三精考点之高三英语最困难考点系列：高三英语最困难考点系列（2）定语从句

三精考点之高三英语最困难考点系列：高三英语最困难考点系列（2）定语从句

高三最困难考点系列（2）定语从句 定语从句 ‎★★★★★‎ ‎○○○○○‎ ‎【命题说明】定语从句是高考命题中最难的考点之一，定语从句的命题形式灵活多样，正确判断和使用关系词是定语从句主要的命题形式。定语从句主要以语法填空、短文改错、单项填空的形式进行考查。高考范文中含有定语从句的句子也是判断高级句型的体现。‎ 定语从句的核心考点 考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1．who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 ‎①Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.‎ 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。‎ ‎②The man (who/whom) you met just now is called Jim.‎ 你刚才遇见的那个人叫吉姆。‎ ‎③Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.‎ 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。‎ ‎2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。‎ ‎2．that，which引导的定语从句 ‎①[2015·福建]China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。‎ ‎②[2016·浙江]When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to ‎ apply for the one that reflected my interest.‎ 当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。‎ ‎③All the people that come from the country work much harder.‎ 所有来自农村的人都工作更努力。‎ ‎④The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.‎ 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。‎ ‎⑤This is the book which you are looking for.‎ 这正是你在找的那本书。‎ ‎⑥He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.‎ 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。‎ ‎2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。‎ ‎3．下列情况只用that不用which：‎ ‎①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；‎ ‎②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；‎ ‎③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；‎ ‎④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；‎ ‎⑤先行词中既有人也有物；‎ ‎⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。‎ 考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎①[2015·北京]Opposite is St.Paul's Church，where you can hear some lovely music.‎ 对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。‎ ‎②[2016·天津]We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.‎ 我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。‎ ‎③The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.‎ 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。‎ ‎④They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.‎ 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。‎ ‎2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。‎ ‎3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。‎ 考点3　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.‎ 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。‎ ‎②[2016·浙江]The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.‎ 研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。‎ ‎③Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.‎ 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。‎ ‎④His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.‎ 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)‎ 考点总结 ‎1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。‎ ‎2．该结构中介词的选用 ‎(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：‎ ‎①先行词的意义；‎ ‎②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；‎ ‎③句子的意思。‎ ‎(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：‎ ‎①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。‎ ‎②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。‎ ‎(3)有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。‎ 考点4　as，which引导的定语从句 ‎①[2015·江苏]The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ 正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。‎ ‎②[2015·湖南]It is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ 这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。‎ ‎③Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)‎ Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)‎ 上学期数学考试老师出了一道很难的数学题，没有一个人能解出来。‎ ‎④I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.‎ 我想用你昨天用的那种工具。‎ I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.‎ 我想用你昨天用的那件工具。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。‎ ‎2．as常用在下列习惯用语中：‎ as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。‎ ‎3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。‎ ‎4．“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so...as...”表示“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。‎ ‎5．“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物，而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。‎ 考点5　way和time后接定语从句的 情况 ‎①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.‎ 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。‎ ‎②The way　he explained to us was quite simple.‎ 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。‎ ‎③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.‎ 你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。‎ ‎④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject.‎ 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。‎ ‎2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。‎ 一、介词+关系代词的用法 ‎“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which，whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：‎ ‎(1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom 1 went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom 1 went to for advice．曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。‎ ‎(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 ‎①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels．=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels．上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。‎ ‎②He wrote a book，the name of which I’ve completely forgotten．他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。‎ ‎③The old man has two daughters．both of whom are doctors．那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。‎ ‎(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。‎ ‎(4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name．for which mistake I apologized．我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)‎ 二、that和which的用法区别:‎ 在定语从句中，关系代词which和 that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：‎ This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。‎ ‎(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：‎ Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。‎ ‎(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：‎ This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。 ‎ ‎ (3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：‎ I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。‎ who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:‎ 在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：‎ 一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形 ‎(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。‎ ‎(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？‎ ‎(3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。‎ ‎(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。‎ ‎(5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：‎ The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。‎ 二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形 ‎(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：‎ The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。‎ ‎(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：‎ He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生 ‎(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：‎ Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？‎ ‎(4) the same as与the same that the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：‎ She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣) ‎ She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.‎ ‎ 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)‎ ‎1.【语法填空】‎ ‎1.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【解析】70. which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。‎ ‎2.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎3. [2017·浙江卷6月考]Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.‎ ‎【解析】64. where　考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎4．(2016年江苏)Many young people, most of ________ were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ 解析：句意：许多年轻人都前往偏远地区追逐梦想，他们中大多数人受过良好的教育。此处考查“代词＋of＋whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰many young people。‎ 答案：whom ‎5．(2016年浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.‎ 解析：句意：人类为什么能哭出眼泪，关于这一点科学家们提出了很多理论，但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which /whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。‎ 答案：which ‎6．(2016年北京)I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ 解析：句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作children的定语。‎ 答案：whose ‎7．(2016年天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.‎ 解析：句意：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。‎ 答案：when ‎8．(2015年重庆)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.‎ 解析：句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。分析句子结构可知，该题是非限制性定语从句，先行词是books，所以填which。‎ 答案：which ‎9．(2015年安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________school education depends.‎ 解析：句意：一些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。本题的主句是“Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill”，“upon ________ school education depends”是定语从句。在本句中先行词为the fundamental skill且所填词作upon的宾语，故填which。‎ 答案：which ‎10．(2015年福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ 解析：句意：《今日中国》获得全世界读者的关注，表明越来越多的世界各地的人想了解中国。which引导非限制性定语从句代替前面整句话。‎ 答案：which ‎11．(2015年四川)The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ 答案：whose ‎12．(2015年天津) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________his employees enjoy their work.‎ 解析：句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都享受他们工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词，定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，故用where引导。‎ 答案：where ‎13．(2015年湖南)It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ 解析：句意：这真是一个令人高兴的地方，这个地方看起来和一百年前一样，有蜿蜒的街道和美丽的小屋。先行词a truly delightful place是物，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以使用which引导。‎ 答案：which ‎14．(2015年北京)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________you can hear some lovely music.‎ 解析：句意：对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里，你可以听到美妙的音乐。因为先行词St.Paul's Church在非限制性定语从句中充当地点状语，所以这里使用where引导定语从句。‎ 答案：where ‎15．(2015年陕西)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.‎ 解析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯一直渴望他能够独立的时候。先行词为时间名词the time，定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，所以选择关系副词when。‎ 答案：when ‎16．(2015年江苏)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ 解析：句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如……”。‎ 答案：as ‎2.【短文改错】‎ ‎1.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.‎ ‎【解析】that改为which　考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。‎ ‎2.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:‎ ‎7. they→that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。‎ ‎3．The man whom is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. ‎ 答案：whom→who /that ‎4．He likes to read books which is written by foreign writers. ‎ 答案：is→are ‎5．The number of people that /who comes to visit this city each year reaches one million. ‎ 答案：comes→come ‎6．The classroom which door is broken will soon be repaired. ‎ 答案：which→whose ‎7．The school which he once studied is very famous.‎ 答案：which前加in或studied后加in或把which→where ‎1．(2014年安徽)The exact year_________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ 解析：句意：安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为the exact year，在从句中作spent的宾语，指物，故填that /which。‎ 答案：that /which ‎2．(2014年重庆)We'll reach the sales targets in a month _________we set at the beginning of the year.‎ 解析：句意：一个月内我们将要实现年初我们设定的销售目标。此处用that用which代替the sales targets在定语从句中作set的宾语。‎ 答案：that /which ‎3．(2014年浙江)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_________I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.‎ 答案：when ‎4．(2014年陕西)Please send us all the information________you have about the candidate for the position.‎ 解析：句意：请你把你手头的有关这个职位的所有候选人的信息发给我们。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句引导词，定语从句先行词为all the information，故填that。注：which引导的定语从句不修饰用all修饰的先行词。‎ 答案：that ‎5．(2014年江苏)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work_________a good impression is a must.‎ 解析：句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在那些必须给人留下良好印象的工作中。根据句意填关系副词where。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。‎ 答案：where ‎6．(2014年湖南)I am looking forward to the day_________my daughter can read this book and ‎ know my feelings for her.