2019届二轮复习语法专题介词和介词短语课件(共75张PPT)

2019届二轮复习语法专题介词和介词短语课件(共75张PPT)

2019 届二轮复习语法专题 介词和介词短语 Do the  exercises  individually, and then check your answers with your partners. Now check your answers 1-5 In; By; for; in; by 6-10 in; with; in; by; for 基本用法 例词 表示 方位 above, across, along, among,  around,  behind, over, through… 表示 时间  after, as, at, before, during, since, … 表示 除去 besides, but, except… 表示 原因 / 目的 for, with, from , of, over… 表示 支持、反对 for/against 表示 工具、手段、方式 by, in , on, with… 表示 其他 of, against, like, by, as, with, beyond… 介词 考点题 例一 1. The meeting lasted _____three hours yesterday. for 2. __________ the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in this area. During/Over 3. We’ll have finished the work _____ ten o’clock tomorrow. by 4. The sunlight came in ______( 穿过 ) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. through 4. Four Chinese models were _____ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. among 5. Mexico is _____ the south of North America. in 6. Our office is ____ the 6 th floor of a ten-storeyed building. on 7.Today, she lives thousands of miles away from me, but she sometimes by emails me about the books she is reading. / 一、常用介词 表示年、月、日、时刻等用 at, in, on at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点。 at lunch 午餐时 at breakfast 早餐时 at night 在夜间 at first 起初 at times 偶尔，有时 at the same time 同时 We usually have lunch at noon/at twelve . 我们通常中午吃午饭 ( 十二点吃午饭 ) 。 注意：表示时间的名词前有 this, last, next, every 等修饰时，其前面不加介词。 this morning 今天早上； last Monday 上周一； every week 每周。 on 用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午 ( 指 具 体的某一时 ，一律用 on) 。 on Monday 在周一 on June 6 在 6 月 6 日 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on May 4, 2003 在 2003 年 5 月 4 日 on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天 on the night of July (the) first 在七月一日夜晚 We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon . 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 in 用于表示周、月、季节、年和 泛指的上 午、下午、晚上 ( 指在一段时间内 ) 。 in May 在五月 in the holiday 在假期中 in summer 在夏季 in September, 1995 在 1995 年 9 月 in the morning 在上午 in the 21st century 在二十一世纪 People go skating in winter . 人们冬天去滑冰。 Do they work in the daytime or at night? 2. 表示时间的前后用 before, after 两者既可以作介词又可以作连词。 before 在 …… 之前 Wash your hands before dinner. (before 作介词 ) 吃饭前请洗手。 He will call me before he leaves here/ before ten o’clock. ( 前一个 before 作连词；后一个 before 作介词 ) 他离开这儿之前 / 十点之前，将给我打电 话。 B. after 在 …… 之后 Let’s sing some songs after school. (after 作介词 ) 放学后咱们唱歌吧！ Please close the door after you leave the room. (after 作连词 ) 离开房间后请关门。 3. 表示期限等用 by, until, till A. by 在 …… 前 ( 时间 ) ；截止 ( 到 )…… by the end of… 在 …… 底 ( 之前 ) by then 到那时 by the time + 从句 在 …… 之前 How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时 ( 之前 ) 她已经走了。 B. until/till 直到 …… 为止 ( 时间 ) We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。 I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。 4. 表示期间等用 for, during, through for 达 …… 之久 ( 表示经过了多少时间 ) 可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连 用，但 经常和完成时连用 。 He has lived here for 20 years. 他在这儿已经住了二十年了。 We will stay in the city for two days. 我们要在这座城市待两天。 B. during 在 …… 期间 They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays. 暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。 C. through 一直 ……( 从开始到结束 ) They played the cards through the night. He stayed in London through the winter. 比较： for 和 during 。 for 之后大多跟表示 时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而 during 后决不能跟表数字的名词。 5. 表示时间的起点等用 from, since from 从 …… 起 ( 时间 ) 表示“从 …… 开始”时，一般都是用词组 from…to… ，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用 at 。 The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从 8 点开到 10 点。 The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。 B. since 自从 …… 以来 ( 表示从以前某时一 直到现在仍在继续 ) I have been sick since yesterday. 我从昨天起就病了。 ( 强调一直病到现在 ) The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor. ( since 作连词，引导时间状语从句 ) 这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多 人的生命。 6. 表示时间的经过等用 in, within A. in 过 …… 后 ( 未来时间 ), 大多用在 将来时 ( 一般将来时和过去将来时 ) 。 in an hour 一小时之后 in a week or so 大约一星期之后 He will be back in five hours . 他五小时之后回来。 注意：如果用于过去式，用 after+ 时间。 