2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3学案设计（36页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3学案设计（36页word版）

2020 届一轮复习人教版选修八 Unit3 学案设计 话题素材——发明创造 好词 1.achieve vt. 达到；取得 2.ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的 3.birthplace n. 出生地；故乡 4.confident adj. 自信的 5.creative adj. 富有创造力的 6.be enthusiastic about 对……热心 7.make efforts to_do sth. 努力做某事 8.regard...as... 认为……是…… 9.make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献 10.set a good example to 为……做出好榜样 11.be honored as 被誉为…… 12.be fond of/keen on... 喜欢…… 13.be skilled in sth. 在……方面熟练 14.develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣 15.cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注 佳句 1.The first computer was brought into the world by Vannevar Bush in 1931. From_then_on,_it has enriched people's whole life. 第一台电脑是在 1931 年被范内瓦·布什发明的，从那时起，它丰富 了人们的整体生活。 2.Their inventions have_contributed_to the development of the whole society. 他们的发明促进了整个社会的发展。 3.He is_considered_as a creative scientist and people show great respect to him. 作为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们非常尊重他。 [精美语篇] My favourite invention With the development of science and technology, many new inventions make our daily life easier and more convenient. Among all the inventions, I like the laptop best. I think it is the most amazing invention in the 21st century. Laptops are light and small. They are easy to carry. With a laptop, we can work, study and entertain everywhere. A laptop can get to the Internet outside, which enables us to get the latest information whenever we want. Using a laptop, I can keep in touch with my friends and family through e-mails and QQ at any time and in any place. I think in the future, everybody will have his or her own laptop. 高频单词 1．distinguish (vi.&vt.) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→ distinguished (adj.)杰出的；著 名的 2．passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的→activeadj.(反义词) 积极的 3．seize (vt.) 抓住；捉住；夺 4．freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的→frozen (adj.) 冷冻的；结冰的 5．bear (vt.) 忍受；忍耐；负担→bore (过去式)→born (过去分词) 6．tap (vt.&vi.) 轻打； 轻拍；轻敲 (n.) 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 7．practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的→practise (v.) 练习→practice (n.) 练习，实践 8．merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy (n.)宽大；仁慈 9．convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 便利； 方便→inconvenient (adj.) (反 义词) 不方便的；引起麻烦的 10．caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→ cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地 11．expectation (n.) 预料；期待；期望→expect (v.) 预料；期待；期 望；认为→unexpected (adj.) 未 预料到的 12．innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence (n.) 天真； 清白 13．associate (vt.) 联想；联系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 协 会；社团；联合；联想 14．current (n.)(水或气)流；电流(adj.)现在的；当前的→currently (adv.)现时；当前；普遍地→currency (n.)流行；通货；货币；通用 重点短语 1．call_up 给……打电话 2．set_about 开始；着手 3．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 4．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做) 5．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 6．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 7．hang_on 不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等 8．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障 9．ring_back 回复电话 10．ring_off 挂断电话 热点句型 1．there seems to be...“好像有……” The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there_only_seemed_to_be ( 看 来 只 有 ) powders designed to kill snakes.(教材 P20) 2．“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装 Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition (只有在已得到这种认可之 后) can you say that you are truly an inventor.(教材 P21) 3．nor...until...“直到……才……” Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until (你才能获得专利，直到) a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.(教材 P21) 4．It's a matter of...“这是……的问题” Now it's_a_matter_of(只是) waiting and hoping.(教材 P21) 5．every time“每次……”引导时间状语从句 Every_time(每次)you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(教材 P25) 6．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 Follow_it_up(跟随它)，explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(教材 P25) 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself ________ inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 答案：by 2．This was in the expectation ________ the snakes would bite again. 答案：that 3 ． I set about ________ (research) the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 答案：researching 4．But once ________ (pick) up, they tried to bite me. 答案：picked 5．As they were ________ (poison) snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again. 答案：poisonous 6．________ (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition. 答案：Pressed 7 ． The criteria are so strict ________ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. 