2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十四)理清文体结构之记叙文之抒情——分清主次抓关键

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十四)理清文体结构之记叙文之抒情——分清主次抓关键

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十四) 理清文体结构之记叙文之抒情——分清主次抓关键 在叙事的过程中倾诉着某种情感是记叙文的一大特色。这种情感或友情或关爱，无不体现了一种人间真爱即正能量。在此类文章中，叙事是一种手段，抒情才是目的。因此在阅读时要分清主次，抓住情感升华的渐进过程。‎ ‎[时间线⇨情节发展]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2017•全国卷Ⅱ•B篇 ‎[情感线⇒友谊升华]‎ 时间1‎ ‎　初见 时间2‎ 共同兴趣下的相互交往 时间3‎ 时间4‎ ‎　心灵沟通 时间1‎ ‎　初见 时间2‎ 共同兴趣下的相互交往 时间3‎ 时间4‎ ‎　心灵沟通 [1]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ ‎[2]The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.‎ ‎[3]We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ 情感1：拔刀相助 ‎——时间1‎ didn’t want me — somebody as well known as Paul (可解24题)→stood up for me 情感2：惺惺相惜 ‎——时间2、时间3‎ ‎①qualities and virtues ...(可解25题)‎ ‎②share the belief ...(可解26题)‎ 情感3：心灵交融 ‎——时间4‎ 心之相通胜于喋喋不休(可解27题)‎ ‎[4]I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎24．Why was the studio ？‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C．He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎25．Why did Paul and the author have a ？‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theater.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎26．What does the underlined word “ ” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.　　　　 　B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success. D．Their support for each other.‎ ‎27．What is the author’s in writing the text?‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ ‎[答案]　24.C　25.D　26.A　27.B ‎24．由关键词定位到“时间1”所在段，由“情感1：拔刀相助”并结合第二句可知答案。‎ ‎25．由“lasting friendship”知这是友谊的升华，可定位到“情感2”，由“qualities and virtues”得出答案。‎ ‎26．此题虽是考查代词指代题，但仍能根据“情感2：惺惺相惜”中的“shared the belief”得出答案。‎ ‎27．此题是写作目的题，由记叙中的时间线和情感线变化得出本文是在回忆一位朋友。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 For a herder (放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is searching for cows lost in the bush.But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, it’s not a problem.Once he spots Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby.That’s because Toro isn’t an ordinary member of the herd.He’s a giraffe.In hot weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly.And because of his height, Toro can spot lions long before they come close to the herd.‎ Toro’s unusual situation came about after his mother was killed by lions.Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk.About two days later, some herders spotted and rescued him.With the permission of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved ‎ Toro to Andrew’s farm.Since giraffes and cattle are both planteating animals that live in groups, their behaviors are much the same.Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.‎ Toro doesn’t always behave like the other members of his new herd.Like many kinds of animals, cattle compete for dominance (支配权)．Standing more than 13 feet tall, Toro is more than three times taller than the biggest bull.But Toro never tries to be “the boss”．“He is very used to their company，” Andrew said.When the herd enters the kraal (家畜栏), the cows and bulls push each other.“But thanks to his height, Toro does not need to join the mess，” said Andrew.‎ When asked if Toro would ever be returned to the wild, Munetsi, an officer of the Department of Wildlife, said no.“In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from predators (猎食者)，” he added.“He seems very much at home and is respected by the cattle.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在非洲的津巴布韦，一头落单的长颈鹿与牛群生活在一起，同吃同住，相处得非常和谐。‎ ‎1．What was Toro like when the herders found him?‎ A．He was left alone.‎ B．He was seriously ill.‎ C．He was lost in the bush.‎ D．He was fighting with lions.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段“...but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk”可知，当这些放牧人发现这只长颈鹿的时候，因为它的妈妈在与狮子搏斗时死去，无人照顾它，它完全落单了。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Toro in the cattle herd?‎ A．He gets along well with the herd.‎ B．He is pushed around by the bulls.‎ C．He has fought to be the leader.‎ D．He stays away from the herd most of the time.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段中的描述可知，长颈鹿Toro和牛群中的其他成员相处得很好。‎ ‎3．What will happen to Toro according to Munetsi?