She went to Nanjing last May, and she came back after a month. B. within 不超过 …… 的范围 within 3 hours 3 小时之内 within a week 一周之内 I must finish painting the cat within five minutes. 我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。 比较： within 和 in 。 within 强调“在 …… 时 间之内”，没有时态的限制。 in 是以限制 为基础， in an hour 是指从现在起一个小 时之后，所以 in 一般只用于将来时 。 A. at 在某地 ( 表示比较狭窄的场所 ) at school 上学 at home 在家 at Baker Street 在贝克街 2 号 stand at the door 站在门边 at the bottom/back/end/head of I’ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 at & in B. in 在某地 ( 表示比较宽敞的场所 ) in Beijing 在北京 in the world 在世界上 in the bed 躺在床上 in China 在中国 in a book/newspaper 在书上 / 报纸上 His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2 years ago. Mike works in the prison. She was born in China. on 在 …… 上面，有接触面。 on the desk 在桌子上面 on the map 在地图上 There are two maps on the wall. 墙上有两张地图。 on 在 …… 靠近 …… 的地方 on the right 在右边 on the river 在河边 on the pavement 在人行道上 on & above & over & under & below B. above 在 …… 上方 Our plane flew above the clouds. 我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 C. over 在 …… 正上方，是 under 的反义词 There is a light over Li Ming. 李明的正上方有一盏灯。 A few birds were flying over the sea. 有几只鸟在海上飞。 D. under 在 …… 下面；在 …… 之内 under the table 桌子下面 under the jacket 在夹克内 The dog is under the table. 这只狗在桌子下面。 E. below 在 …… 下方 ( 不一定是正下方 ) 正下方是 under ， below 是 above 的反义词。 There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water. 水下面有许多各式各样的鱼。 near 近的，不远的 near=not far ，是 far 的反义词。 near 还可以指时间。 in the near future 在不久的将来 Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ B. by 在 …… 旁边，距离比 near 要近 by the window 在窗户边 by me 在我旁边 The boy is standing by the window. near & by between 在两者之间 My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. 我们的老师正坐在汤姆和麦克之间。 What’s the difference between A and B ？ B. among 在三者或更多的之中 There is a beautiful house among the trees. 在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 He is very popular among the students. 他在学生之中很受欢迎。 C. around 环绕，在 …… 周围，在 …… 四周 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 between & among & around in (the) front of 在 …… 的前面 ( 前部 ) 。 There is a tree in front of the house. 在房屋前面有一棵树。 There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室前部有一张大讲桌。 B. behind 在 …… 后面， behind 是 in front of 的反义词。 There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一棵树。 C. opposite 在 …… 对面 Our school is opposite a university. 我们学校在一所大学的对面。 in front of & behind & opposite in 在 …… 之内，用于表示静止的位置 The students are in the classroom. 学生们在教室里。 B. into 进入 用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常 用于表示动作的动词之后。如： go, come, walk, run 等。 The students run into the classroom. 学生们跑进教室。 He jumped into the water. 他跳入水中。 in & into & out of & up C. out of 和 into 一样，也表示有一定的运 动方向 The students rushed out of the room. 学生们冲出房间。 D. up 移动 The children climbed up the tree. 孩子们爬上了树。 along 沿着 I was walking along the river when it began to rain. 我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 B. across 横过 I often swim across the river. 我常游泳横渡这条河。 along & across & past & through C. past 经过 Every day he runs past the city hall. 他每天跑步经过市政府。 D. through 贯穿，通过 The sun shone through the clouds. 阳光穿过云层照射下来。 The river was through the city. 这条河穿过这个城市。 to 到达 …… 地点 ( 目的地 ) 或方向 He came to Japan in 1980. B. for 表示目的地，“向 ……” for 表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。 leave for 动身去 …… start for 出发去 …… I will leave for America next week. 下周我将动身去美国。 C. from 从 …… 地点起 It’s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. to & from & for with & for 1. w ith 多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状态的原因。 I am satisfied with his service. 2. for 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及 reason, famous 等词连用。 The West Lake is famous for its scenery. against & for against 意为“反对”，指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取对立的态度。 against 还有“倚靠，逆着，相反，在 …… 的衬托下，与 …… 比赛”等意思。 for 指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，意思是“支持，赞成”，与 in favor of 同义。 Are you for or against the new road scheme? 你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？ She was forced to marry against her will. 她被迫违心地嫁了人。 That’s against the law. 那是违法的。 