答案：that 8．There are a large number of patent examiners, too, ________ only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. 答案：whose 9．It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit ________ led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876. 答案：that 10．Bell was fully aware ________ the importance of his invention. 答案：of 1 distinguish vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨认；辨别 Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(P20) 这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以 捉住蛇又不会伤害它们。 归纳拓展 (1)distinguish between...and... 区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from... 使……有别于…… distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 (2)distinguishedadj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 (3)distinguishableadj. 易分辨的；能区分的 语境助记 ①The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。 ② Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish_between_right_and_wrong. 读好书能充实我们的头脑，教会我们分辨是非。 ③He has already distinguished_himself_as an athlete. 他作为运动员已享有盛名。 ④Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished achievements. 诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。 2 convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. (P20) 它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。 归纳拓展 (1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的 be convenient to 对……很方便 (2)conveniencen. 方便；便利；省事 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 for convenience 为了方便 语境助记 ① [2016 · 全 国 卷 Ⅲ ]If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8 ： 30 outside the school gate. 如果方便的话，让我们 8：30 在校门口外见面。 ② [2016 · 江 苏 高 考 ]Smartphones make it easier and more_convenient_to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo. 智能手机使得人们检查事实，看视频剪辑，读微博更容易也更方便。 ③We should be grateful if you would reply at_your earliest convenience. 如果您能尽快答复，我们会非常感激。 ④We bought this house for_convenience;_it's near the shops and the railway station. 为了方便起见我们买了这座房子，它靠近商店和火车站。 3 bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；显示(标记或特征)；生(孩子) I can't bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. (P24) 我无法忍受烧烤架上香肠的焦糊味。 归纳拓展 (1)can't bear to_do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事 (2)bear in mind that...＝bear/keep sth. in mind 记住…… (3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担 bear responsibility 承担责任 名师点睛  1 bear 表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与 can/could 连用，且多用于否定 句和疑问句中。  2 bear 的过去分词形式，作“生育；生产”讲时用 borne；作“出 生”或“出身”时用 born。 语境助记 ①The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up. [谚]水能载舟，亦能覆舟。 ②I can't_bear_young_people casting away their youth. 我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。 ③Bear_in_mind that success comes from hard work. 记住：成功来自于努力。 ④ Bearing_a_heavy_burden,_she has to work hard to bring up her children. 肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。 4 expectation n．预料；期待；期望 This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. (P21) 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。 归纳拓展 (1)beyond expectation 出乎意料 live up to one's expectation 不辜负某人的期望 meet/come up to one's expectation 达到某人的期望 (2)expectvt.&vi. 期望；预料；预计 expect sth./to do sth./that... 期望某事/期望做某事/期望…… be expected to_do... 被期望/应该做某事 expect sb. to_do... 期望某人做某事 语境助记 ① [ 牛 津 高 阶 ]Unfortunately, the new software has failed to meet_expectations. 遗憾的是新软件并不理想。 ② We know that Mary will do well, but she has succeeded beyond_expectation. 我们知道玛丽会做得不错，但没想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。 ③I am sure that I can perfectly live_up_to_your_expectations. 我相信我能完全达到您的期望。 ④You can't expect_to_learn a foreign language in a few months. 不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。 5 associate vt.联想；联系 associated adj.关联的；联合的 Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. (P26) 虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停 息的探索家，不断寻求着改 善人们生活质量的途径。 归纳拓展 (1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把……和……联系在一起；由…… 联想到…… be associated with...和……有关 associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道 (2)associationn. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with... 与……合伙/合作 语境助记 ①I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood. 一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。 ②[牛津高阶]I don't like you associating_with those people. 我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。 ③We are working in_association_with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们正在联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 ． They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear ________ (let) it happen again. 答案：to let 考查动词不定式。can't bear to do...“不能忍受做……”。 2．The elephant ________ (seize) a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. 答案：seized 考查动词时态。