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2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1Alandofdiversity单元学案(22页word版)
2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 1A land of diversity单元学案 单元基础词汇 1.__race__n.种族 2.racism n.__种族歧视__ 3.expand vi.__扩展__ 4.__immigrant__ n.移民 5.religion n.__宗教__ 6.be divided into... __被分成……__ 7.culture shock __文化冲击__ 8.crowd __into__ 涌入 9.make a fortune__发财__ 10.way of life __生活方式__ 11.cultural __symbols__ 文化标志 12.settle __down__ 定居 13.cultural background __文化背景__ 14.own a diverse culture __拥有多元文化__ 15.be rich in natural resources __自然资源丰富__ 1.Race__ has always been a hot button__ in this country's history. 种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的问题。 2.__I've been longing to__ go to America, mainly for two reasons. One is that I can experience American culture,__ which is believed__ to be the most diverse in the world. The other is that I can__ broaden my horizons__ in this developed country. 我一直盼望去美国,主要有两个原因。其一是我能够体验美国文化,它被认为是世界上最多样化的。 其二是我能够在这个发达国家开拓视野。 3.The history of the early immigrants__ makes us thankful for__ our life today. 早期移民者的历史使我们感恩今天的生活。 词汇素养 Ⅰ.单词识记 1.__means__n.手段;方法(单复数同形) 2.__occur__vi.发生;出现 3.__reform__vt.& vi.改革;革新 n.[C,U]改革;改造;改良 4.__hire__vt.& n.租用;雇用 5.__slip__vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤 n.[C]滑动;滑倒 6.__majority__n.大多数;大半→__major__adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业→(反义词)__minority__n.少数 7.__elect__vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人→__election__n.[C,U]选举 8.__distinct__adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→__distinction__n.[C,U]差别;区分;卓著 9.__applicant__n.[C]申请人→__apply__vi.申请→__application__n.[C]申请人;[U]申请 10.__apparent__adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→__apparently__adv.显然地;显而易见地 11.__indicate__vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示→__indication__n.[C]迹象→__indicator__n.[C]指示器;指示信号 12.grasp vt.& n.__抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会__ 13.boom n.__(人口、贸易的)繁荣__ vi.__处于经济迅速发展时期__ 14.customs n.__海关;关税;进口税__ 15.luggage n.__行李__ Ⅱ.词汇运用 1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,__ was hired__(hire) to make the images. 2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Please find my__ application__(apply) letter and resume in the attachment. 3.(2016·天津卷)The__ majority__(major) of them take on online language test before starting their programme. 4.(2016·北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut__ occurred__(occur). 5.(2016·四川卷)Previous studies__ have indicated__(indicate) that milk can be excellent for helping sleep. 6.(2015·重庆卷) In addition, we have more choices__ by__ means of wild release. 7.“Walk__across__this street and turn left at the first__crossing__.”the boy told the lady.(cross) 8.The President and Vice President are__elected__together every four years in a nationwide__election__.(elect) 9.The__majority__of freshmen are eager to change their__majors__after entering college, according to a recent survey.(major) 10.__Apparently__,she took no notice of the__apparent__mistakes in the accident.(apparent) Ⅲ.单词巧记 1.“明显”相关单词集锦 ①apparent→apparently ②distinct→distinctly ③obvious→obviously__④evident→evidently 2.与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触 ①hire n.& vt.雇用__②employ vt.雇用 ③take on 雇用__④fire vt.解雇 ⑤dismiss vt.解雇__⑥discharge vt.辞退 ⑦lay off 解雇__⑧turn away 解雇 3.“多数与少数”面面观 ①major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业 ②majority n.大多数 ③in the majority 占多数 ④minor adj.少数的 ⑤minority n.少数 ⑥in the minority 占少数 4.变为复数后词义变化的名词小结 ①custom (风俗习惯)→customs (海关) ②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌) ③iron (铁)→irons (镣铐) ④paper(纸)→papers(论文;试卷) 短语速记 Ⅰ.短语默写 1.__live on__继续存在;继续生存;在……上生活 2.__by means of...__用……办法;借助…… 3.__back to back__背靠背 4.__a great/good many__许多;很多 5.__make a life__习惯于新的生活方式、工作等;谋生 6.__team up with__与……合作或一起工作 7.__mark out__用线画出范围;标出……界线 8.__apply for__申请;请示得到 9.__take in__包括;吸收;欺骗;理解 10.__keep up__坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等) Ⅱ.短语填空 1.In many countries, young people still__keep up__the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress. 2.__By means of__the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails. 3.Mr.Brown sent an e-mail to the manager,__applying__for__a job in the company. 4.It is honorable to__make a life__with your hands while depending on others is a shame. 5.Although her husband died, the old lady__lived on__for many years with an optimistic attitude. 6.In the wild, different cats usually__mark__out__their own area, so other cats know to stay away. 7.I listened to the speech carefully, but I still couldn't__take in__. 8.You can__team up with__one other class member if you can't finish it on time. Ⅲ.联想归纳 1.“v.+out”结构的短语荟萃 ①mark out标出……界线 ②work out锻炼 ③turn out结果是 ④cut out删去 ⑤make out理解;辨认出 ⑥come out出版;开花 2.“v.+in”结构短语荟萃 ①break in强行闯入 ②give in屈服;投降 ③turn in上交 句式悟通 背会原句 知晓考点 我会仿用 1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. it is likely that...“ 1.