The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。 besides & except &but &other than &except for 1. 用于否定句时， besides, except 与 but 可相互替换。 No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/ besides/ but Lin Tao and Wu Dong. 除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试。 2. 用于肯定句时的区别 1 ） except 意为： not including 除 …… 之外（不再有） We all passed the exam except Tom. 除汤姆没及格外，我们都及格了。（汤姆没及格） 2 ） besides 意为： in addition to 除 …… 之外（还有） We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐我们还有很多共同点。 注意 besides 在句中的位置较灵活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中；而 except 多放在句中。 except 前几乎总有 all, any, every, no 及其复合不定代词。 He answered all the questions except the last one. 除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。 I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个朋友。 3 ） except for 表示“除了 …… ”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。 Your coat is good except for its color. 你的外套很好，就是颜色不太好。 注意：当 except 用于句首时，后面往往要加上 for. Except for this, everything is in good order. =Everything is in good order except this. 除此之外，一切正常。 3. except 和 but/other than 都可接名词、代词、动名词，可以互换；但 except 后接副词、介词短语、 when 从句等时， but/other than 不可替换 except. He has always been in high spirits except recently . 除近来外，他总是精神饱满。（ 副词 ） The window is never opened except in summer . 除夏天外，这扇窗户从来不开。（ 介词短语 ） He has always been busy except when it is Sunday . 除星期日外，他总是很忙。（ when 从句 ） 4. but, except 后都可接 that 从句作宾语。 I asked for nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week. 我对他并无其他要求，只要他每隔一周给我写一封信。 5. besides 还可以作副词，相当于 in addition; also; moreover; furthermore I don’t want to go. Besides , I am too tired. 我不想去。再说，我也太累了。 This is my best suit. Besides , I have two others. 这是我最好的一套衣服，我另外还有两套。 in& on & to &off 四个词都可表示两地之间的位置关系。 off 表示海面上靠近海岸的地方；或者强调两地之间隔着一小段距离。 New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia. （强调靠近海岸） They arrived at a house off the main road. （两地隔着一小段距离） 举一反三 1. _____autumn coming, the trees are abundant in fruit. With 2. _____ graduating from college, she found a job as a nurse. After 3. It has been snowing _____ Christmas morning. on 4.A great person is always putting others’ interests ____ his own. above 5.Do you think this shirt is too tight _____ the shoulders? across 1. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ______ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 考点题例二 2.We’d better discuss everything ______ before we work out the plan. A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time 3.____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of 二、介词短语 with 短语 with anger 生气地 with confidence 有信心地 with delight/joy 高兴地 with ease 轻而易举地 with satisfaction 满意地 with success 成功地 with kindness 亲切地 at 短语 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at rest 静止不动 at sea 在海上，在航海 at present 目前 at sunrise 日出时 at the beginning of 在 …… 的开始 at the cost of 以 …… 的代价 at the mercy of 在 …… 的支配下 at the sight of 一看到 …… 就 at the price of 以 …… 的价格 on 短语 on display 陈列 on line 在工作（运行） on sale 出售，打折 on show 在展出 on the go 在忙碌中 on the march 在进行中 on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 on condition that 在 …… 的条件下，如果 on no account/condition/occasion 决不 on the basis of 以 …… 为基础 on the occasion of 在 …… 时 in 短语 in cash 用现金付款 in detail 详细地 in shape 在外形上 in anger 生气地 in debt 负债 in delight 高兴地 in despair 绝望 in doubt 不确定 in print 已出版 in prison 在狱中 in rags 穿着破烂 in ruins 成为废墟 in silence 沉默 in trouble 在困难中 in wonder 惊奇地 in view 看得见 in surprise 惊奇地 in order 就绪 in 短语 in the face of 面对 in addition to 另外 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in charge of 掌管 in consequence of 由于 in favor of 支持，赞成 in no case 决不 in no time 立刻 in no way 决不 in spite of 尽管 in honor of 向 …… 表示敬意 in the charge of 在 …… 的管理下 by 短语 by accident 偶然 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by force 用暴力 by mistake 错误地 by nature 天生地 by air/plane 乘飞机 by radio 通过收音机 by weight/volume/size/number 按重量 / 体积 / 大小 / 数量 of 短语 of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的 of importance 重要的 of interest 有趣的 of significance 有意义的 of use 有用的 of value 有价值的 out of 短语 out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 不受控制 out of debt 不欠债 out of order 除故障 out of patience 不耐烦 out of season 过季 