句意：大象抓住了附近的一个树枝然后 放到嘴里。由 and 连接并 列谓语动词 put 可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填 seized。 3 ． It's not easy for experts to distinguish this kind of flu in humans ________ regular human seasonal influenza. 答案：from 考查介词。distinguish...from...“把……和……区分开”。 4 ．When the ice is heated above ________ (freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state. 答案：freezing 考查词性转换。freezing point “冰点”。 5．She ________ (tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it. 答案：tapped 考查动词时态。由句中 didn't 可知，空格处也应用一 般过去时，应填 tapped。 6．Grandma's happiness came from modest ________ (expect) of life. 答案：expectations 考查词性转换。句意：祖母的幸福感来自于对生 活的不太高的期望值。由句 意可知，应用名词形式。 7．He took measures to make up his fault, which received our ________ (recognize)． 答案：recognition 考查词性转换。receive one's recognition“获得认 可”。 8．In the meeting, he put forward ________ (practice) suggestions. 答案：practical 考查词性转换。修饰名词 suggestion 应用形容词 practical，意为“实际的；实用 的”。 9．We can only hope the court is ________ (mercy)． 答案：merciful 考查词性转换。由空格前 is 可知，应用形容词形式， merciful“宽大的；仁慈的”。 10．At last she interrupted ________ (abrupt) what he was saying. 答案：abruptly 考查词性转换。句意：最后她突然打断了他的话。修 饰动词应使用副词形式。 1 call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20) 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话时，她感到很心烦。 归纳拓展 (1)call at 拜访(某个地点) call off 取消；停止 call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召 call for 呼吁；需求；需要；去接(某人) call out 大声地说出；召唤某人 (2)ring/call back 回复电话 ring off/hang up 挂断电话 give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话 (3)hang/hold on 不挂断电话 语境助记 ①The picture called_up memories of her childhood. 这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。 ②I will call_for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate. 我 8 点钟在学校门口接你。 ③The government calls_on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily. 政府号召青年义务献血。 ④Mr White was to call_at my house after he finished his speech. 怀特先生演讲完之后，要去拜访我家。 2 get through 接通电话；(设法)做完；用完；通过；完成 I can't get through.(P26)我接不通电话。 归纳拓展 (1)get (sth.) across (to sb.)(使某事)传播或为(某人)理解 get along with sb.与某人相处；进展 get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 (2)go through 经历；检查 look through 浏览；仔细查看 live through 活过……；经过……之后仍然活着 语境助记 ①It was his warmth and care that helped me get_through the hard time. 是他的温暖和关心帮我度过了那段艰难的日子。 ②It's time I got_down_to_thinking about that essay. 是时候我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。 ③[牛津高阶]He's not very good at getting his ideas across. 他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。 ④写出下列句中 get through 的含义 a．I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(设法)完成 b．I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.打通 电话 c．She found writing helped her get through the rough days.渡过 d．Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过 e．The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 过关演练 选词填空 set about； dive into； get rid of； hang on； call on； ring off； out of order； now and then； call up； get through 1．We ________ a coffee shop to avoid the rain. 答案：dived into 2．We have to ________ these old newspapers. 答案：get rid of 3．They ________ people and the government to take measures to fight against it. 答案：call on 4．I'm sorry, but I've to ________ now. I have a train to catch. 答案：ring off 5．Having made up his mind, he ________ carrying out the plan. 答案：set about 6．It's the love and responsibility that have driven him to ________ many hardships and survive. 答案：get through 7．My clock was ________ and woke me up at 3 this morning. 答案：out of order 8．________ at your present job until you can get another. 答案：Hang on 9．The girl goes to visit her English teacher ________ who retired from school last year. 答案：now and then 10．The smell of the sea ________ the memories of her childhood. 答案：called up 1 ...but it_was_not_until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.(P25) ……但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。 该句为强调句型。句式结构为：It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他， 意为“直到……才……”。 归纳拓展 (1)在 not...until...强调句结构中，只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是 用在强调句型中，till 与 until 可通用。另外主句中的否定词 not 要 提出来，放在 until 之前一起强调，因此 that 后面的从句要用肯 定句，不能再用否定句。 (2)not until 位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序，构成“not until 从句＋ 助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。 语境助记 ①[2016·天津高考]Book reports weren't written until the final threat. 第 58 页 共 58 页 直到最后期限才写了读书报告。 ②It_was_not_until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到快接近信的结尾处她才提到了自己的计划。 ③Not_until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。 2 Follow_it_up,_explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. (P25) 跟随它，不断探索，不知不觉中，将有某些值得思考的东西占据你的 大脑。 本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。 归纳拓展 “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型的三种变化形式： ①“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”结构。 ②“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”(名词短语中通常含有 more, another, further, earlier 等词)结构。 ③“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，or 表示“否则；要不然的话”，or 可用 or else 或 otherwise 替换， 从反面来预测结果。 语境助记 ①Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你会考试及格的。 ②Work hard, or/otherwise/or_else you will fail the exam. 努力学习，否则你考试会不及格的。 ③One_more_effort,_and you'll succeed. 再努力一下，你就会成功。 ④Quit smoking, or you may ruin your health. 要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。 ⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]One_more_look_and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. 他又看了一下，注意到火苗从这辆破损的车下面窜出来。 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。 1．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. 答案：that 考查强调句型。由该句型“It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其 他”可知，应填 that。 第 59 页 共 59 页 2．Seize the chance, ________ you won't have one any more. 答案：or 考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构。句意：抓住这次 机会，否则你不会再有了。由 句意可知，应填 or。 3．Not until he went through real hardship ________ he realize the love we have for our families is important. 答案：did 考查倒装句。not until 位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，再 结合空格前 went 一词可知 应用过去式，故填 did。 4．Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise. 答案：and 考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。句意：给我一次机 会吧，我会给你一个惊喜。 5．Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ I talk to him again. 答案：will 考查倒装句。句意：只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时，我才 会再和他说话。“only＋状 语”位于句首时，句子使用倒装结构。 Ⅱ.句型转换 I didn't recognize him until he took off his glasses. ___________________________________________________________ _____________(改为强调句) → ___________________________________________________________ _____________(改为倒装句) 答案：It was not until he took off his glasses that I recog-nized him. Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him. 复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语 过去分词作定语 1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词构成被动和完 成的关系。这时，相当于一 个定语从句。 The meeting, which was attended by a lot of people, was a success. (用 分词改写) →The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success. 2．有些不及物动词的过去分词(只限于单个分词，且不能后置)也可作 定语，此时只表示完成的动作，而不表示“被动”的意义。 We drank some boiled water and went on with our work. 过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 When hearing of it, we were deeply moved. 过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去 分词动作的对象。 1．过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动 词有“see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, find, think, consider”等。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 2．过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“make, have, get, keep, leave”等。 We will keep you informed of whatever happens. 3．过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类 动词有“want, like, wish, expect”等。 He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting. 4．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中。 The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1．John Snow, a personal physician of Queen Victoria, was willing to help ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera, the deadly disease of its day. 答案：exposed 考查过去分词作定语。句意：维多利亚女王的私人医 生约翰·斯诺愿意帮助那些染上霍乱的老百姓，当时霍乱是一种致命 疾病。设空处与所修饰的名词 people 之间为被动关系，故用过去分 词作定语。 2 ． The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort. 答案：developed 考查过去分词作宾补。develop 与 new products 之 间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。 3．Well, his father seems ________ (please) with his result. 答案：pleased 考查过去分词作表语。句意：不错，他父亲似乎对于 他的成绩感到满意。 4．Most of the people ________ (invite) to the conference were my old friends. 答案：invited 考查过去分词作定语。Most of the people 与 invite 之 间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 5．When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 答案：blocked 考查过去分词作宾补。the road 与 block 之间为被动 关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′) A [2017·山西重点中学测试]Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventorcalled Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine buthe had runintoP1 a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the threadW1 to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savagesW2 whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept gettingcaughtP2 around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practisedW3 sewing machine. Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing JaneEyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识 的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It storesW4 all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange imagesW5 which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”． 篇章导读：文章介绍了缝纫机是如何诞生的。