对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。 然而,可能至少在15,000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。 有可能……”。 __It is likely that__ a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience. 2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 That is why...“那就是……的原因”。 2.他迷恋电脑游戏,那就是他被从学校开除的原因。 He is addicted to computer games, and__ that is why__ he is removed from school. 3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups. 人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将非常之大,以至于明显主要的种族或文化群体将不复存在。 It is believed that...“人们认为/相信……”,其构成为:It+be+过去分词+that从句。 3.人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大,以至于应鼓励人们阅读更多的书籍。 __It is commonly believed that__ the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books. 精 研 词 汇 短 语 1.means n.手段;方法(单复数同形) 归纳拓展 (1)by this means用这种方法 by means of用……办法;借助…… by no means= in no way=in no case=on no account=at no time决不;一定也不(放在句首时,句子用倒装语序) by all means(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以;没问题 (2)a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具 名师点津 means用作“方式;方法”讲时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。若every/each/one/a means作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 多维训练 完成句子。 ①(朗文辞典)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important __means__ of transportation. 自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。 ②(浙江高考)—Can I come and have a look at your new house? ——我可以来看看你的新房子吗? —Yes,__ by all means__! ——可以,你一定要来。 单句语法填空。 ③Every possible means__ has been tried__(try), but none has worked. ④All possible means__ have been tried__(try), but none had worked. ⑤We express our thoughts by means__ of__ words and body language. ⑥Some researchers point out that daydreaming is__ a__ means of relaxation. 高考小作文。 ⑦(陕西高考书面表达)此外,惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。 Furthermore, punishment__ is by no means a wise choice__ to help them grow up mentally and physically. ⑧Furthermore,__ by no means is punishment a wise choice__ to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装) 2.majority n.大多数;大半 归纳拓展 (1)a/the majority of...=most of...大多数 be in a/the majority构成大多数/大部分 (2)major adj.主要的 vi.专修;主攻 (3)major in主修…… (4)minority n.少数;少数派/人 (5)the majority和the minority单独用作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数形式;但其后表语是复数时,谓语动词通常也要用复数。 (6)“the/a majority of+名词”用作主语,其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。 多维训练 完成句子。 ①(2015·浙江高考书面表达)When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of__ the majority__. 当我有不同的观点时,我会选择放弃,尊重大多数人的观点。 ②(2016·天津高考)__The majority of them__ take an online language test before starting__their programme. 他们大多数在开始课程之前要进行一个网上语言测试。 ③The white are__ in the majority__ in Australia while the native people__ in the minority__. 在澳大利亚,白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。 单句语法填空。 ④For one thing,I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major__in__the gardening after attending college. ⑤An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members__are__(be)against it. 3.occur vi.(occurred;occurred)发生;出现;存在 归纳拓展 sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that...某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事 多维训练 完成句子。 ①(2016·江苏高考)Years ago, a critical event __occurred__ in my life that would change it forever. 几年前发生了一件改变我一生的重要事件。 ②__It occurred to/struck/hit me__ to visit my parents. 我突然想去探望父母。 用occur的相关词语完成下列小片段。 When John was walking along the river bank, a good idea ③__occurred to him__(他突然想起).He rang up the general manager at once and told him of the good idea.The general manager decided to take action immediately and John's idea turned out to be very successful.④__It never occurred to/struck/hit him that__(他从未想过) he would make such a great success in business. 4.indicate vt.指出;指示;表明 归纳拓展 (1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人指示…… indicate that ...指示……;表明…… as...indicate正如……所示 (2)indication n.指出;表明 indicator n.指示器;(化)指示剂 There is no indication that...无迹象表明…… There are some indications that...有迹象表明…… 多维训练 完成句子。 ①(2016·江苏高考)Michael Tomasello's tests on young children__ indicate that__ they have the instinct to help others. 迈克尔·托马塞洛的关于小孩的实验表明他们具有帮助他人的本性。 ②A red sky at night often__ indicates__ fine weather the next day. 夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。 ③__As is indicated in the survey__, more and more people choose to travel abroad. 调查显示,越来越多的人选择出国旅游。 ④(牛津词典)They gave__ no indication__ of how the work should be done. 他们根本没说明这项工作该怎么做。 ⑤There are clear__ indications__ that the economy is improving. 有明显的迹象显示经济正在改善。 5.live on 继续生活;存在 归纳拓展 live on sth.以……为食 live by (doing) sth.靠(做)某事为生 live up to 不辜负 live through 经历 live with 容忍 live a ...life 过着……的生活 多维训练 选用以上短语填空。 ①Mozart is dead but his music__ lives on__. ②My grandfather__ lived through__ both world wars. ③We should work hard and try to__ live up to__ our parents' expectation. ④The brave girl is learning to__ live with__ her disability. 