【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题代词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题代词学案

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题代词学案 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎[思维导图]‎ 一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 类别 功能 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 作主语 I we you you he she it They 宾格 作宾语 me us you you him her it them 形容词 性物主 代词 作宾语 my our your your his her its their 名词 性物主 代词 作主语、‎ 表语或 宾语 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 反身代词 作宾语、‎ 表语或 同位语 my－self our－self your－self your－selves him－self her－self it－self them－selves ‎ [名师指津] 含有反身代词的习惯用语 help oneself to　随便吃，随便用 hide oneself 把自己藏起来 make yourself at home 别客气，不拘束 say to oneself 心里想 seat oneself 坐下 teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒 behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌 apply oneself to 致力于……‎ by oneself 独自地 of oneself 自动地 二、it的用法 ‎1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等 It is early spring，but it is already hot.‎ 现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。‎ It is twenty miles from here to the village.‎ 从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。‎ ‎2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词 Although he didn’t like it，I decided to see the movie anyway.‎ 尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。‎ ‎3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)‎ What will you call it if it is a boy?‎ 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？‎ ‎4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句 ‎(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：‎ ‎①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/of sb＋不定式 ‎②It is no good/use/useless doing sth ‎③It’s well worth doing...‎ ‎④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder...)/adj.＋that从句 ‎⑤It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb...)＋that从句 ‎⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 ‎⑦It takes sb some time/some money to do sth It is the teachers’ duty to teach the students.‎ 教学生是老师的职责。‎ It is a pity that you can’t go with her.‎ 你不能同她一块去真遗憾。‎ ‎(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：‎ ‎①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb to do/that从句 ‎②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy...＋doing...‎ I find it easy to get on with Jim.‎ 我发现同吉姆相处很容易。‎ He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.‎ 他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。‎ ‎(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。‎ I’d appreciate it if you could attend our party.‎ 如果你能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。‎ 三、替代词 ‎1．one，ones ‎(1)one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，表泛指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。‎ ‎(2)ones替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。‎ Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present，one that I have never seen.‎ 张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。‎ ‎2．the one，the ones ‎(1)the one替代上文出现的可数名词单数，表特指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物，相当于“the＋单数名词”。‎ ‎(2)the ones替代上文出现的复数名词，表特指(有后置定语时相当于those)，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。‎ The apples you bought this morning are the ones imported from Thailand.‎ 你今天上午买的苹果是从泰国进口的。‎ ‎3．that，those ‎(1)that指代与前面提到的相类似但不是同一个事物的名词；指代特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。指代可数名词单数时，相当于the one。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。‎ The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xi’an.‎ 广州的气候比西安的好多了。‎ ‎(2)those 替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。‎ My questions are similar to those/the ones you raised.‎ 我的问题与你提出的问题相似。‎ ‎4．it 替代上文提到的“同一”事物，不能带任何修饰语。‎ We had just rented a car.It looked very old.‎ 我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。‎ 四、不定代词 ‎1．both，all，either，any，neither，none 指代词义 都 任何 都不 两个人或物 both either neither 三个或三个以上的人或物 all any none They both like reading all of the novels.‎ 他们俩都喜欢读所有这些小说。‎ Of all the toys，none of them interests me.‎ 在所有的玩具中，没有一个让我感兴趣。‎ ‎2．one，another，the other，some，others，the others 一个/一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些 单数 one another the other 复数 some others the others I don’t like this hat.Please show me another one.‎ 我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。‎ One of the two towns lies in Germany and the other is in America.‎ 两个小镇中的一个在德国，而另一个是在美国。‎ Some are Chinese; others are Americans.‎ 一些是中国人，另外一些是美国人。‎ There are many books on the table.Some are English，and the others are French.‎ 桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的，其余的是法语的。‎ ‎[名师指津] the other后只能加可数名词(单数或复数)，不能加不可数名词；短语the rest of(剩余的)后既可加可数名词(单数或复数)，也可以加不可数名词。‎ ‎3．none，nobody/no one，nothing 指代 用来回答 相当于 none 人或物 how many/much not a/an/any＋名词或“no＋名词”‎ nobody/no one 人 who not anyone/not anybody nothing 物 what not anything ‎—How much money do you have？