一直困扰着发明家伊莱 亚斯·豪的一个关于缝纫机的问题在梦中找到了答案。许多科学家像 爱迪生、爱因斯坦等都有过在梦中发现问题的经历，这主要是因为大 脑的一部分在无意识下仍然在工作。 1．The problem Howe was trying to solve was ________. A．what kind of thread to use B．how to design a needle which would not break C．where to put the needle D．how to stop the thread from getting caught around the needle 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的“but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle ” 及 第 二 段 中 的 “ Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.”可知，豪面 临的问题是如何避免让线缠绕到针上，所以答案是 C。 2．Thomas Edison is spoken of because ________. A．he also tried to invent a sewing machine B．he got some of his ideas from dreams C．he was one of Howe's best friends D．he also had difficulty in falling asleep 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams.” 可知，豪并不是唯一一个通过此方法找到答案的人，爱迪生也是在梦 中得到答案的，所以答案是 B。 3 ． Dreams are sometimes called “ secret messages to ourselves ” because ________. A．strange images are used to communicate ideas B．images which have no meaning are used C．we can never understand the real meaning D．only specially trained people can understand them 答案：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.”可知，大脑的一部分在无 意识下工作，发信息到其他部分，这部分大脑使用的是一种奇怪的图 像，所以答案是 B。 W 重点单词 1．thread n. 线 2．savage n. 野蛮人；未开化的人 adj. 凶猛的；残暴的 3．practised adj. 熟练的；老到的 4．store vt. 贮存；贮藏 5．image n. 图像；形象；印象 P 重点短语 1．run into 偶然遇到；碰到 2.get caught 被卷入；陷入 B Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for agreatmanyP1 people. Shy people are anxiousW1 and self－conscious; that is, they are concerned with their own appearance and actions too much. Negative thoughts are constantlyW2 occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self－concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves hasadeepeffectonP2 all areas of their lives. Shy people, who have low respect, are likely to be passive and easily influencedW3 by others. They need faith that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior (自卑). They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: “You're just saying that to make me feel good; I know it's not true. ” It is clear that, while self － awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced? FortunatelyW4 ， people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self respect. It is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths. Each one of us has his or her own characteristicsW5. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，分析了害羞对人们的影响并介绍了摆 脱害羞的方法。 4．The first paragraph is mainly about ________. A．the cause of shyness B．the effect of shyness on people C．the feelings of shy people D．the questions in the minds of shy people 答案：B 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可推断，这段主要是关于害羞 对人的影响。 5．According to the writer, self－awareness is ________. A．harmful to people B．a weak point of shy people C．the cause of unhappiness D．a good characteristic 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It is clear that, while self －awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.”可推知，自我 意识是种良好的性格特征。 6．What is the shy people's reaction to praise? A．They are pleased by it. B．They feel it is not true. C．They are very sensitive to it. D．They feel they are worthy of it. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise.” 可知，害羞的人对于赞扬的反应是他们感觉不是真的。 7．We can learn from the passage that shyness can________. A．block our chances for a successful life B．help us to live up to our full development C．enable us to understand ourselves better D．have nothing to do with lack of self respect 答案：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.”可推知，羞怯会阻碍我们实现成功的人生 的机会。 W 重点单词 1．anxious adj. 焦急的；渴望的 2．constantly adv. 连续不断地；经常地 3．influence vt.&n. 影响 4.fortunately adv. 幸运地 5．characteristic n. 特征；特性 adj. 典型的；独特的 P 重点短语 1．a great many 许多的；大量的(修饰可数名词复数) 2．have a deep effect on 对……有很深的影响 Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 7′) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Get Over Ourselves We take ourselves too seriously. A person cuts us off on the way to work, and it ruins our whole day.We get upset with our partners for not taking out the trash, or let our lazy co－worker get under our skin. __1__ A person starts to live when they can live outside themselves. Here are some ways to get over ourselves. We need to tell ourselves to get over ourselves. We need to remind ourselves that it's not about us. SoI suggest you tell yourself, out loud and in the mirror, to get over yourself—over and over. Put a post－it note on your computer at work or leave a reminder on your phone. Just remember, it's not about you. __2__ We need to allow ourselves to make mistakes. We are only humans, and we will always make mistakes. By allowing ourselves to make mistakes and by knowing it's unavoidable, we'll make it a lot easier on ourselves to do so. __3__We can tell someone we love them. Love is all you need. When we stop making it about us and tell someone we love them, it helps calm us down and get back in touch with what matters most. __4__ The faster we get over ourselves, the faster we can spread love with the world around us.