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问 out of trouble 摆脱困难 beyond 短语 beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond comprehension 难以理解 beyond description 难以描述 beyond measure 非常，极其 beyond question 无可争辩；毋庸置疑 beyond reach 够不到 beyond words 难以表达 beyond one’s wildest dreams 做梦都没想到， 远远出乎所料 from 短语 be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 远离 be free from 不受 …… 影响 be safe from 免受 …… 的伤害 其它常用短语 according to 根据 along with 随着 together with 连同 but for 要不是 owing to 因为 by means of 借助于 for fear of 唯恐 for the good of 为了 …… 的利益 for lack of 因为缺乏 for the purpose of 为了 …… 起见 for life 一生，终身 举一反三 1. I am lucky. I have my dad in my life and we have a great relationship. Today he’s ____the way ____being a second grandpa and is as proud as he can be. on to 2. Jane is ____ a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ____ half an hour. in in 考点题例三 He worked ____ night and slept ____ day. 他晚上工作，白天睡觉。 by by 2. The new road will be completed _____ the end of the year. 这条道路将在年底以前建成。 before 3. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _____ it. against 三、介词的句法功能 ★ 作定语 介词短语作定语时，一律 后置 。 He stared at the portrait on the wall . 他盯着墙上的画像。 It was a good solution to my difficulty . 这是一个解决我困难的好方案。 Who is the girl with a foreign accent ? 带外国口音的那个女孩是谁？ ★ 作状语 介词短语作状语时， 修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子 。 Classes begin at eight . ( 修饰动词 ) 八点钟开始上课。 Jane looks young for her age . ( 修饰形容词 ) 珍妮看起来比她的实际年龄年轻。 To my surprise , Li Ming passed the exam at all. ( 修饰全句 ) 让我惊奇的是，李明通过了考试。 ★ 作表语 We are against/for you . 我们反对 / 支持你。 It was because of the heavy rain that we couldn’t go out. 因为这场大雨，我们出不去了。 ★作宾语补足语 I always find her at her studies . 我总发现她在学习。 We found the map quite out of date . 我发现这地图完全过时了。 举一反三 1. we’ll have finished the work ____ ten o’clock tomorrow. by 2. The Scottish girl _____ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. with 1. But my connection with pandas goes back____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, … to 2. Most of us are more focused ____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. on I. Multiple choice. 解析： to 。 go back to 追溯到。 解析： on 。 be focused on ... 集中于 …… 。 3. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____ their hands. with 解析： with 。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法 —— 用手吃饭，“ with ＋表示具体工具的名词”表示“用 ……” 。 4. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ____ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 5. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ___the same time, they warm up again for the night. by at 6. I got a place next _____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. to 解析： to 。 next to 与 …… 相邻，紧挨着。 1. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the (a) short period of time. 2. Now I am leaving home to college. II. Correction 解析： dreams 后加 of 。 dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事。 解析： to → for 。 leave … for … 离开某地到另一地。 3. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 4. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 解析： on → with 。 with the development of 随着 …… 的发展。 解析： on → in 。 Tony 是“在商店橱窗里”看到了玩具。 5. Nearly five years before (ago), and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes ( 圣女果 ) in our back garden. 解析： by → of 。 with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下。 6. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 解析： with → for 。 have time for … 有做 …… 的时间。 7. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 解析： listening 后面加 to 。 listen to 听。 III. Fill in the blanks with proper words. Once I stayed _____ home alone. I found it a chance to cook. I put all the food I needed _____ a pot. Then I had to wait _____ it to boil. In order to kill the waiting time, I went to watch TV. Only ___ a few minutes was I fascinated by a wonderful programme. It was about half an hour later that I remembered my food. at into for in I turned ____ the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over _____ the pot. I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen. So we should pay attention _____ everything we are doing to avoid accidents. off from to Thank you!