你有多少钱？‎ ‎—None.一点也没有。‎ I wished someone could help me，but there was no one at the moment.‎ 我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。‎ You can take whatever you want，but nothing on display is my taste.‎ 你可以拿任何你想要的东西，但在展示的东西没有什么东西合我的口味。‎ ‎4．every，each 词性 功能 意义 every 限定词 作定语 三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调“整体”‎ each 代词，限定词 作主语、宾语、同位语、定语 两个或两个以上中的每一个，强调个体 Almost every student in our class passed the English exam yesterday.‎ 昨天几乎我们班上的每一个学生都通过了英语考试。‎ There are lots of trees on each side of the road.‎ 路两边有许多树。‎ ‎5.many，much，few，little，a few，a little 不同点 相同点 many/‎ much many修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词 两者都表示“许多”‎ few/little few修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词 用于否定句，表示“几乎没有”‎ a few/‎ a little a few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词 用于肯定句，表示“一些”‎ He can speak a little French，but he knows little English.他能说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give________ a try.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) ‎ 答案　it/running　[考查代词或名词。根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running或者直接填running。]‎ ‎2．When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find________(they) alive.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　them　[考查代词。空格前面是动词，空格处应用宾格，故填them。]‎ ‎3．Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.(2018·浙江高考)‎ 答案　it　[考查代词。it作形式主语，不定式to eat out为真正的主语。]‎ ‎4．“She thought I had hurt ________(I)，” says Pahlsson.(2017·浙江高考)‎ 答案　myself　[句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。]‎ ‎5．On my recent visit，I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　its　[句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It’s just on the other side.You have to want it enough，and be willing enough to get it.(2019·杭州模拟)‎ ‎2．Then，after sixty years’ separation，they married each other in their(they)late seventies.(2019·宁波模拟)‎ ‎3．We may like to think of ourselves(us) more important than others，but our happiness sometimes lies in the happiness of other people.(2019·温州模拟)‎ ‎4．Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting，we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.(2019·丽水模拟)‎ ‎5．A short retreat from a much busier life，make a cup of tea and taste it in a quiet place on your own，not only relieving tiredness but also refreshing your (you) soul heartily.(2019·嘉兴模拟)‎ ‎6．They had to chase the overprotective mother away first，so that they (them) could get close enough to rescue the baby.(2019·宁波一中模拟)‎ ‎7．It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.(2019·金华一中模拟)‎ ‎8．Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else.(2019·杭州二中模拟)‎ ‎9．Nobody likes to talk about death，but the reality is—everyone is going to die at one point，but none of us know the day，or the hour.(2019·嘉兴一中冲刺)‎ ‎10．Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.‎ ‎(2019·奉化中学模拟)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·诸暨中学)There was a proud teak tree in the forest.He was tall and strong.There 1.________ (be) a small herb (香草) next to the tree.‎ The teak tree said，“I am very handsome and strong.No one can defeat me.” When 2.________ (hear) this，the herb replied，“Dear friend，too much pride is 3.________ (harm)．Even the strong will fall one day.”‎ The teak ignored the herb’s words.He continued to praise 4.________ (he)．‎ A strong wind blew.The teak stood 5.________ (firm)．Even when it rained，the teak stood strong by spreading his leaves.During these times，6.________ herb bowed low.The teak made fun 7.________ the herb.‎ One day，there was a storm in the forest.The herb bowed low.As usual，the teak did not want to bow.The storm kept growing 8.________ (strong)．The teak could no longer bear it.He felt his strength giving way.He tried his best 9.________ (stand) upright，but in the end，he fell down.That was the end of the proud tree.‎ ‎10．________ everything was calm again，the herb stood straight.He looked around.He saw the proud teak fallen.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了一棵自负的柚木和一株谦虚的香草之间的故事。‎ ‎1．was　[考查动词时态。此处与上文的“There was”呼应，故用一般过去时，表示过去发生或存在的事情。]‎ ‎2．hearing　[考查省略结构。在when引导的状语从句的复合句中，当主从句主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。本句补充完整应该是：When the herb was hearing this。故填hearing。]‎ ‎3．harmful　[考查词性转换。harmful是形容词，作系动词is的表语，符合语境。]‎ ‎4．himself　[考查代词。空处与句子主语He呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。]‎ ‎5．firmly　[考查副词。副词一般修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处是副词firmly修饰动词stood。]‎ ‎6．the　[考查冠词。这里特指文章已经提到过的“herb”‎ ‎，故用定冠词修饰，表示特指。]‎ ‎7．of　[考查介词。make fun of 为固定搭配，意为“取笑”，符合语境，故用介词of。]‎ ‎8．stronger　[考查形容词比较级。与下文中的“The teak could no longer bear it”呼应可知，暴风雨越来越猛烈了，故用形容词比较级。]‎ ‎9．to stand　[考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth为固定搭配，意为“尽最大努力做某事”，故用不定式。]‎ ‎10．When　[考查连词。when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，在句中作时间状语，符合语境。]‎