‎ A．He will be sent back to the wild.‎ B．He will be put into another herd of giraffes.‎ C．He will continue to live together with Andrew.‎ D．He will be trained to fight with the big animals.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，人们不会把Toro放归大自然，因为它将很难被新的长颈鹿群接受，也很难保护自己不被猎食者吃掉。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Giraffes under threat in the wild B．A surprising new family for a giraffe C．A new way of herding appearing in Africa D．Moments showing friendship between animals 解析：选B　标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，本文介绍了一只与牛群生活在一起的长颈鹿，它与牛群相处和谐，已成为这个大家庭中的一名成员。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 If you’re walking through Boston during a downpour, you might see a(n) __1__ appear before your eyes. For nearly a year, Bostonians __2__ the city streets in the rain may have __3__ poems written on the sidewalks.‎ Titled “Raining Poetry，” this __4__ resulted from cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston. The first poems were installed to __5__ the start of National Poetry Month, with several more __6__ to the city’s streets last May 13. These poems cannot be seen during dry, __7__ weather, but appear like magic __8__ raindrops start falling from the sky.‎ The poems were __9__ by Danielle Legros Georges, Boston’s poet laureate (桂冠诗人). They are all based on their __10__ to Boston, as well as the general themes of water and rain.‎ ‎“I wanted to draw __11__ from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields，”Georges said.‎ ‎ The poems were installed by __12__ of the Mayor’s Mural Crew，an organization that introduces young artists to the process of __13__ public art.Using a waterresistant spray (喷剂) and simple cardboard stencils (模板), the poems can be __14__ to the sidewalk in a matter of minutes and should wear away in six to eight weeks.‎ The poems appear throughout the city. __15__ all of the poems __16__ installed are written in English, Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add __17__ ones in the many languages that are __18__ throughout Boston.‎ ‎“Our hope is in the next two years everyone in the state will meet a poem in their __19__ lives at least once or twice a month，” says Siegel.“This is a fun and __20__ way to bring poetry to the people.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。波士顿的街道上藏着秘密诗歌，只要一下雨，这些诗歌就会出现在城市的人行道上。‎ ‎1．A.poem　　　　　　　　　 　B．artist C．beggar D．picture 解析：选A　根据下文中的“poems written on the sidewalks” 可知，如果雨天漫步波士顿街头，你可能会看到一首“诗歌(poem)”出现在眼前。‎ ‎2．A.cleaning B．searching C．wandering D．repairing 解析：选C　根据上文中的“you’re walking through Boston”可知，此处指波士顿人“漫步(wandering)”在雨中的城市街头。‎ ‎3．A.copied B．laughed at C．published D．come across 解析：选D　根据上文中的“you might see ... appear before your eyes” 可知，波士顿人可能会“发现(come across)”写在人行道上的诗歌。‎ ‎4．A.theory B．project C．routine D．problem 解析：选B　结合上文中的“Titled ’Raining Poetry，’”和下文中的“cooperation between the nonprofit Mass Poetry and the city of Boston”可知，“雨天诗歌”是非盈利组织Mass Poetry和波士顿市的合作“项目(project)”。‎ ‎5．A.record B．describe C．determine D．celebrate 解析：选D　根据空后的“the start of National Poetry Month ‎”可知，第一批安装的诗歌是为了“庆祝(celebrate)”“全国诗歌月”的开始。‎ ‎6．A.added B．related C．compared D．contributed 解析：选A　结合上文中的“The first poems”和空前的“several more”可知，安装好第一批诗歌后，又“增加(added)”了更多的诗歌。‎ ‎7．A.rainy B．foggy C．sunny D．snowy 解析：选C　根据空前的“dry”可知，这些诗歌在干燥、“晴朗的(sunny)”天气里是看不到的。‎ ‎8．A.once B．before C．until D．though 解析：选A　下雨是诗歌出现的必要条件，所以此处填once。‎ ‎9．A.read B．selected C．invented D．translated 解析：选B　根据下文中的“I wanted ... poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，这些诗歌是由波士顿桂冠诗人Danielle Legros Georges“选取(selected)”的。‎ ‎10．A.ticket B．passage C．entrance D．relationship 解析：选D　根据下文中的“the general themes of water and rain”和 “... from poets influential in the Bostonarea literary, educational or cultural fields”可知，所选诗歌都是和波士顿有一定“关系(relationship)”的或其主题是关于水和雨的。‎ ‎11．A.works B．scenes C．figures D．winners 解析：选A　结合上文中的“The poems were ... by Danielle Legros Georges”和下文中的“from poets”可知，Danielle Legros Georges选取的是一些有影响力的诗人的“作品(works)”。‎ ‎12．A.friends B．colleagues C．members D．characters 解析：选C　结合上文中的“The poems were installed”和下文中的“the Mayor’s Mural Crew, an organization”可知，这些诗歌是由一个组织的“成员(members)”安装的。‎ ‎13．A.teaching B．creating C．discovering D．