‎ 解析：句意：我正期待着那一天的到来，那时我的女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。在本句中，先行词为the day，关系词在从句中充当时间状语，故填when。‎ 答案：when ‎7．(2014年四川)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，_________is quite unexpected.‎ 解析：句意：直到现在，我们已经为贫困的孩子筹集到了五万英镑，这真的出乎意料。分析句子结构可知，空处为非限制性定语从句引导词，指上文提到的整件事情，故填which。‎ 答案：which ‎8．(2014年江西) Among the many dangers_________sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.‎ 解析：句意：在海员们不得不面对的许多危险中，最大的危险很可能是雾。在本句中，先行词为dangers，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Sailors have to face the dangers.由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作face的宾语，且指“物”，故填which /that。‎ 答案：which /that ‎9．(2014年山东)A company_________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ 解析：句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The company's profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。‎ 答案：whose ‎10．(2014年天津)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of_________uses it differently.‎ 解析：句意：英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式也不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故后面部分应为定语从句，又因为先行词是cultures且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以填which。‎ 答案：which ‎11．(2014年北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_________my classmates recommended to me.‎ 答案：which ‎12．(2013年天津)We have launched another manmade satellite，_________is announced in today's ‎ newspaper.‎ 解析：句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事在今天的报纸上被公布了。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代“发射人造卫星”这件事。也可填as。‎ 答案：which /as ‎13．(2013年湖南)Happiness and success often come to those_________are good at recognizing their own strengths.‎ 解析：句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于了解自身优势的人。此处考查定语从句，先行词为those，指人，从句缺少主语，所以用who引导。‎ 答案：who ‎14．(2013年福建)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_________lives were affected.‎ 解析：句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。根据题干可知空格后内容是定语从句，先行词是代词those，表示“那些人”，而且定语从句中的lives缺定语，所以用whose。‎ 答案：whose ‎15．(2013年四川)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.‎ 解析：句意：现在人们越来越关注他们所居住的环境。分析句子结构可知，此处由where /in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment，且在定语从句中作地点状语。‎ 答案：where /in which ‎16．(2013年江苏)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.‎ 解析：句意：世界银行行长说，他热爱中国，这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。分析句子结构可知，空格前部分是主句，which引导非限制性定语从句指代“he has a passion for China”并在从句中作remembers的宾语。‎ 答案：which ‎17．(2013年安徽)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_________made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.‎ 解析：句意：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。‎ 答案：which ‎18．(2013年浙江)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.‎ 答案：where /on which ‎19．(2013年山东)Finally he reached a lonely island_________was completely cut off from the outside world.‎ 解析：句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表示“物”，可以用which或that引导。‎ 答案：which /that ‎20．(2013年山东)There is no simple answer，_________is often the case in science.‎ 解析：句意：科学往往就是这样，它没有一个简单的答案。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，并引导非限制性定语从句。as is often the case为固定用法。‎ 答案：as 语法填空15分；短文改错10分 共25分 ‎1.语法填空【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Tea is one of the most popular____1____(drink)in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the___2___ (dry)leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that tea could cure illnesses, and they used it as medicine. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from____3____(die). Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause ___4___(sleepless).‎ The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places___5___rain falls throughout the year. Teas can be grown from sea level___6___about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.‎ Tea ___7___(come)from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations(茶园)they ___8___(cut)back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pull the leaves ___9___(easy). It takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for plucking(采摘).‎ A plucker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. on large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines, ___10___the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are plucked by hand.‎ ‎【答案】1. drinks 2. dried 3. dying 4. sleeplessness 5. where 6. to 7. comes 8. are cut 9. easily 10. but ‎2. dried考查过去分词作状语。句意：你可以热水泡干的茶叶。根据常识可知茶叶是烘干的，故要用dried作定语，被烧坏的，dried。‎ ‎3. dying ‎4. sleeplessness考查名词作宾语。句意：它会导致失眠。动词cause后要跟名词作宾语，故要用sleeplessness。‎ ‎5. where考查定语从句。茶树在热带和温带地区生长最好，那里全年有雨水降落。先行词places 在从句中作地点状语，故用where。 ‎ ‎6. to 考查固定搭配。句意：茶叶可以从海平面生长到2000米左右。from…to…,从……到……，故选to。‎ ‎7. comes 考查谓语动词。句意：茶来自茶树的叶子和芽。Tea 是个不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数，故用 comes。‎ ‎8. are cut考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：野生植物可以高达9米，茶园里的植物被削减到约一米的灌木丛。他们(植物)是被砍，是复数。故要用被动。‎ ‎9. easily 考查副词修饰动词。句意：工人可以把树叶很容易地摘下来。Easy修饰动词pull，形容词不能修饰动词，故用副词easily。‎ ‎2.短文改错 ‎【福建省2017届高三下学期普通高中毕业班4月质量检查】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student. Last week, he goes to see a doctor because of his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease”. Zhou sent messages for his friends with his mobile phone all the time, even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile phone. He didn’t stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang Ling, which is an expert from a health center, said students should try to use their mobile phones less, especial at school.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】文章讲述了Zhou Yan长期使用手机造成的手机病的症状和严重性，建议我们有节制地使用手机。‎ 第一处：The →a.考查冠词。此处指周岩是一名高三学生，不是特指，故the改为a。‎ 第二处：goes →went.考查时态。根据时间状语Last week且和下文时态一致，要用一般过去时。故goes改为went。‎ 第三处：去掉of.考查连词。表示“因为”的because of是介词短语，后加词语，但此后是句子不是词语，所以要用连词because，故去掉of。‎ 第六处：exam →exams.考查名词。此处由all修饰指所有的考试，名词要用复数，故exam 改为exams。‎ 第七处：many →much.考查相近词辨析。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词，此处修饰time，time是不可数名词要用much，故many改为much。‎ 第八处：use →using.考查固定用法。stop doing表示停止做某事，此处指停止玩手机，故use改为using。‎ 第九处：which→ who.考查定语从句。句中先行词是Yang Ling指人，不能用which引导，此处是非限制性定语从句用who，故which改为who。‎ 第十处：especial→ especially.考查副词。此处作状语，要用副词，故especial改为especially。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