【英语】2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案（43页word版）

【英语】2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案（43页word版）

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案 高考对语法的显性考查主要体现在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中，为突出重点、精准备考，本部分主要讲解这两个题型常考的20条语法规则。‎ 一、名词变复数必记的两条规则 ‎1.词尾是-s，-x，-ch，-sh时，一般加-es。‎ bus公共汽车→buses coach 教练→coaches ‎2.词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i，再加-es，元音字母＋y时直接加s。‎ enemy→enemies敌人 hobby→hobbies业余爱好 toy→toys玩具 二、高考常考的16个纯不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式，前面也不能用 a/an。‎ advice，baggage/luggage，furniture，homework，knowledge，information，news，progress，traffic，energy，equipment，fun，health，wealth，weather，work 三、不定冠词a/an的用法区别 ‎1.当紧跟着冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)时用a。‎ 注意：hour，honest，honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。‎ ‎2.当紧跟着冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)时用an。‎ 注意：useful，university，usual，united，European，one-eyed，one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a。‎ 四、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 主格 I you he/‎ she/‎ it we you they 人称代词 宾格 me you him/‎ her/‎ it us you them 物主代词 形容词性 my your his/‎ her/‎ its our your their 名词性 mine yours his/‎ hers/‎ its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself/‎ herself/‎ itself ourselves yourselves themselves ‎1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语；‎ ‎2.人称代词的宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语；‎ ‎3.形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语；‎ ‎4.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，但不能单独作定语；‎ ‎5.反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。‎ 五、不定代词both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法区别 都 任何 一个 都不 ‎(全部否定)‎ 部分否定 两者 both either neither＝‎ not either both和 not连用 三者或 三者以上 all any none＝not any all和 not连用 六、不定代词the other，other，another，others的用法区别 another 表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”‎ I don’t like this one，please show me another.我不喜欢这一个，请给我另一个。‎ the other 表示“(两者中的)另一个”‎ He has two brothers，one is a teacher，the other is a doctor.他有两个弟弟，一个是老师，另一个是医生。‎ other 表示“其余的，另外的”‎ We learn Chinese，English，math and other subjects.‎ 我们学习汉语、英语、数学和其他学科。‎ others 另外一些，别人 Some students are doing homework，but others are talking loudly.一些学生正在做作业，但是其他的在大声讲话。‎ 七、it的用法 ‎1.指代词 it可指代前面提到的同一个人或物，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象；还指代环境、情形、时间、地点、距离、天气、季节、度量衡单位等。‎ ‎2.形式主语或宾语 it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词-ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。‎ ‎3.固定用法 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成一些固定结构，这类动词有like，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等。‎ it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is no wonder that “难怪……”；make it“成功；确定时间为……”；when it comes to...“当提到……”等。‎ 八、表示时间的at，on和in的用法区别 at 表示某个时间点、时刻等 on 表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等 in 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等 九、表示“用……”的by，in，with by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词 by boat，by air in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前 in English，in ink with 多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前 with a hammer 十、词形变化中的双写辅音字母的情况 一个元音＋一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节中，变现在分词、过去式/过去分词和比较级/最高级时，要双写辅音字母 stop→stopping→stopped hot→hotter→hottest 要注意如果双音节的单词是重读闭音节，同样要双写辅音字母 refer→referring→referred prefer→preferring→preferred admit→admitting→admitted permit→permitting→permitted 十一、形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化 记住表示“好坏多少”的单词的比较级和最高级 good/well→better→best bad/badly→worse→worst many/much→more→most little→less→least 十二、形容词变副词后缀的特别规则 以e结尾的一般不去e，直接加-ly immediate→immediately 去e加-ly true→truly ‎“辅音字母＋y”结尾，改-y为-i，再加-ly happy→happily 以-ic结尾，加-ally economic→economically，‎ scientific→scientifically 十三、主动形式表示被动意义2种情况 当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等作系动词后面接形容词时 The flowers smell sweet.‎ 花儿散发着芳香。‎ 当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时 This kind of cloth washes easily.‎ 这种布料容易洗。‎ 十四、被动形式表示主动意义的几种表达 be seated“坐着”；be hidden“躲藏”；‎ After the dark，he was lost in the forest.‎ be lost“迷路”；be drunk“喝醉”；be dressed“穿着”‎ 天黑后，他在森林里迷路了。‎ 作状语、定语或补足语时，要用过去分词 Dressed in a black coat，he went out.‎ 穿着一件黑色大衣，他出去了。‎ 十五、主谓一致注意的几个问题 定语从句中主谓一致 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。‎ 非谓语和主语从句作主语 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ 就近原则 由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ 就远原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ 十六、动名词和不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语 ‎1.不定式作宾语：下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。‎ 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎2.动名词作宾语：下列动词常接动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。‎ 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。‎ 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。‎ 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。‎ consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，imagine，risk；can’t ‎ help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape 下列短语常接动名词作宾语：‎ be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can’t stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank you for，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time(in)。‎ 十七、可作宾语补足语的3种非谓语动词 ‎1.不定式作宾语补足语 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，enable，encourage，forbid，force，hire，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit等。‎ Father will not allow us to play on the street.‎ 父亲不会让我们在街上玩耍的。‎ He commanded us to finish the work in an hour.‎ 他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。‎ 在感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，look at，listen to等后作宾语补足语时，不带to，表示主动和全过程。‎ A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.‎ 一位妇女经过时看见发生了这件事。‎ 在使役动词make，let，have等后作宾语补足语时，不带to。‎ His mother made him sweep the floor every day.‎ 他母亲让他每天扫地板。‎ 注意：以动词let，have，make，watch，see，hear等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，原句的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，此时的不定式符号to要加上。‎ He was made to sing an English song at the party.‎ 他被指定在晚会上唱一首英语歌。‎ ‎2.现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行 Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.‎ 有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。‎ 常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，have，keep，leave，send，set，listen to，look at等。‎ ‎3.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动完成 常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。‎ The teacher won’t like the problem discussed at the moment.‎ 老师不希望此刻讨论这个问题。‎ 十八、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词(doing)表示主动、进行 Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.当今，空中更多的飞机运载着比以往更多的人。‎ 过去分词(done)表示被动、完成 The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.2012年建造的这座桥是由当地的一家公司设计的。‎ 注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。‎ On hearing the exciting news，she shouted in an excited voice.‎ 一听到这个令人激动的消息，她激动地喊了起来。‎ 十九、不定式作后置定语的三种情况 由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。‎ I don’t think Henry is the best man to do the job.‎ 我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。‎ 由only，last，next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。‎ Owen was the next person to arrive.‎ 欧文是下一个到的人。‎ 当被修饰的名词(代词)是ability，attempt，chance，decision，desire，plan，need，intention，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等词时，常用不定式作定语。‎ You have no right to do such a thing.‎ 你无权这样做。‎ He was lucky to get the good chance to go abroad for further study.‎ 他很幸运得到了那个去国外进修的好机会。‎ 二十、定语从句中关系代词(that/which)和关系副词(when/where)的区别 准确判断引导词在定语从句中所作的成分，从而正确判断出是填关系代词还是关系副词。‎ 关系代词(that/which)在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语 I still remember the day (which/that we spent happily together).我仍然记得我们一起愉快度过的那一天。