protecting 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Using a waterresistant spray (喷剂) and simple cardboard stencils (模板), the poems can be ... to the sidewalk”可知，这一组织旨在让年轻的艺术家参与“创作 (creating)”公共艺术。‎ ‎14．A.fixed B．applied C．expanded D．turned 解析：选A　根据上文中的“The first poems were installed ... to the city’s streets”可知，这些诗歌被“安装(fixed)”在人行道上。‎ ‎15．A.If B．When C．While D．Unless 解析：选C　“all of the poems ... installed are written in English”和“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ... ones in the many languages”之间是让步关系，故此处填While表示“尽管”。‎ ‎16．A.formally B．currently C．properly D．frequently 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Sara Siegel, program director for the Mass Poetry, hopes to add ...ones in the many languages”可知，“目前(currently)”安装的诗歌都是用英语书写的。‎ ‎17．A.easy B．hard C．old D．new 解析：选D　根据上文中的“hopes to add”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加一些其他语种的“新的(new)”诗歌。‎ ‎18．A.studied B．spoken C．ignored D．preserved 解析：选B　结合上文中的“many languages”和下文中的“throughout Boston”可知，Sara Siegel希望增加在波士顿讲的其他语言写成的诗歌。spoken符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.professional B．personal C．lonely D．daily 解析：选D　结合上文中的 “walking through Boston”和下文中的“at least once or twice a month”可知，Siegel 希望人们在自己“日常的(daily)”生活中能经常看到诗歌。‎ ‎20．A.typical B．familiar C．unusual D．impossible 解析：选C　在人行道上安装诗歌是一种有趣的、“不寻常的(unusual)”方式。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 When Kate’s car ran out of gas on a highway one night six weeks ago, she got into a panic.“I thought I could make it all the way home, but __1__ (obvious) I was wrong，” Kate recalled.“I drove to the side of the road and got out, __2__ (plan) to walk to the nearest gas station.That’s when I met Johnny, a homeless man sitting nearby.Johnny stopped me. Concerned about my __3__ (safe), he told me to get back in the car and lock the doors.I obeyed.A few minutes later, he came back with a gas can that he bought with his last $20.”‎ ‎“__4__ was crazy that he should use all his money on someone he didn’t even know，” Kate added. __5__ (repay) Johnny, Kate returned many times and gave him some money, food and clothes.But she wanted to do more __6__ this man.“Johnny is generous indeed，” said Kate.“He’s got such positive energy, __7__ he’s in that situation.”‎ ‎__8__ (touch) by Johnny’s selflessness, Kate is now raising money online for him.“To my great delight, donations keep pouring in，” said Kate.“So far, over $100,000 __9__ (collect)．He’s indeed a good guy and deserves everything __10__ is coming to him.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。流浪汉Johnny用仅有的20美元帮助了Kate，这让Kate很感动。尽管他处于那样穷困的境况，却拥有强大的正能量。‎ ‎1．obviously　考查副词。由于修饰的是整个句子，需用obvious的副词形式。‎ ‎2．planning　考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语planning to walk to the nearest gas station作伴随状语，逻辑主语I与分词动作plan之间是主动关系。‎ ‎3．safety　考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作Concerned about的宾语，且前面有形容词性物主代词my修饰，故用safe的名词形式safety。‎ ‎4．It　考查代词。It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。‎ ‎5．To repay　考查非谓语动词。To repay Johnny是不定式短语作目的状语。‎ ‎6．for　考查介词。根据句意可知，这里填for表示“为了”。‎ ‎7．though/although　考查状语从句。此处用though/although 引导让步状语从句。尽管他处于那样的境况，却拥有强大的正能量。‎ ‎8．Touched　考查非谓语动词。Touched by Johnny’s selflessness是过去分词短语作状语，表示原因，逻辑主语Kate与分词动作touch之间是被动关系。‎ ‎9．has been collected　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。so far作状语，句子常用现在完成时；主语$100,000是谓语动词动作collect的承受者，用被动语态。金钱作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎10．that　考查定语从句。此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词everything，关系代词在从句中作主语。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Mr.Xie，‎ I’m very exciting to write to you to express my thanks.I am Li Hua, one of the poor children who was crying for knowledge, but couldn’t afford the school fees because my father was ill or my family was deeply in debt.Thank you for give me generous support so that I could have the chance go back to school.Except for the support, I wouldn’t have realized my dream.Your help made many difference to me.I am sure to spread the love to help people in the need.In brief, my appreciation for your kindness can never be expressed in word.Please accept my sincerely gratitude.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：exciting→excited 第二句：第一个was→were; or→and 第三句：give→giving; go前加to 第四句：Except→But 第五句：many→much 第六句：去掉第二个the 第七句：word→words 第八句：sincerely→sincere