6.take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 归纳拓展 take off____起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;开始成功 take on____呈现;雇用;承担 take over____接收;接管;取代 take up____占去;占据;开始从事 take down____拿下;写下;记下 多维训练 写出下列句中take in的含义。 ①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.__收留__ ②Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.__欺骗__ ③Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.__理解__ ④The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.__包括__ ⑤While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.__吸收__ 选用上述短语填空。 ⑥When he retired, his eldest son__took over__the company. ⑦On the contrary, smart phones not only__take up__our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health. 7.make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 归纳拓展 (1)come to life苏醒;变得活跃 come back to life苏醒过来,恢复生气 bring...back to life使……苏醒过来;给……活力 live/lead a...life过着……生活 (2)make/earn a/one's living谋生 巧学助记 多维训练 完成句子。 ①They settled down in Canada and__ made a life__ for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来,习惯了新的生活方式。 ②The village, which had seemed deserted, immediately__ came to life__. 这个原本似乎杳无人烟的村庄顿时恢复了生机。 ③The unemployed usually__ lead/live a hard life__. 失业的人生活一般很困难。 高考小作文。 ④(江西高考书面表达)在接下来的三年,我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性,你要努力适应新的生活方式。 In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and__ you must try your best to make a life here__. 精 析 句 型 结 构 1.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构,意为“这/那就是……的原因”。 归纳拓展 this/that is because...这/那是因为…… this is the reason why...这就是……的原因 the reason why...is that...……的原因是…… 多维训练 选用why和because填空。 ①From space, the earth looks blue.This is__because__about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. ②The reason__why__we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. ③The deadline is drawing near.This is __why__ we are very busy. ④This is the reason __why__ they refused to sign the agreement. 2.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而,很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。 It is likely that...“很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句中likely为形容词,意为“可能的”。其近义词有possible, probable。 归纳拓展 否定形式 副词形式 常用句型 likely unlikely likely It is likely+that从句sb./sth. is likely to do sth. possible impossible possibly It is possible+that从句It is possible for sb. to do sth. probable improbable probably It is probable+that从句 多维训练 完成句子。 ①(2016·四川高考)In fact, women are__ less likely to have__ high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 事实上,妇女不大可能得高血压和死于心脏病。 ②Brian is gifted it writing music; he__ is__ very__likely to be__ a Beethoven. 布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋,他有望成为另一个贝多芬。 ③__You are very likely to__ come across large wild animals in the forest, so be careful! =__It is likely that__ you will come across large wild animals, so be careful! 在森林里,你很可能会遇到大型的野生动物,因此要当心! ④__It is probable that__ the cost will be greater than we think. 花费很可能比我们预想的要多。 ⑤(2017·浙江)While__ it is likely that__ he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. 尽管他可能对这些书理解很少,但是它们是他经典绘画的引路石。 基 础 训 练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but __slipped__(slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. 2.He is thought __to_have_acted__(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 3. It suddenly occurred to him __that__ he had left his keys in the office. 4.Some insects take __on__ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 5.One-third of the country____is__(be) covered__with trees and the majority of the citizens __are__(be) black people. 6.Without my glasses, I couldn't mark __out__ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight. 7.I was taken __in__ by the salesman whose products turned out to be much less effective. 8.The world famous director, three of __whose__ movies won Oscar awards, is reported to have retired. 9.The young actress looked so charming in her beautiful dress that we took __a__ good many pictures with her. 10.While he was in high school, he made up his mind to apply __for__ membership in the Party. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.__The_majority_of__ (大多数的) students in our class have black eyes;only two have blue eyes. 2.When I glanced at the knife on the desk, a good idea __occurred_to__(想到) me at once. 3.Only __by_this_means__(通过这种方法) could I solve this mathematics question, which puzzled me much. 4.As a father with five children, it is impossible for the man to __make_a_living__(谋生) by that little salary. 5.据说,珍妮为了申请历史科的奖学金而夜以继日地忘我学习。 __It_was_said_that__Jenny studied day in and day out in school to apply for a scholarship in history. 6.为了使所有的中国学生理解他课堂上所讲的内容,这位来自美国的教师耐心地讲英语。 To make all Chinese children understand __what_he_said__ in class, the teacher from America spoke English with great patience. 7.每天早上,在我家门口的那棵树上都有许多鸟儿在唱歌。 __There_are__ a great many birds __singing__ on the tree in front of my house every morning. 8.当大量的移民到达加利福尼亚但没有挖到金子时,他们很有可能非常失望。 __It_is_likely_that__ many immigrants were disappointed when arriving at California and finding no gold then. 9.离开这么多年后,我还是如此想你。这就是我现在站在你面前的原因。 I still miss you so much after so many years away.__This_is_why__ I am standing in front of you now. 10.问题是有许多移民不能实现梦想。 __The_problem_was_that__ a great percentage of immigrants couldn't achieve their dreams. Ⅲ.单句改错 1.It is by no mean clear whether the president can do something to end the strike. __mean→means__ 2.A large percentage of this hotel's income are from the visitors to the lake nearby. __are→is__ 3.The majority of the students has passed their biology exam. __has→have__ 4.Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood. __Having后加been__ 5.Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him. __去掉were__ 6.The reason why she couldn't come to the meeting was because she had not been invited. __because→that__ 7.A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake. __去掉of__ 8.This is believed that hard work can lead to success. __This→It__ Ⅳ.语篇填空 In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold __1.was_discovered__(discover) in California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people __2.from__ all over the world.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.Then __3.adventurers__(adventure) from Europe and Asia soon __4.followed__(follow).In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home, __5.but__most remained in California __6.to_make__(make) a life for themselves __7.despite__ great hardship.__8.They__ settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected to become __9.the__ thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, __10.it__ was already a multicultural society. 能 力 提 升 Ⅰ.单元考点与语法填空 New Orleans, like a great many __1.places__(place) in the USA, is home to people who have moved there from other countries after applying __2.for__ permission to work in America. My Chinese nephew entered America in just this way. He travelled to New Orleans on a ferry, after the Immigration Service __3.had_approved__(approve) his application to work there. He was eager for a new way of life. __4.Apparently__(apparent) he was prepared to do any job to support his family in China. Before long, he and many people from other cultures made __5.a__ life there, opening restaurants and bakeries, playing exciting music and __6.designing__(design) magnificent buildings. Their contribution to New Orleans culture never __7.occurred__(occur) by chance.__It was due to their__different__cultural__backgrounds.__The__American authorities are __8.thankful__(thank) that these immigrants, __9.who__ developed the multicultural nature of New Orleans, made it the __10.fascinating__(fascinate) place that it is today. Ⅱ.单元语法与短文改错(名词性从句) Today is June 26th. We are having a discussion about if to stay at home or go out for a trip as the summer holiday was drawing near.__Some of us are for favor of staying at home. Their view is it's both convenient and comfort. What's more, they can save money for other purposes. But that they will lose is the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase his knowledge and broaden their horizons.__But maybe they'll meet many difficulty and spend more money while travel. Personally, I think it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do that what I like, such as reading books, watching TV and helping my parents with some housework. 答案: Today is June 26th. We are having a discussion about to stay at home or go out for a trip as the summer holiday drawing near.__Some of us are favor of staying at home. Their view is it's both convenient and . What's more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose is the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase knowledge and broaden their horizons.__But maybe they'll meet many and spend more money while . Personally, I think it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do__that__what I like, such as reading books, watching TV and helping my parents with some housework. Ⅲ.单元话题与书面表达 (一)根据提示结合本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词) Dear Tom, How is it going? ①__The majority of our class elect to visit Yuntai Mountain__(我们班大多数同学选择去参观云台山) this Saturday. I'm writing to invite you to join us. ②__It occurs to us that we can team up to hire a bus to go there__(我们想到我们可以一块租公共汽车去那里). ❶We believe ③__this can apparently save us much money__(这显然能节省我们很多钱). We will meet at our school gate at 700 and set off at 720. Being active on Saturday morning, many classmates hope to climb Zhuyu Peak. Someone may feel tired, so we'd like to travel through Red Rock Valley that afternoon and play games at night. After seeing the waterfall on Sunday morning, we'll return. The total cost includes bus fares, entrance tickets and hotel accommodations, so I want to make sure how many students will take part. ④__I would be thankful if you could tell me whether you'd like to go or not__(如果你能告诉我你是否能来我将很感激). Yours, Li Hua (二)按要求升级词汇和句式 1.用本单元所学高级词汇升级加黑词语 (1)many→__a great/good many__ (2)includes→__takes in__ 2.按要求升级句式 用it作形式主语升级句❶ __It is believed that this can apparently save us much money.__查看更多