‎ This is the museum (which/that holds a large ancient collection).这是那个拥有大量古代藏品的博物馆。‎ 关系副词(when/where) 在定语从句中作状语 I still remember the day (when I first came to Beijing).我仍然记得我初次来北京的那一天。‎ This is the museum (where we saw the famous painting).这是我们在那儿看到那幅著名画作的博物馆。‎ ‎【即时训练】‎ Many people love proverbs for their wisdom.Proverbs are most impressive because they express a lot of informations in just a few words.A good proverb sums up ideas what are sometimes hard to express.And the person listening immediately understands it.‎ Proverbs come ordinary people and famous people.These two sources are not always difference.Common and popular wisdom has often been used by famous people.And something said or writing down by well-known people have often been borrowed by the common man.For an example，“Bad news travels fast” probable comes from the experience of housewives.‎ We used proverbs everywhere in the world.If we can understand a culture’s proverbs，you can better understand the culture itself.‎ 答案　‎ Many people love proverbs for their wisdom.Proverbs are most impressive because they express a lot of in just a few words.A good proverb sums up ideas are sometimes hard to express.And the person listening immediately understands it.‎ Proverbs come ordinary people and famous people.These two sources are not always .Common and popular wisdom has often been used by famous people.And something said or down by well-known people often been borrowed by the common man.For example，“Bad news travels fast” comes from the experience of housewives.‎ We proverbs everywhere in the world.If we can understand a culture’s proverbs， can better understand the culture itself.‎ 语法填空专练 A ‎(2019·长春高三质量监测)When it comes to your brain，researchers have found there’s no better superfood than a book.According to the data 1. (collect)by the University of Michigan’s Health and Retirement Study，a 2. (hope) pattern came out：people who read books for as little as 30 minutes a day over several years were living an average of two years 3. (long)than people who didn’t read anything at all.‎ Strange still，as science reminds us，reading books—especially fiction—4. (force) your brain to think critically and make 5. (connection)from one chapter to another，and to the outside world.Also，reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction，6. in turn can lower stress levels.‎ But it doesn’t mean that magazines，newspapers and web articles are useless.Any reading material that fills your mind and enlarges your vocabulary seems 7. (carry)mental benefits.Therefore，whether you’re reading a page-turner or simply scanning 8. instruction for your coffee maker，many parts of your brain 9. (involve)in positive thinking.Still not inspired to give 10. a try?‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，阅读益处多多，建议读者多读书。‎ ‎1.collected　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，collect和其逻辑主语the data构成动宾关系，与介词“by”呼应，故填其过去分词形式collected。]‎ ‎2.hopeful　[考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词hopeful修饰名词“pattern”，在句子中作定语。]‎ ‎3.longer　[考查形容词的比较级。根据语境中的比较级标志“than”可知，此处表示比较的含义，故填longer。]‎ ‎4.forces　‎ ‎[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为动名词短语“reading books”，句子谓语用单数形式，故填forces。]‎ ‎5.connections　[考查名词的单复数。connection是可数名词，与该句中的“from one chapter to another”呼应，表示复数概念，且其前无限定词修饰，故填connections。]‎ ‎6.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个句子，故用which来引导该从句。]‎ ‎7.to carry　[考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth为固定用法，故此处用不定式作宾语，故填to carry。]‎ ‎8.an　[考查冠词。instruction意为“操作指南”时是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]‎ ‎9.are involved　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语many parts of your brain为复数，be involved in“涉及，参与”符合语境，故填are involved。]‎ ‎10.it/reading　[考查代词或名词。空处表示对本文主题“阅读”的再次点题，故填代词it或名词reading。]‎ B ‎(2019·武汉四月调研)The game of Go(围棋)is an important board game with origins in China from more than 2，500 years ago.In China，Go 1. (recognize)as“hand conversations”as well，through which players communicate with each other.2. other words，they“talk”through the placing of pieces on the board.The metaphor(暗喻)first 3. (use)by Zhi Daolin，reflects the nature of the game.While scholars of his time often lost 4. (they)in philosophical(哲学的)debates on life and universe，he preferred to play Go，5. he believed was full of hows and whys of life.‎ Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real-life game；sometimes one can move forward，while at other times，one must slow down；sometimes one can 6. (direct)face the challenger，at other times one must take an indirect approach.Appropriate placement of each tiny Go piece is similar to 7. one might solve a difficult problem of life.The purpose of 8. (play)Go is ‎ not just to win but also，more importantly，to seek 9. (wise)through the process.The players unite with each other on the board.Instead of fighting as 10. (enemy)，they cooperate to play a good game.One thoughtless move could ruin the enjoyment.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了下围棋这项游戏。下围棋的过程是双方合作的过程，也反映了人生的智慧。‎ ‎1.is recognized　[考查动词的语态、时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处表示“围棋被认为是手谈”，Go和recognize之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，且主语Go为第三人称单数，故填is recognized。]‎ ‎2.In　[考查介词。In other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”。]‎ ‎3.used　[考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主语The metaphor和use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作定语。]‎ ‎4.themselves　[考查代词。此处表示“尽管与他同时代的有学问的人都把他们自己沉迷于人生和宇宙的哲学辩论上。”lose oneself in意为“沉迷于……”。]‎ ‎5.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为“Go”，故用which。]‎ ‎6.directly　[考查词形转换。此处修饰动词face应用副词directly。]‎ ‎7.how　[考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，空处在从句中作方式状语，故用how。]‎ ‎8.playing　[考查非谓语动词。介词of后面要用动名词，故填playing。]‎ ‎9.wisdom　[考查词形转换。动词seek后面缺少宾语，故填名词wisdom。]‎ ‎10.enemies　[考查名词的单复数。根据空后的they可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。]‎ C ‎(2019·大连高三双基测试)The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，as the 1. (long) cross-sea bridge in the world, is expected 2. (have) 5G service in the future，according to Fang Zheng，vice general manager of the WLAN office of ZTE Corp.，the bridge’s network 3. (operate).‎ The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，4. opened on ‎ Oct.24，2018，connects the mainland province of Guangdong with the country’s two special administrative regions，Hong Kong and Macao.‎ ‎“The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge now has good coverage of 4G service，”said Fang.“Experts and workers have overcome the difficulties of a complex construction environment and the lack 5. an optical fiber(光纤) to provide tailored 4G solutions for the bridge and prepare for the future upgrading of 5G service.It can be seen as 6. unique application of wireless technology，highlighting the high-quality products and 7. (advance) technology provided by China’s Communication Section.”‎ ‎8. (actual)，the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is now ready for the access of Internet of Things，a major business to be achieved by 5G technology.Since the very beginning，the technological base needed for 5G 9. (consider) in terms of network architecture，room for 5G station as well 10. the installment (安装) of fiber.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。港珠澳大桥有望在未来开通5G网络服务。‎ ‎1.longest　[考查形容词的最高级。根据语境及空前的“the”可知，此处表示作为世界上最长的跨海大桥，故填形容词的最高级。]‎ ‎2.to have　[考查非谓语动词。此处表示未来有望开通5G网络服务。此处 be expected to do sth意为“有望……”，为固定用法，所以此处用动词不定式。]‎ ‎3.operator　[考查词形转换。此处表示大桥的网络运营方。故用operator。]‎ ‎4.which　[考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which。 ]‎ ‎5.of　[考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处lack为名词，lack of sth意为“缺乏某物”，为固定用法。]‎ ‎6.a　[考查冠词。此处表示它可以被看作是无线技术的一种独特应用。application作“应用”讲时，可用作可数名词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎7.advanced　‎ ‎[考查形容词。此处表示由中国通信部提供的先进技术。此处应用形容词修饰名词 technology，故填advanced。]‎ ‎8.Actually　[考查副词。句意：实际上，港珠澳大桥现已准备好接入物联网，物联网是5G技术将要实现的一项重要业务。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。]‎ ‎9.has been considered　[考查时态与语态。根据句首的“Since”可知，主句应用现在完成时；主语 the technological base与consider之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态。 ]‎ ‎10.as　[考查固定搭配。分析句子结构可知，network architecture，room for 5G station以及the installment(安装)of fiber构成并列关系，故用as well as“也，还”。]‎ D Senior citizens are the first to come to our mind when we think of hearing loss，but in a recent report，hearing professionals worry teenagers will soon outnumber aging adults 1. it comes to living with hearing loss.‎ The rise in popularity of personal audio devices from iPods to smart phones has had dangerous effect on the ears of those who use them most—teenagers！A study 2. (conduct)by the World Health Organization finds that nearly 50% of teens 3. (fall)into the habit of exposing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.‎ A sound is considered unsafe when it goes beyond 85 decibels(分贝).At that level，it takes just 8 hours of listening over your lifetime to cause damage.The louder the sound is，the 4. (little)time it takes to cause damage.Because hearing loss is 5. (typical)considered a health problem for the elderly，it is difficult to convince already stubborn teenagers that they really are doing damage 6. their ears.‎ Young adults 7. have been exposed to noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms.Their 8. (able)to learn is compromised，and they may have difficulty developing social skills.‎ In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing，we suggest 9. (set)volume limits on personal audio devices.10. is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了青少年听力下降的原因并提出了相应的应对策略。‎ ‎1.when　[考查固定用法。when it comes to sth...意为“当涉及某事时”，故填when。]‎ ‎2.conducted　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词conduct和句子主语A study构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填其过去分词作定语。]‎ ‎3.have fallen　[考查时态。根据句子中的时间状语“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又因主语是teens，故填have fallen。]‎ ‎4.less　[考查形容词的比较级。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……越……”，根据该句中的“The louder”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填less。]‎ ‎5.typically　[考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词typically修饰其后的动词“considered”，在句子中作状语。]‎ ‎6.to　[考查介词。do damage to“对……造成损害”是固定用法，故此处应填介词to。]‎ ‎7.who/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Young adults，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]‎ ‎8.ability　[考查词性转换。根据语境及空前的形容词性物主代词Their可知，此处应用名词；又根据空后的“is”可知，此处应填名词的单数形式，故填ability。]‎ ‎9.setting　[考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，并结合语境可知，此处应填setting。]‎ ‎10.It　[考查代词。It＋系动词＋形容词＋to do sth是固定句型，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，故填It。]‎ A ‎(2019·合肥高三质量检测)‎ People’s fingernails and toenails，according 1. a recent study，are nowadays growing more quickly.Research carried out at the University of North Carolina indicates that the speed at 2. human nails are growing 3. (increase)by close to 25 per cent over the last 70 years.‎ The results of the study show that the average human fingernail now grows about 3.5 mm a month，4. (compare)with just 3 mm seven decades ago.Toenail growth，although only about 2 mm per month，was also up on the figure obtained in 5. similar survey done 70 years ago.‎ Researchers put the rapid increase down to changes in lifestyle，particularly the greater awareness of the 6. (important)of regular exercise and a healthy diet.This，they point out，is in line with similar 7. (trend)in the height and weight of present-day adults.8. (interesting)，it appears that nails tend 9. (grow)fastest in warmer conditions，with the 10. (quick)growth rate among young people，and men.The fastest-growing nail is on the middle finger，while that on the little finger is by far the slowest，at only a little over 3 mm each month.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。现代社会，人们的指甲为什么越长越快？研究人员的最新研究给出了答案。‎ ‎1.to　[考查介词。according to...意为“根据……”，为固定搭配。]‎ ‎2.which　[考查关系代词。at which引导定语从句，修饰先行词speed。]‎ ‎3.has increased　[考查时态。根据时间状语over the last 70 years可知，此处应用现在完成时。]‎ ‎4.compared　[考查非谓语动词。compare与其逻辑主语3.5 mm a month之间是动宾关系，故用compared。]‎ ‎5.a　[考查冠词。survey为可数名词，此处表泛指，故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎6.importance　[考查名词。设空处由定冠词the修饰，故应填名词。]‎ ‎7.trends　[考查名词复数。设空处后面的in the height and weight of present-day adults为复数概念，故应填trend的复数形式。]‎ ‎8.Interestingly　[考查副词。设空处作状语，故应用副词形式。]‎ ‎9.to grow　[考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”，为固定搭配。]‎ ‎10.quickest　[考查形容词的最高级。设空处由the修饰，且由前面的fastest可知，应填quick的最高级形式。]‎ B ‎(2019·福建省高三质量检查)‎ In 551 BC, Kongzi was born to a poor family in the province of Shandong.Kongzi 1. (know) in the Western world as Confucius.‎ Confucius saw many problems in the world in 2. he lived.He wanted to help make improvements 3. (change) the world for the better.In order to get into a position of influence, Confucius tried to get himself appointed (任命) as an advisor to 4. number of different government officials.5. (unfortunate), he failed and then set out to become a teacher.‎ Confucius believed 6. peace and order.He felt everyone had a proper role in society, and if people were willing to accept their role and behave well，the world would be 7. (peace).So Confucius laid out what he called ethics (伦理).These ethics outlined 8. a person should treat others.One of the most important ethics outlined the responsibilities of children to respect and listen to their parents and other elders.‎ During 9. (he) own lifetime, Confucius’ teachings were not widely accepted.However, within a hundred years they were being used by the emperor to help him rule, and finally became a widely 10. (follow)philosophy.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了孔子的思想及其对后世的影响。‎ ‎1.is known　[此处是对一般事实的描述，应用一般现在时，且Kongzi与know之间是被动关系，故填is known。]‎ ‎2.which　[设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词world，且在从句中作in的宾语，故填which。]‎ ‎3.to change　[“帮助改进”的目的是为了“把世界变得更好”，故填to change。]‎ ‎4.a　[a number of意为“许多”。]‎ ‎5.Unfortunately　[设空处修饰整个句子，表示“不幸地”，故填Unfortunately。]‎ ‎6.in　[believe in意为“信仰”。]‎ ‎7.peaceful　[设空处作表语，表示“和平的”，故填peaceful。]‎ ‎8.how　[设空处引导从句作outlined的宾语，且在从句中作方式状语，故填how。]‎ ‎9.his　[设空处限定lifetime(终生)，故填his。]‎ ‎10.followed　[设空处作定语修饰philosophy，又因为follow与philosophy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且follow所表示的动作已完成，故填followed。]‎ C One-eighth of all 1. (know)bird species are threatened with extinction(灭绝)，warns a global report.That is 1，469 species 2. danger out of almost 11，000.‎ Farming is 3. biggest threat：1，091 of the threatened bird species are in trouble because of the growth of agriculture.Farms now occupy six times as much of Earth’s land surface as they 4. (do)over 300 years ago，5. (rise)from 6 to 38 percent between 1700 and today.‎ ‎“It’s being driven by changing human consumption 6. (pattern)，particularly an increasing switch to a high-meat diet，”says Tris Allinson of BirdLife International.“Today，two-and-a-half times more people are overweight 7. undernourished(营养不良的).”‎ The growth of agriculture is destroying bird habitats.Farms are spreading out onto ever more land to grow things like cocoa，sugar，and coffee.This loss of habitat is even putting 8. (press)on relatively common species，like turtle doves in Europe and Asia and grey parrots in Africa.“The trend we’re 9. (real)noticing is seeing more familiar，widespread species in trouble，”says Allinson.‎ Allinson says we can save many of the threatened birds.“We do know how 10. (improve)degraded ecosystems，and we can farm more effectively，”he says.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。耕地的增多破坏了鸟类的栖息地，进而威胁到了鸟类的生存。‎ ‎1.known　[考查形容词。设空处作bird species的定语，且意为“已知的”，故填known。]‎ ‎2.in　[考查介词。in danger意为“在危险中”。]‎ ‎3.the　[考查定冠词。形容词最高级前需用定冠词the。]‎ ‎4.did　[考查时态。由over 300 years ‎ ago可知设空处所表示的动作发生在过去，故填did，代替occupied the Earth’s land surface。]‎ ‎5.rising　[考查非谓语动词。Farms与rise之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且rise所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故填rising。]‎ ‎6.patterns　[考查名词复数。pattern是可数名词，由changing(变化的)可知此处应填其复数形式。]‎ ‎7.than　[考查连词。由two-and-a-half times more people可知，此处指超重的人是营养不良的人的2.5倍，故需填than。]‎ ‎8.pressure(s)　[考查名词。设空处作putting的宾语，且意为“压力”，此时pressure既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，故填pressure(s)。]‎ ‎9.really　[考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词really。]‎ ‎10.to improve　[考查非谓语动词。此处用“疑问词＋不定式”构成的不定式短语作know的宾语，故填to improve。]‎ D ‎(2019·南昌二模)The traditional Chinese name chop(名章)or seal has been used for thousands of years.1. is quite likely that people began using name chops because Chinese characters are so complex and few people in ancient times 2. (be)able to read and write.In addition，chops date back to a time 3. there was no other form of 4. (identify)such as ID cards.‎ A chop also served as a valid signature.All official 5. (document)in China needed a chop to be valid.Today，most Chinese are educated，but the tradition 6. (keep)alive in China.‎ If you spend any length of time in China，you will almost 7. (certain)need to have a chop.If you’re staying a short time，a chop makes a(n) 8. (amaze)souvenir.A chop can be made quickly，but first you will need to have your name 9. (translate)into Chinese characters.‎ There are many different sizes and styles of chops.Inexpensive small chops can be carved 10. wood or plastic—upmarket chops are made from ivory，jade，marble or steel.Only a special type of slow-drying red ink is used for a name chop，so if you buy a chop in China，get an inkpad(印泥盒)too.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的印章文化。‎ ‎1.It　[考查it的用法。本句中that引导的从句是真正的主语，故用It作形式主语。]‎ ‎2.were　[考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是people，再根据其后置定语in ancient times可知应用一般过去时，故设空处填were。]‎ ‎3.when　[考查关系副词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词time且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。]‎ ‎4.identification　[考查名词。设空处前面是介词of，故此处填名词identification。]‎ ‎5.documents　[考查名词复数。document是可数名词，根据设空处前面的All可知此处填其复数形式documents。]‎ ‎6.is kept　[考查时态和语态。tradition与keep之间是被动关系，再根据本句开头的时间状语Today可知用一般现在时，故设空处填is kept。]‎ ‎7.certainly　[考查副词。设空处修饰动词need，故填副词certainly。]‎ ‎8.amazing　[考查形容词。设空处修饰名词souvenir且意为“令人惊讶的”，故填形容词amazing。]‎ ‎9.translated　[考查非谓语动词。have sth done是固定搭配，表示“使某事被做”。]‎ ‎10.from　[考查介词。be carved from后加材料，意为“用……雕刻而成”。]‎ A ‎(2019·江西省五校协作体一模)‎ Celebrities like Olivia Munn，as well as many fashion houses，are among those 1. have taken a stand against wearing animal fur.Now，San Francisco has become the 2. (large)city in the USA to ban retailers(零售商)from selling new fur to their consumers.Thus，3. strong message is sent to the fur industry that the 4. (cruel)these animals suffer for the purpose of becoming clothing is not consistent with the values of the city.‎ In 2011 West Hollywood became the first American city 5. (forbid)the ‎ sale of new fur items，and Berkeley passed a ban 6. the sale of fur clothes last year.Additionally，in 2000，the UK led that charge，7. (follow)by Australia in 2004.The Netherlands，the European Union’s largest producer of fur，banned fur farming in 2012.Earlier this month，Norway banned fur farming and fox and will end mink(貂)farming by 2025.‎ San Francisco’s ban 8. (take)into effect since January 1，2019. 9. (hopeful)，efforts like this will continue to encourage retailers，consumers，and beyond，to stop 10. (purchase)real animal fur and，thus，further protect the lives of animals everywhere.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国旧金山市出台的一项禁令——禁止交易使用动物皮毛材料制成的商品。‎ ‎1.who/that　[考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those(指人)且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]‎ ‎2.largest　[考查形容词最高级。由设空处前的the及表示范围的in the USA可知此处应用最高级，故填largest。]‎ ‎3.a　[考查冠词。message是可数名词且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎4.cruelty　[考查名词。设空处作suffer的宾语且前面有the，故填名词cruelty。]‎ ‎5.to forbid　[考查非谓语动词。the first...to do sth意为“第一个做某事的……”。]‎ ‎6.on　[考查介词。a ban on sth是固定搭配，意为“有关……的禁令”。]‎ ‎7.followed　[考查非谓语动词。follow与其逻辑主语the UK之间是动宾关系，故填过去分词followed。]‎ ‎8.has taken　[考查时态。根据时间状语since January 1，2019可知，应用现在完成时。]‎ ‎9.Hopefully　[考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，故填副词Hopefully。]‎ ‎10.purchasing　[考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。]‎ B ‎(2019·洛阳高三质量检测)‎ American writer Herman Melville is famous for his novels 1. (describe)adventures on the high seas.During his lifetime，he was actually considered a ‎ failed author，and it was only following his 2. (die)that people recognized the gifts of his writing and gave him the praise he justly deserved.Since the early twentieth century，his writings 3. (take)their place alongside the other classics of American literature.‎ Melville’s life at sea and his family life 4. (heavy)influenced his works.His travels began in 1839，when he shipped out as 5. seaman on a voyage to Liverpool，England.Later，he went on a whaling voyage to the South Pacific Ocean and spent some time living among the natives there.His 6. (person)adventures sometimes played a big role in his writings，and his first two novels，Typee and Omoo，were based 7. his voyage south of the equator(赤道).In addition，Moby Dick 8. (influence)by his time on the whaler.‎ In his writings，Melville often criticized the strict lifestyle his parents raised him with.Some of Melville’s biographers believe he became a humanist at that point and came 9. (believe)that man alone was responsible for his life，especially on the vast，lonely，open ocean.This theme ran through his later works，in 10. his characters frequently openly doubt God.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章简要概述了19世纪美国伟大的小说家、散文家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的一生及其著作。‎ ‎1.describing　[考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中修饰名词novels，且与novels存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填describing。]‎ ‎2.death　[考查名词。设空处在句中作宾语，且前面有his修饰，故填die的名词形式。]‎ ‎3.have taken　[考查时态。由Since引导的时间状语可知，主句谓语应用现在完成时态。]‎ ‎4.heavily　[考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词influenced，故填heavily。]‎ ‎5.a　[考查不定冠词。设空处修饰可数名词seaman，且表泛指，故填a。]‎ ‎6.personal　[考查形容词。设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词adventures，故填形容词personal。]‎ ‎7.on/upon　[考查介词。be based on/upon为固定搭配，意为“基于……”。]‎ ‎8.was influenced　[考查时态和语态。设空处在句中作谓语，与主语Moby Dick是被动关系，且是对过去发生动作的客观陈述，故填was influenced。]‎ ‎9.to believe　[考查非谓语动词。come to do sth意为“达到(对某事物认识或相信的境界)”。]‎ ‎10.which　[考查关系词。“in＋设空处”在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词works，且设空处作介词in的宾语，故填which。]‎ C India’s rainforest by night India has amazing countryside with some of the most remarkable wildlife on Earth，and its 96 national parks are becoming increasingly popular.These parks contain a huge 1. (various)of creatures，from multi-coloured butterflies to large tigers，but unfortunately for visitors，many of them are active 2. (main)at night and then seem to disappear during the day.In southern India’s Periyar National Park，however，they have found an answer 3. this problem：night tours.Walking through the rainforest in the dark 4. (be)a wonderful way 5. (observe)creatures in their natural surroundings.You quickly become more sensible to the sound of birds and animals，and you soon begin to recognise some of their calls.You are accompanied by local guides to prevent you 6. (get)lost，and also for two safety 7. (reason)：there are big cats around，and 8. (poison)snakes，too.Many visitors want to continue their exploration of the jungle all night，but if you want 9. break from the tropical(热带的)heat there are rivers 10. you can go for a cooling swim by moonlight.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，印度的Periyar National Park为游客开辟了“夜间游”。‎ ‎1.variety　[考查名词。a variety of...意为“多种多样的……”。]‎ ‎2.mainly　[考查副词。设空处作状语，故用副词形式。]‎ ‎3.to　[考查介词。answer to...意为“……的解决办法”，为固定搭配。]‎ ‎4.is　[考查时态与主谓一致。全文均用一般现在时，且设空处的主语为Walking through the rainforest in the dark，故填is。]‎ ‎5.to observe　[考查非谓语动词。way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”，为固定搭配。]‎ ‎6.getting　[考查非谓语动词。prevent sb (from)doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”。]‎ ‎7.reasons　[考查名词复数。根据two以及冒号后面部分中的too，可知应填reasons。]‎ ‎8.poisonous　[考查形容词。设空处修饰snakes，故用形容词形式。]‎ ‎9.a　[考查冠词。break为可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。]‎ ‎10.where　[考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词rivers，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。]‎ D ‎(2019·福州高三质量抽测)‎ The information I 1. (collect)in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2. (use)than most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30，000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogical sentences were added to the text.The“speed readers”3. were tested didn’t notice the irrelevant lines—the readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.‎ I’ve interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions 4. (offer)by some speed reading courses.5. (them)stories indicate that improper methods are sometimes used to sell the courses.Here’s how：First，you’re asked to read a passage from a book 6. which most persons would be unfamiliar.Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then，after about half 7. hour of instruction，another reading test is given.But this time the reading is the one most educated Americans know well—such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Not 8. (surprising)，persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” 9. (perform).‎ I’m one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing.Occasionally I’ll read a passage or sentence over and over just 10. (let)the beauty of its construction soak in(渗透).Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用，仔细阅读才能领略文字的魅力。‎ ‎1.have collected/have been collecting　[考查时态。根据该句中的“in the last few years”可知，该处可用现在完成时，收集信息的动作也可以看成从过去开始一直持续到当前的动作，故也可以用现在完成进行时。故填have collected/have been collecting。]‎ ‎2.useful　[考查形容词。根据空前的“be less”及空后的“than”可知，空处应用形容词，故填useful。]‎ ‎3.who/that　[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The“speed readers”，且在从句中作主语，表示人，故用who或that引导该定语从句。]‎ ‎4.offered　[考查非谓语动词。根据空后的“by”并结合语境可知，动词offer和其主语the introductory sessions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。]‎ ‎5.Their　[考查代词。根据空前一句中的“I’ve interviewed people”及空后的“stories”可知，此处表示“他们的故事”，故用形容词性物主代词Their。]‎ ‎6.with　[考查介词。分析该句结构可知，该句为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，be unfamiliar with sth为固定用法，意为“对某事物不熟悉”，故空处应填介词with。]‎ ‎7.an　[考查冠词。half an hour意为“半小时”，为固定用法，故用不定冠词an。]‎ ‎8.surprisingly　[考查副词。此处应用副词修饰整个句子，表示“不足为奇的是”，故用surprising的副词形式surprisingly。]‎ ‎9.performance(s)　[考查词形转换。根据本句中的“their‘exit’ speed”以及空前的“their‘entry’”可知，空处应用名词；performance意为“表现”时可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填performance(s)。]‎ ‎10.to let　[考查非谓语动词。句意：我偶尔会反复地阅读一个章节或者一个句子，仅是为了使其结构之美渗透出来。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式。]‎ A ‎(2019·潍坊高三统考)Chinese researchers have 1. (successful)grown and harvested rice in the deserts of Dubai after developing a strain(品种)which 2. (allow)the crop to grow in salt water.‎ A team of scientists，3. (lead)by China’s“Father of Hybrid Rice”，Yuan Longping，have already started growing the crop in dilute(稀释的)seawater at home and are now bringing the technique to the Middle East.‎ The big harvest of rice last year in the suburbs of Dubai far exceeded scientists’ expectations，according to a report by Xinhua News Agency.The high output—7，500 kilograms per hectare compared with the 4. (globe)average of 3，000 kilograms per hectare—has encouraged scientists to expand the project.They 5. (plan)to set up a 100-hectare experimental farm in Dubai later last year.They will put it into regular use this year and then start expanding after 2020.‎ The Dubai project is cooperation between China’s Sea Rice Research and Development Center with the Private Office of Sheikh Saeed Bin Ahmed Al Maktoum.The two parties have signed an 6. (agree)to promote seawater rice across the area to reduce the risk of food shortages in the future.‎ While scientists in some countries 7. water shortages are a serious concern have been developing desalination(脱盐)techniques to change seawater for use in agriculture，China has been working 8. (develop)strains of salt-tolerant rice for the past four decades.‎ Although 9. is not yet clear how the Dubai project will be able to secure enough fresh water to dilute seawater 10. large-scale rice planting，Chinese scientists have already started growing it closer to home on a commercial scale.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　中国的研究人员在迪拜已成功种植并收获了一种用海水种植的水稻。‎ ‎1.successfully　[考查副词。根据空后的“grown and harvested”可知，修饰动词，此处应用副词successfully。]‎ ‎2.allows　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故应用一般现在时；空前的“which”引导的是定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代先行词a strain，为第三人称单数，故填allows。]‎ ‎3.led　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词lead和其逻辑主语A team of scientists之间为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。]‎ ‎4.global　[考查形容词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“average”可知，此处应用形容词global作名词average的定语。]‎ ‎5.planned　[考查时态。根据本句中的“later last year”可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作。]‎ ‎6.agreement　[考查词形转换。根据语境以及空前的“an”可知，此处应用agree的名词形式agreement。]‎ ‎7.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以此处应用where来引导该从句。]‎ ‎8.to develop　[考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，过去四十年，中国一直致力于开发抗盐的水稻，此处表示目的，故填to develop。]‎ ‎9.it　[考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，how引导的从句作真正的主语。]‎ ‎10.for　[考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示稀释海水是为了大规模种植水稻，故用介词for“为了”。]‎ B ‎(2019·山西八校第一次联考)Most of us are familiar with the “Silk Road”，a network of land trading routes which connected northwestern China to Europe since the Han dynasty.With its recent 1. (popular)，you may have heard of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” as well，another network of land trading routes that connected China to various 2. (part) of Asia and Europe before sailing became ‎ common.Historically，the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less 3. (value) than the “Silk Road”.And because of its respective locations (位置)，sometimes the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” 4. (refer) to as the “Southern Silk Road”.‎ The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” got its name as Chinese tea and horses were the main products 5. (buy) and sold along the route.Historians have traced the origins of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” back to the Tang dynasty，6. tea was being transported out of Yunnan to Beijing，Tibet，and other places.The“Ancient Tea Horse Road”was 7. (far) developed during the Song and Ming dynasties，and remained 8. busy trading route all year round until the Qing dynasty.‎ The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” served 9. not only a trading route，but also a bridge connecting different races—such as Han and the Tibetan people.It is located near the “Roof of the World”，and is where many minority groups are located，10. (make) it a spot of many attractions.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶马古道的相关情况。‎ ‎1.popularity　[考查词性转换。空前是形容词，且形容词前是形容词性物主代词its ，后面应接popular的名词形式。popularity“受欢迎”。]‎ ‎2.parts　[考查名词复数。空处无限定词修饰，且part “区域，地区”为可数名词，故填parts。]‎ ‎3.valuable　[考查形容词。根据空前的the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less和空后的than可知，空处应填形容词，故填valuable “很重要的”。]‎ ‎4.is referred　[考查时态和语态。此处描述的是客观情况，应该用一般现在时；主语与refer to...as...之间是被动关系，故要用被动语态。]‎ ‎5.bought　[考查非谓语动词。动词buy与前面的名词products构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动。]‎ ‎6.when　[考查非限制性定语从句。when为关系副词，在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面表示时间的先行词 the Tang dynasty，并在从句中作时间状语。]‎ ‎7.further　‎ ‎[考查副词比较级。根据语境可知，此处说的是茶马古道的进一步发展情况，而far的比较级有两种形式：farther和further。在指距离的远近时，两者都可用，但是当用来表示“进一步”的意义时，只能用further。]‎ ‎8.a　[考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处说的是直到清代为止，茶马古道都是一条全年繁忙的贸易路线。此处表泛指，又busy的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎9.as　[考查介词。serve as sth表示“可用作，可当……使”，故填介词as。]‎ ‎10.making　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词making。]‎ C Some people are great at remembering faces.Once they meet you，they never forget how you look，while for other people，remembering a face is 1. (simple)impossible.Such people have a condition of the brain called“face blindness”，2. actual name is developmental prosopagnosia(人面失认症)，or DP for short.‎ There was a time when face blindness 3. (think)to be rare.But recent 4. (study) have shown that it might be more common than experts had thought.The latest study on face blindness came from Duchaine，5. professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College.He wanted to find out 6. the testees could recognize pictures of famous people or not.So he used fMRI to measure activities in their brains.An fMRI can identify chemical and other changes 7. (result)from blood flow.‎ Results showed that when 8. (show)famous faces，the testees drew a blank with them.But they could identify the actor who has one specific feature，such as his special chin or moustache.Duchaine said this study 9. (it)would not directly lead to any treatments.However，he said it could lead to a much 10. (deep)understanding of how we remember the world around us.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了有关脸盲症的相关信息，以及有关脸盲症的最新研究，该研究有助于我们对如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解。‎ ‎1.simply　[考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词simply修饰其后的impossible。]‎ ‎2.whose　‎ ‎[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，作actual name的定语，故填whose。]‎ ‎3.was thought　[考查时态和语态。根据该句中的“There was a time”可知，应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，此处是sth be thought to be结构，意为“某物被认为……”。故填was thought。]‎ ‎4.studies　[考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“recent”以及空后的“have shown”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填studies。]‎ ‎5.a　[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知， 5 professor of psychological and brain sciences是Duchaine的同位语，此处泛指一位教授，故用不定冠词；且professor的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]‎ ‎6.whether/if　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时结合句意及句末的or not可知，连接词应是whether或if。故填whether/if。]‎ ‎7.resulting　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语can identify，故此处应用现在分词短语作后置定语。]‎ ‎8.shown　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，when引导状语从句，空处为the testees were shown的省略形式，故填shown。]‎ ‎9.itself　[考查反身代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作this study的同位语，应用反身代词，故填itself。]‎ ‎10.deeper　[考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的“a much”以及空后的“understanding”可知，空处应用形容词的比较级，故填deeper。]‎ D ‎(2019·昆明二诊)Birth order，whether you are an older，middle or younger child in your family，affects your career path as well as personality，a new study shows.‎ ‎1. (reach)their conclusions，researchers studied many successful people from different career groups.One of the most important 2. (discover)is that middle children are more likely to become CEOs than other children.Among them 3. (be)Mark Zuckerberg.The reason could be that they are more 4. (competition)and flexible to fight for attention from the parents，5. makes them fit for high-flying roles.6. is claimed that consideration of others and high levels of management are required.‎ Interestingly，they found the 7. (major) of astronauts are eldest children，the 8. (one)born children in the family.While youngest children were found to be more likely to have careers in classical music，because they are 9. (possible)more sensitive and romantic.As for only children，the study suggests they are more likely to become artists due 10. their personality of doing things perfectly and maturely.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项有关出生顺序与职业道路之间关系的研究及其结论。‎ ‎1.To reach　[考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，为了得出结论，研究者们调查了很多来自不同职业群体的成功人士。此处表示目的，故填To reach。]‎ ‎2.discoveries　[考查词形转换。根据空前的“One of the most important”可知，空处应用名词的复数形式，故填discoveries。]‎ ‎3.is　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据空后的“Mark Zuckerberg”可知，空处应用单数形式；又此处是一般性描述，应用一般现在时。故填is。]‎ ‎4.competitive　[考查词形转换。根据空后的and可知，空处与“flexible”并列，故填competitive。]‎ ‎5.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“they are more...from the parents”，故用which来引导该从句。]‎ ‎6.It　[考查固定用法。It is claimed that“据说”是固定用法。]‎ ‎7.majority　[考查词形转换。根据句意以及空前的“the”和空后的“of astronauts”可知，空处应填major的名词形式majority。the majority of表示“大多数”。]‎ ‎8.first　[考查序数词。根据本句中的“are eldest children”可知，此处指大多数宇航员都是家中年龄最大的孩子，即家中第一个出生的孩子，故应填first。]‎ ‎9.possibly　[考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的形容词比较级结构“more sensitive and romantic”，故应用possible的副词形式possibly。]‎ ‎10.to　[考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示至于独生子女，该研究表明，由于他们做事情完美且成熟的个性，他们更可能成为艺术家。due to“由于，因为”是固定搭配。]‎ 短文改错专练 A ‎(2019·大连高三一模)Skipping rope is a sport suitable for people of all age.People skip rope for fun and exercise.‎ Every student are able to learn to skip.You can skip alone or with your classmates.If you skip alone，you will need short rope about double the length of your high.You should turn the rope slow so that you can skip safely.It might help with if you can sing a rhyme while skips.When you skip alone，your heart beats fast than usual and your body is stressed.Therefore，stop for a rest after you injure yourself.‎ So，pick up a rope，finding a silly rhyme and start skipping.‎ 答案 Skipping rope is a sport suitable for people of all .People skip rope for fun and exercise.‎ Every student able to learn to skip.You can skip alone or with your classmates.If you skip alone，you will need short rope about double the length of your .You should turn the rope so that you can skip safely.It might help if you can sing a rhyme while .When you skip alone，your heart beats than usual and your body is stressed.Therefore，stop for a rest you injure yourself.‎ So，pick up a rope， a silly rhyme and start skipping.‎ B ‎(2019·沈阳高三质量检测)While it comes to how to face a challenge，I think of my experience in learning maths.‎ When I was in junior middle school，I had great difficulties in learning maths.To change a situation，I made great efforts.Firstly，I bought some reference books and got prepared before class，make it easy for me to understand that the teacher would teach.Secondly，I listened attentive in class and took notes carefully，which helped my ‎ accumulate basic knowledge.Thirdly，I did my homework on time and turn to my teacher for help when I had problems.Finally I caught with others.‎ Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.Faced with challenges，I respond positively and overcome with them.‎ 答案 it comes to how to face a challenge，I think of my experience in learning maths.‎ When I was in junior middle school，I had great in learning maths.To change situation，I made great efforts.Firstly，I bought some reference books and got prepared before class， it easy for me to understand the teacher would teach.Secondly，I listened in class and took notes carefully，which helped accumulate basic knowledge.Thirdly，I did my homework on time and to my teacher for help when I had problems.Finally I caught with others.‎ Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.Faced with challenges，I respond positively and overcome them.‎ C ‎(2019·河南省五校联考)Our school sports meeting finally came to end last Friday.Tiring but cheerful，we made it a success.I can say it’s the best one I have ever been taken part in.The opening ceremony was a feast for the eyes.To begin with，the headmaster makes a speech.Then came various performance，including singing，dancing and kung fu.Besides，some students dressed up as dolls，and that they wanted to show was confident and talent.When the teachers’ shows began，the audience went crazily.As a class photographer，I took pictures of such many brilliant moments，which，with doubt，meant a lot to all of us.‎ 答案 Our school sports meeting finally came to end last Friday. but cheerful，we made it a success.I can say it’s the best one I have ever taken part in.The ‎ opening ceremony was a feast for the eyes.To begin with，the headmaster a speech.Then came various ，including singing，dancing and kung fu.Besides，some students dressed up as dolls，and they wanted to show was and talent.When the teachers’ shows began，the audience went .As a class photographer，I took pictures of many brilliant moments，which， doubt，meant a lot to all of us.‎ D Last year，my friend and I went to visit the Yellow Mountain.We carried two backpacks，that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike.I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground.But my friend encouraged me great.“Look，the top is coming closer and closer.We are almost there.”I pulled me together and kept going.After three-hour exhausting hike to the top，but with wonderful sceneries on the way，we got to the top finally.For our pleasure，we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.‎ 答案 Last year，my friend and I went to visit the Yellow Mountain.We carried two backpacks， turned out to be pretty for the hike.I am not an hiker and those endless steps me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground.But my friend encouraged me .“Look，the top is coming closer and closer.We are almost there.”I pulled together and kept going.After three-hour exhausting hike to the top，but with wonderful on the way，we got to the top finally. our pleasure，we also found a hotel that looked very inviting.‎ A Many traditional arts were losing nowadays，because some of whom are being replaced by modern products.I feel extreme sorry about the losing arts.In my opinions，they are classic and their charm will never fade away.Take my grandma for the example.She is better at paper-cutting which was learnt from her mother.When I found my grandma had this skill，I was so surprised and curious it.I asked my grandma to teaching me the skill.During the process，I found that this art was brilliant，but I was attracted by it.Some traditional arts like paper-cutting should be keeping.‎ 答案 Many traditional arts losing nowadays，because some of are being replaced by modern products.I feel sorry about the losing arts.In my ，they are classic and their charm will never fade away.Take my grandma for example.She is at paper-cutting which was learnt from her mother.When I found my grandma had this skill，I was so surprised and curious it.I asked my grandma to me the skill.During the process，I found that this art was brilliant， I was attracted by it.Some traditional arts like paper-cutting should be .‎ B ‎(2019·兰州高三实战模拟)This summer，I visited Hangzhou，and this journey had impressed me deeply.‎ Being a capital of Zhejiang Province，Hangzhou lies in the southeast of China.There are a lot of place of interest.Among them the West Lake is the best-known attraction，where water seem to melt into the sky by the distance.Besides，there are several museums locating in Hangzhou that show its unique culture.What’s more，you can enjoy many kinds of deliciously local food such as West Lake Fish in Vinegar Sauce and Dongpo Pork.The people there are friendly and kind，but they are working hard make the city more beautiful.‎ What attractive and inviting Hangzhou is!‎ 答案 This summer，I visited Hangzhou，and this journey impressed me deeply.‎ Being capital of Zhejiang Province，Hangzhou lies in the southeast of China.There are a lot of of interest.Among them the West Lake is the best-known attraction，where water to melt into the sky the distance.Besides，there are several museums in Hangzhou that show its unique culture.What’s more，you can enjoy many kinds of local food such as West Lake Fish in Vinegar Sauce and Dongpo Pork.The people there are friendly and kind， they are working hard make the city more beautiful.‎ attractive and inviting Hangzhou is!‎ C ‎(2019·济南外国语学校高三质检)‎ Last Sunday I went to a animal hospital to help the doctors there.I arrived at the hospital early in the morning，and there were already much work to do：giving the pets food and water，and even giving them kisses on the heads.‎ At first，they looked at me with frightening eyes.A doctor say to them，“Don’t worry，and everything will be OK.” I washed a dog’s hurt leg.I worked careful to make sure I didn’t hurt him.I wished he could know we were just trying help him.It was a long day and the work made me tired，and I was very happy.I knew I loved animal.And the animals knew I loved him.They enjoyed about my care with love!‎ 答案　‎ Last Sunday I went to animal hospital to help the doctors there.I arrived at the hospital early in the morning，and there already much work to do：giving the pets food and water，and even giving them kisses on the heads.‎ At first，they looked at me with eyes.A doctor to them，“Don’t ‎ worry，and everything will be OK.” I washed a dog’s hurt leg.I worked to make sure I didn’t hurt him.I wished he could know we were just trying help him.It was a long day and the work made me tired， I was very happy.I knew I loved .And the animals knew I loved .They enjoyed my care with love!‎ D There is a tradition in my family.On New Year’s Eve，all my relative will come to our house for a feast.As matter of fact，it isn’t the food that bring us together but the sense of belonging does.Making dumplings was always great fun.We put a coin into one of the dumplings.Everybody expects to eat the one with the coin inside，because it is said whomever gets the coin will have good fortune in the followed year.When my mom serves the dumplings，they help ourselves immediately，hoping to get the good luck of our entirely year.The coin never comes to me，and I am pretty sure of that the luck is always there.‎ 答案 There is a tradition in my family.On New Year’s Eve，all my will come to our house for a feast.As matter of fact，it isn’t the food that us together but the sense of belonging does.Making dumplings always great fun.We put a coin into one of the dumplings.Everybody expects to eat the one with the coin inside，because it is said gets the coin will have good fortune in the year.When my mom serves the dumplings， help ourselves immediately，hoping to get the good luck of our year.The coin never comes to me， I am pretty sure that the luck is always there.‎ A ‎(2019·长沙高三统考)Our neighbor Butler owns a 80-acre farm.Visitors from cities ‎ can pick melons，tomato and cabbages by themselves.After school I feel like go to the farm and playing with some other children there.These little children can learn much things about farm work during their first trip to there.One visitor said Butler’s farm bring back good memories of their childhood in the countryside.“It’s like what I used to have as a kid，it is nice to bring my child here，”he said.I think the farm actual gives a happy time to those which are close to nature.‎ 答案 Our neighbor Butler owns 80-acre farm.Visitors from cities can pick melons， and cabbages by themselves.After school I feel like to the farm and playing with some other children there.These little children can learn things about farm work during their first trip there.One visitor said Butler’s farm back good memories of childhood in the countryside.“It’s like what I used to have as a kid， it is nice to bring my child here，”he said.I think the farm gives a happy time to those are close to nature.‎ B ‎(2019·合肥八校联考)Nanchang International Marathon has held three times since 2016.I felt luckily enough to be chosen as a mini-marathon runner in last November.Lacked special training，I almost wanted to quit an event.On that day，I lined up with other 25，000 runners，most of who were professional runners.Realizing running was a battle against me，I was ready to finish my first marathon.At mile 1，my leg were still comfortable.By mile 3，I got a pain in my ankle，and I kept going.With the finishing line ahead，I seem to feel faster than before.Actually，I got the same medal as the one the winner had!‎ 答案 Nanchang International Marathon has held three times since 2016.I felt enough to be chosen as a mini-marathon runner last November. ‎ special training，I almost wanted to quit event.On that day，I lined up with other 25，000 runners，most of were professional runners.Realizing running was a battle against ，I was ready to finish my first marathon.At mile 1，my were still comfortable.By mile 3，I got a pain in my ankle， I kept going.With the finishing line ahead，I to feel faster than before.Actually，I got the same medal as the one the winner had!‎ C Dear Mr.Brown，‎ We have learned that you were going back to America for the summer vacation.To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school，we have decided have a party for you.The party which will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall.It will possible last an hour.To start with，our monitor will give a speech on behalf of a whole class.Then we would like to invite you to join us and singing some English songs.In the end of the party，we will present you with some gifts and cards，mostly making by ourselves.I believe you will have a good time together.‎ Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Frank 答案 Dear Mr.Brown，‎ We have learned that you going back to America for the summer vacation.To express our for your excellent teaching in our school，we have decided have a party for you.The party will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall.It will last an hour.To start with，our monitor will give a speech on behalf of whole class.Then we would like to invite you to join us and some English songs. the end of the party，we will present you with some gifts and cards，mostly ‎ by ourselves.I believe will have a good time together.‎ Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Frank D ‎(2019·武昌区高三元月调研)‎ Our school encouraged us to experience some future careers last vacation.Some students choose to work as either cashiers in a store and waiters at a restaurant.I was one of the 500 student to join in the activity.I decided be an assistant in a photo studio because of I love taking photos.With the help of a advanced photographer in the studio，I opened my imagination in my daily work.I also developed practically skills which are necessary for them to face future challenges.The most important thing I’ve learned are to improve myself after I get my dream job.‎ 答案 Our school encouraged us to experience some future careers last vacation.Some students to work as either cashiers in a store waiters at a restaurant.I was one of the 500 to join in the activity.I decided be an assistant in a photo studio because I love taking photos.With the help of advanced photographer in the studio，I opened my imagination in my daily work.I also developed skills which are necessary for to face future challenges.The most important thing I’ve learned to improve myself I get my dream job.‎ A ‎(2019·江西省八校联考)Last term，I accommodated an exchange student calling Jacob from the Great Britain to our school.He really cares for Chinese culture.Jacob asked me to show himself around the city on weekends.I took him to many local place of interest and we also go to the theater to watch a show of Peking opera.He was so ‎ attracted by the performance as he decided to learn it.My father happened to know a master of Peking opera and introduced Jacob to him.Jacob was great honored to be one of his students.Put his heart into it，Jacob made a rapid progress.When he returned England，he gave a performance，for what he won much admiration from his classmates.‎ 答案 Last term，I accommodated an exchange student Jacob from the Great Britain to our school.He really cares for Chinese culture.Jacob asked me to show around the city on weekends.I took him to many local of interest and we also to the theater to watch a show of Peking opera.He was so attracted by the performance he decided to learn it.My father happened to know a master of Peking opera and introduced Jacob to him.Jacob was honored to be one of his students. his heart into it，Jacob made rapid progress.When he returned England，he gave a performance，for he won much admiration from his classmates.‎ B ‎(2019·广州质量检测)The other day，we moved to the new school yard，where lies in the far north of the city.We were all on high spirits.It is much big than the old one.The classrooms are bright and clean.We have a lot of modern equipment，making convenient for students to learn every subject.Now we can have a lot of after-school activity on the new playground.Our teachers often play the basketball and soccer together with us.As spring approached，the flowers newly planting in the yard have just come out.With such many green trees and fragrant flowers around，we feel it less hardly to study and our school life more enjoyable.‎ 答案 The other day，we moved to the new school yard， lies in the far north of the ‎ city.We were all high spirits.It is much than the old one.The classrooms are bright and clean.We have a lot of modern equipment，making convenient for students to learn every subject.Now we can have a lot of after-school on the new playground.Our teachers often play basketball and soccer together with us.As spring ，the flowers newly in the yard have just come out.With many green trees and fragrant flowers around，we feel it less to study and our school life more enjoyable.‎ C When I was very young，I stayed at my hometown with my grandma.She was a diligent woman.She likes to grow vegetables or takes care of all the houseworks.Though my parents often ask her to quit the work，my grandma never listen.She takes that she does as her great joy.I understand her because I see her smile and she is satisfied with life.Several months before，my father bought for her a new smartphone.And during the Spring Festival，I instructed her how email and use the Internet.Aside from emailing，she thinks it feels greatly to talk to their grandchildren on WeChat.‎ 答案 When I was very young，I stayed at my hometown with my grandma.She a diligent woman.She likes to grow vegetables takes care of all the .Though my parents often ask her to quit the work，my grandma never .She takes she does as her great joy.I understand her because I see her smile and she is satisfied with life.Several months ，my father bought her a new smartphone.And during the Spring Festival，I instructed her how email and use the Internet.Aside from emailing，she thinks it feels to talk to grandchildren on WeChat.‎ D ‎(2019·海南省五校模拟)When I was in the 6th grade，my parents bought me a cell phone.I was really exciting to receive the phone.The next weekend，my family went on camping in the East Lake Park.We enjoy boating on the lake.I used our new phone to play some of my favorite song.I thought it would be brilliant idea to put my phone in a plastic bag to protecting it from water.After getting back，I took the phone in，only to find the bag full of water.I didn’t know what to save my phone and I tried laying it out to dry.Unfortunately，it started to rain.What an awfully experience!‎ 答案 When I was in the 6th grade，my parents bought me a cell phone.I was really to receive the phone.The next weekend，my family went camping in the East Lake Park.We boating on the lake.I used new phone to play some of my favorite .I thought it would be brilliant idea to put my phone in a plastic bag to it from water.After getting back，I took the phone ，only to find the bag full of water.I didn’t know to save my phone and I tried laying it out to dry.Unfortunately，it started to rain.What an experience!‎