__5__ It's almost impossible to be in a bad mood when laughing. Fake it until you make it. Just turn that frown upside down and make it a happy face. Laughter and play is so important to our emotional well－being. A．That is the crazy thing we call love. B．We should focus on what we get. C．We should all just laugh out loud. D．There is no failure, only succeeding and learning. E．The more we can remember that, the easier life is. F．But remember we can't change anyone but ourselves. G．When we focus on the good stuff, that's what we'll see. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，从四个方面介绍了如何超越自我。 1 ． F 根 据 后 文 “ A person starts to live when they can live outside themselves. Here are some ways to get over ourselves. ”可知，设空处表示我们除了自己不能改变任何 人。 2．E 根据上文“Just remember, it's not about you.”可知，此处承接 上文，表示我们越能记住这个， 生活就越容易。 3．D 此处总结上文：没有失败，只有成功和学习。 4．A 该段的主旨为“We can tell someone we love them.”即，我们可 以告诉某些人我们爱他们。 上文说当我们告诉某些人我们爱他们时，这有助于我们冷静下来，再 次意识到什么是最重要的。由此 可知，此处表示：我们把这种疯狂的东西叫做爱。 5．C 下文句意：当你笑的时候你不可能有个坏心情。所谓演久成真。 把皱眉翻了个底朝天， 露出快乐的脸。欢笑和玩耍对我们的情感幸福非常重要。由此可知， 该段的主旨为：我们只需要大声笑。 Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 8′) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的 正确形式。 [2017 · 甘 肃 天 水 高 三 四 模 ]Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted __1__ his new hotel, theworld's first igloo (冰屋) hotel.__2__ (build) in an small town, it has been attracting lots of visitors but soon the fun will be over. Intwo weeks' time Bergqvist's ice creation __3__ (be) nothing more than a pool of water. “We don't see it as abig problem，” he says. “We just look forward to __4__ (replace) it.” Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition. It was __5__ successful that he designed the present one, __6__ measures roughly 200 square meters. Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a __7__ (wood) base; when the snow froze, the base was removed. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success. With no windows,nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures __8__ 0 ℃， it may seem more like a survival test __9__ a relaxing hotel break. “It's great fun，” Bergqvist explains, “As well as a good start in survival training.”The __10__ (popular) of the igloo is beyond doubt: It is now attracting tourists from all over the world. At least 800 people have stayed at the igloo this season even though there are only 10 rooms. 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________ 篇章导读：本文属于记叙文，讲述了瑞典商人 Nile Bergqvist 建造了 世界上第一个冰屋宾馆。 1．with 考查固定短语。be delighted with...“对……满意”。句意： 瑞典商人 Nile Bergqvist 对于 自己的新宾馆，世界上第一个冰屋宾馆很满意。 2．Built 考查分词作状语。build 与主句主语 it 之间构成被动关系， 所以使用过去分词在句中作 状语。句意：虽然被建在一个小镇上，这个宾馆吸引了很多游客。但 不久，这种乐趣将结束。 3．will be 考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语是“in two weeks' time”， 故应用一般将来时。句意： 两周以后，他的冰屋将会成为一池水。 4．replacing 考查动名词。介词 to 之后应跟动名词 replacing。look forward to (doing) sth.“期待(做) 某事”。 5．so 考查固定句式。句式 so...that...“如此……以至于……”。句意： 他的第一个冰屋如此成功 以至于他设计了现在这一个。 6．which 考查非限制性定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是“the present one”，关系代词 which 指代先行词，并在句中作主语。 7．wooden 考查形容词。空格后有名词 base，空格前有 a，故应填 形容词形式。wooden“木制的”。 8．below 考查介词。本题属于常识题，冰屋的存在要求温度在零度 以下，故填介词 below。 9．than 考查固定搭配。more...than...意为“与其说……倒不如 说……”。句意：与其说它是一个 休闲的宾馆还不如说是一个生存测试。 10．popularity 考查名词。定冠词 the 后应跟名词 popularity 介词 短语“of the igloo”是 popularity 的后置定语。 Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 20′) 假如你是李华，你的一位外国网友 Peter 给你发来电子邮件说他在 新华网上看到一则消息：在北京拥挤的地铁里，随处可见人们忙着用 手机刷微博、看微信或玩游戏，读书的人却很少见。中国是文 明古国，有着悠久的阅读传统，而现在很多中国人似乎失去读书的兴 趣。请就这条消息谈谈你的看法并以电子邮件回复。内容包括： 1．客观情况； 2．个人看法。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语和结束语已为你写好。 Dear Peter， I'm glad to receive your e-mail in which you asked me to tell you my opinion about the news. Yours sincerely， Li Hua [标准范文] Dear_Peter， I'm_glad_to_receive_your_e-mail_in_which_you_asked_me_to_tell_you _my_opinion_about_the_news.Nowadays, more and more people are addicted to their phones all day, not only including the young people, but also the elderly. It can be seen anywhere such as in subways, restaurants, elevators and so on. They would rather spend lots of time in watching their mobile phones than read books. I think we should read more books in our spare time. Reading can broaden our vision. When we read books, we have the opportunity to learn the knowledge of many aspects such as biography, science, technology, culture, economy and so on. What's more, the beautiful things described in the books can make us feel relaxed and comfortable. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua