2020届二轮复习(二)冠　词

2020届二轮复习(二)冠　词

‎2020届二轮复习 (二)冠　词 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 冠词的基本用法　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ 解析：the　此处特指过去的25年，故用the past 25 years。‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.‎ 解析：the　top是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶，所以填定冠词the。‎ ‎3．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.‎ 解析：a　此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词，表示“一，一名”，且model的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ ‎4．(2017•11月浙江高考)It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's ________ ongoing process.‎ 解析：an　此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，因为单词ongoing的读音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。‎ ‎5．(2017•6月浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was __________ wonder.‎ 解析：a　wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，且wonder的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎6．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 解析：the　在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词the。‎ ‎7．(2015•广东高考)He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 解析：a　此处指一个农场，表示泛指，且farm的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎8．(2014•全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ 解析：the　此空后为形容词的最高级形式，故应填定冠词the。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.________________‎ 解析：the→a　kid在此处表泛指，且kid的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 ‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：first前加the/my　表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用形容词性物主代词my进行修饰。‎ ‎3．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：第一个a→an/one　hour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以用an/one hour表示“一个小时”。‎ ‎4．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.________________‎ 解析：world前加the　此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。‎ ‎5．(2016•四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.________________‎ 解析：kitchen前加the　此处特指“我们家”的厨房。‎ ‎6．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ)He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.________________‎ 解析：outside后的a→the　此处用定冠词特指上文提到的商店。‎ ‎7．(2014•全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.________________‎ 解析：去掉第一个the　此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)不定冠词 表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。 A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.‎ 表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。 I have a question to ask you.‎ In a sense what you said is true.‎ All of a sudden, she burst into tears.‎ Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.‎ 表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。 Suddenly they heard a loud voice.‎ 表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。 Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton.‎ 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一种……的人或事” He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us.‎ 不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。 Live a good, honorable life.Then when you get older and think back, you'll get to enjoy it a second time.‎ ‎(二)定冠词 表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明确的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 Take your time — it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.‎ 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。 The earth goes around the sun.‎ 用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。 Is this the first time that you have visited Qingdao？‎ 用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.‎ 用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 It's said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.‎ ‎(三)零冠词 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。 He is living in Canada now.‎ 季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。 We usually have breakfast at 7 o'clock.‎ 语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。 I'm interested in English.‎ 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.”‎ 系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。 His brother has turned writer.‎ ‎“(零冠词＋)单数名词/形容词最高级＋as/though(＋主语＋谓语)”，意为“尽管……但是……”。 Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.‎ ‎ ‎ 冠词的固定搭配　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.‎ 解析：the　at the top of one's lungs为固定搭配，意为“尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地”。‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ 解析：a　as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎3．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ 解析：the　one ...the other为固定搭配，意为“一个……另一个……”。此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。‎ ‎4．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ 解析：a　for a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎5．(2014•广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor.‎ 解析：the　on the top floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：countryside前加the　go to the countryside是固定用法，意为“去乡下”。‎ ‎2．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.________________‎ 解析：去掉the　at first“起初”，为固定短语。‎ ‎3．(2015•浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.________________‎ 解析：hurry前加a　in a hurry“匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。‎ ‎4．(2014•全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________________‎ 解析：As后加a　as a result“结果”，为固定短语。‎ ‎5．(2014•辽宁高考)Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.________________‎ 解析：第一个a→an　an average of ...“平均有……”，为固定短语。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)不定冠词用于固定搭配中 an average of平均　　　　　 for a while一会儿 as a result因此 as a rule 通常 as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact 事实上 at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙 in a word总之 in a sense在某种意义上 in a way在某种程度上 in a short while不久 keep an eye on照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访 put an end to结束 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然 be on a diet节食 have a gift for有……天赋 have/catch a cold感冒 make a living谋生 ‎ have/take a rest休息 give sb.a lift让某人搭便车 ‎(二)定冠词用于固定搭配中 in the middle of 在……中间 in the end 最后 by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处 in the way挡道 on the whole总的来说 at the same time同时 on the other hand另一方面 to tell the truth说实话 for the time being暂时 on the spot在现场 on the top floor在顶层 the other day前几天 take the place of代替 at the moment此刻，目前 in the countryside在乡村 make the most/best of 充分利用 one ...the other ... 一个……，另一个……‎ ‎(三)零冠词用于固定搭配中 at present目前　　　　　　 take part in参加 in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧 on purpose故意 on second thoughts再一想 ahead of time提前 in advance提前 by law根据法律 by mistake错误地 under repair处于维修中 lose heart灰心 out of control失控 out of work失业 in danger处于危险之中 at risk处境危险；遭受危险 day and night 整日整夜 from morning till night 从早到晚 ‎ ‎ 语法填空解题“2定向”‎ ‎1．根据泛指或特指选择冠词 如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。‎ ‎(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”一般填the; ‎ ‎(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。‎ ‎2．根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词 英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．She stayed up until eleven thirty one evening on purpose just to see the moonlight.‎ ‎2．In Chinese culture, each year is related to a Chinese animal according to the 12year cycle.‎ ‎3．He not only is the best student in our class, but also has an excellent sense of humour and a genuine interest in other people.‎ ‎4．Like many other universities at that time, Harvard at the early stage often ran into a financial crisis.‎ ‎5．Dinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident.‎ ‎6．The “Spiderstory” is often told.Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave from the English.‎ 据第2条解题 ‎7．As a matter of fact, there are two trophies (奖杯) in history.‎ ‎8．For most individuals, as a result of eating foods rich in fats and sugar several years, they choose to go on a diet but do not succeed at the end.‎ ‎9．He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for a long time.‎ ‎10．It is also a cultural bridge between Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share the same festival culture of watersplashing.‎ ‎11．I usually go to my workplace coffee shop to place an order, but this Wednesday, it was slightly different.‎ ‎12．At the same time, great progress made in science and technology was really amazing.‎ 短文改错解题“4视角”‎ ‎1．注意单词首字母的音素 看到读音以辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到应用不定冠词a(n)。‎ ‎2．明确特指与泛指 如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the，泛指用a/an。‎ ‎3．掌握可数与不可数 看到单数可数名词要想到是否少用了冠词；看到不可数名词表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠词。‎ ‎4．记熟固定搭配 牢记含冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．Last but not least, we should take a active part in sports and build up our body.a→an ‎2．Besides, this will be my first experience to participate in such a activity.a→an 据第2条解题 ‎3．On entering the flat, you will find yourself in the sitting room.To be honest, a sitting room is my favourite part.a→the ‎4．Zhang Wei was watching TV while his father was preparing dinner in the kitchen on an evening ‎ of January 9th. an→the ‎5．It is the great honour for me to take part in the volunteer work, and I learn the significance of helping others. 第一个the→a 据第3条解题 ‎6．It started when teacher set up a volleyball club in our school, hoping that more students would take part in the sport and keep fit.teacher前加a ‎7．Last summer vacation, I worked in restaurant. restaurant前加a ‎8．The blogs serves as open platform where you can do lots of things.open前加an 据第4条解题 ‎9．Though there are a lot of changes, the great number of men still guard their rights. the→a ‎10．Mr Yang found me and apologized to me for his sharp words next day.next前加the ‎11．With his help, we have made a great progress.去掉a ‎12．When the landlady discovered what had happened, she decided to do him favor.favor前加a ‎[语篇综合检测] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 As an exchange student, Wei Hua studied in a British high school for one year.She was happy __1__ the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9：00 a．m. and ends around 3：30 p．m.‎ On the first day, all the new students __2__ (attend) an assembly in the school hall.Wei Hua sat next to a girl __3__ name was Diana.During the assembly, the headmaster told the students that the best way to earn respect was to devote __4__ (they) to study and achieve high __5__ (grade)．As there were many students in her class, it was a struggle for Wei Hua __6__ (remember) all the faces and names.Although the homework was not as heavy as what she used to get in her old school, it was a bit __7__ (challenge) for her at first because all the homework was in English.__8__ (lucky), all her teachers gave her much encouragement.To improve her English, Wei Hua used English every day and spent __9__ hour each day reading English books in the library.‎ In a word, __10__ (study) in Britain was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for Wei Hua.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了魏华在英国上高中的学习经历。‎ ‎1．with　考查介词。be happy with“对……感到满意的”，是固定用法。‎ ‎2．attended　考查动词的时态。由下文可知，此处讲述过去的事，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．whose　考查定语从句引导词。所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，修饰名词name，故填whose。‎ ‎4．themselves　考查代词。devote oneself to sth.“全神贯注于某事”，是固定短语。‎ ‎5．grades　考查名词复数。grade是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。‎ ‎6．to remember　考查非谓语动词。“it is ...for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，表示“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，故填to remember。‎ ‎7．challenging　考查词性转换。空处作表语，表示“富于挑战性的”，应用形容词challenging。‎ ‎8．Luckily　考查词性转换。空处作状语，修饰整个句子，表示“幸运地”，应用副词luckily。‎ ‎9．an　考查冠词。此处表示“每天花一个小时读英语”，hour的读音以元音音素开头，故不定冠词用an。‎ ‎10．studying　考查非谓语动词。作主语，表示泛指性动作，应用动名词。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Last year, I went shopping in a department store.Little do I know that I was heading for a very new experience.While I was walking around the store, I happened to see the foreigner trying to explain herself with a salesman.Gathering her courage, I decided to step in and helped her.Fortunately, I could understand that she was talking about, so I just translated it into Chinese.I felt glad for able to help her and talk with her.She said that she was a student like me and was touring China lonely.She told me about some experience she had touring the country.Although in the future I won't see her again, but it's good to meet someone like her from another country.‎ 答案：第二句：do→did 第三句：第二个the→a; with→to 第四句：第一个her→my; helped→help 第五句：that→what 第六句：able前加being 第七句：lonely→alone 第八句：experience→experiences 第九句：去掉but或but→yet