell on one’s breath.‎ ‎63. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?‎ A. Garlic can be used not only for cooking, but also for medicine.‎ B. Workers would eat garlic to increase their strength in the past.‎ C. Garlic growing light green sprouts was past its prime or old and should be thrown to the ‎ trash bin.‎ D. Heating the garlic or adding it to other ingredients would reduce the health benefit of garlic.‎ ‎64. Which sentence could be filled in the blanks?‎ A. So many studies on garlic B. Medicinal garlic throughout time ‎ C. Garlic is such a healthy food D. Study about garlic ‎65. Where can you probably find the text?‎ ‎ A. In a popular magazine. B. In a story book.‎ ‎ C. In a biology textbook. D. In a health report.‎ D A new survey reviews that more than 60% of websites and apps intended for Canadian children may be collecting personal information and passing it on to a third party. The survey was completed by the Global Privacy Enforcement Network, which reviewed 1,494 websites and apps.‎ Focusing on trends among Canadian users, the sweep team reviewed 118 websites and apps targeted directly at children, as well as 54 that are known to be popular with and used by kids. The team’s findings showed that more than 50% of Canadian sites collect personal information from children, including names, addresses, phone numbers and photos, audio or video. In addition, 62% of sites admitted they may show that personal information to third parties. An other 62% allowed the user to be redirected to a different site, and only 28% of the sites and apps involved any form of parental control or protection.‎ A member of the team Tobi Cohen, outlined a few of the sites that did and did not live up to the standards of children’s privacy online. She praised both Family.ca and Lego.com for their message boards that did not allow users to post personal information, and noted that santasvillage. ca asked users to provide their full name and email address. Gamezhero.com was also singled out for allowing users to display personal information, including names, age, sex and locations. Pbskids.org, on the other hand, was praised for only offering generic, pre-set avatars（头像） and barring users form uploading personal photos.‎ The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada refused to release a full list of the websites and apps reviewed. When asked what would be done with results, commissioner Daniel Therrien said that companies reviewed in the sweep would be kept informed of the findings. “ It’s our usual practice after conducting a sweep to write a number of companies to point out the things that we’ve seen, to sometimes ask that things be changed, and on the whole the companies react positively to these requests.” Therrien added. ‎ In an attempt to help kids better understand why their privacy matters, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada has created a lesson plan for kids in Grade 7 and 8 that explains the Global Privacy Enforcements Network and has kids conduct privacy reviews of their own.‎ ‎“We know that companies are not the only ones responsible for the protection of kids’ privacy.” Therrien said.“ Parents and teachers obviously have a role. We have a role, particularly in the area of increasing awareness of privacy issues among the public.”‎ Matthew Johnson, director of education at Media Smarts, said that the sweep’s results were sadly unsurprising. Media Smarts, an Ottawa-based non-profit digital literacy outfit intended to improve media literacy and empowering the youth to better engage with media, offers age-appropriate tips to parents concerned with keeping their kids sage online.‎ Johnson explained that in addition to educating themselves on the issue, the best thing parents could do to protect children’s privacy online is to educate kids on the importance the function of their personal data. He mentioned an initiative by Media Smarts called Privacy Pirates, an online game that aims to teach kids at the age of seven to nine that all forms of personal information should be protected and added that their personal information has value and they should think twice before giving it out.‎ ‎66. We can conclude from the data mentioned in Paragraph 2 that ________.‎ ‎ A. parents must be to blame for letting out their kids’ privacy ‎ B. the time that children spend on he Internet should be limited ‎ C. more children have realized the importance of personal privacy ‎ ‎ D. more attention should be paid to the protection of kids’ privacy ‎67. Which of the following websites doesn’t require kids to provide personal information?‎ ‎ A. Family.ca. B. Gamezhero.com. C. pbskids.org. D. santasvillage.ca.‎ ‎68. What will most of the companies do when receiving a request from the sweep team?‎ ‎ A. They will help kids better understand why their privacy matters.‎ ‎ B. They will ask the team never to make their website public.‎ ‎ C. They will ask for further information about the research.‎ ‎ D. They will take some measures actively in response.‎ ‎69. Daniel Therrien seems to stress in Paragraph 6 that ________.‎ ‎ A. the team should develop a good relationship with the companies ‎ B. the protection of kid’s privacy involves joint efforts from adults ‎ C. the public is unaware if their role in protecting kids’ privacy ‎ D. the sweep team’s work is worth nothing without parents’ help ‎70. According to Johnson, parents should ________.‎ ‎ A. guide their kids to play online games ‎ B. get kids to know the value of their privacy ‎ C. set a good example to their kids in daily life ‎ D. think twice before giving personal information out 第2卷（非选择题，共两大题，35分）‎ 第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分）‎ ‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。‎ Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.‎ There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.‎ When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in “rote rehearsal”. By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal”. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.‎ Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable（可取回的）. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in ‎ the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.‎ ‎(71)________ to STM The short term memory is also (72)________ to as the working memory, which in formation makes its way to via the sensory storage area.‎ Ways to (73)________ the STM ‎▲One can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together.‎ ‎▲One can make a memory more (74)________ to be passed on to long term memory, with information (75)________.‎ The (76)________ of rote rehearsal ‎▲“Rote rehearsal” can help keep a memory alive, but the kind of memory can only maintain (77)________ interruptions.‎ ‎▲The information (78)________ to disappear once the rehearsal of it is stopped.‎ Another type of memory Information can be (79)________ more easily by encoding information semantically. It doesn’t matter when a memory seems to be forgotten, because (80)________ can help one pick it up.‎ 第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）‎ A bookseller in Chongqing municipality has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters to read, after seeing British actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.‎ ‎ Author and bookstore owner Jiang Lin, 29, randomly placed 40 works along the city’s light-rail system on Sunday.‎ ‎"I considered the needs of commuters," he said. "I hope strangers can feel comforted by the books and feel connected with other readers."‎ Those who find a book can read it in public or take it home, but they are encouraged to leave it again on public transportation once they have finished with it, Jiang said.‎ ‎ Up to now, more than 20 people have come onboard and are now working on a more detailed plan to spread the love of reading.‎ The idea is welcomed by quite a few people, saying that the campaign is of great importance when it comes to helping people improve reading skills. Others, however, set forth a totally different argument, pointing to the fact that books left on the light-rail were damaged and even littered.‎ ‎"I believe there are many book lovers like me in China, and this project will be welcomed across the country," Jiang said.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ 1. 用约30个词概述上述短文的内容 2. 结合上述内容，谈谈你对“丢书大战”的态度并说明理由。‎ 3. 高尔基说：“书是人类进步的阶梯。”你采取哪些做法来提升自己的阅读素养？（不少于两点）‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ 1. 写作过程不能直接引用原文语句。‎ 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ 3. 不必写标题。‎ 1. 不少于150字。‎ 参考答案 听力： CBCBB BCCBA ACBAB CBBBA 单选: CBCDA BBDBA BCADD 完型： BCDCA CBDAB CADAC BDDDB 阅读： CBA ACCB CAD DADBB 任务型 ‎ ‎71.Introduction 72.referred 73.improve/optimize 74.likely 75. Organized ‎76.drawbacks/shortcomings/weaknesses/disadvantages 77.without 78.tends ‎79.retrieved 80.cues 书面表达：‎ 参考范文：‎ Recently, the Book Fairy Campaign, which happened in Chongqing underground, has raised people’s awareness of reading and caused a hot debate about whether it is of much significance to carry out this event which has also brought about negative effects.‎ As we know, China’s average reading time is among the least throughout the globe, which sets alarm bells ringing. How can we change the present situation? The London project can serve as an example to be followed. As to the phenomenon that a large quantity of books have been damaged or ignored, I suppose it takes time for commuters to develop civilized behavior. Far from satisfactory as it is now, it will surely improve.‎ Francisco Bacon once said, reading makes a full man. Therefore, we should read as many books as possible. Meanwhile, creating a beneficial reading atmosphere is essential to building a life-long learning society. The government as well as individuals is supposed to make more efforts. ‎