【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案(1)

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案(1)

定语从句 ①阅读理解中的长难句；‎ ②考关系词：语法填空（不给提示词）和短文改错（增删关系词、关系词用错）。‎ 读句子，猜猜他是谁？‎ He is a player who is very famous in the world.‎ Heplaysfootballwhichispopularallovertheworld. Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger.‎ He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held.‎ Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyearwhenthe18thWorld Cup washeld.‎ Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful?‎ 定语从句的概念 一、 定语的概念 句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式， 分词，动名词或从句来充当，且定语往往翻译为“…的”。‎ 即学即练 指出下列句子中的定语由何种词句充当：‎ ‎① I have a pretty dog. 答案：pretty形容词 ‎ ‎② He is in the reading room. 答案：reading现在分词 二、 定语从句的概念 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词（跑在前面的词），定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。‎ 1) 定语从句的结构：‎ 圈出每句中被修饰的名词。‎ He is a player who is very famous in the world.‎ Heplaysfootballwhichispopularallovertheworld. ‎ Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger.‎ He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held.‎ Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyearwhenthe18thWorld Cup washeld.‎ 即学即练 Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful?‎ 指出如下句子的先行词、关系词和定语从句：‎ The boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. ‎ He was the leader of the team in the year when the 18th World Cup was held.‎ 先行词：the boy、the year ‎ 关系词：who、when ‎ 定语从句： who broke the window is Tom’s brother.when the 18th World Cup was held.‎ 1) 为什么有不同的关系词？‎ He is a player who is very famous in the world.‎ 拆分：He is a player. The player is very famous in the world.（主语）‎ 拆分句子，并观察先行词在从句中充当什么成分。‎ I have never seen the girl who you mentioned yesterday. ‎ She is the teacher who we want to visit.‎ 关系词常有三个作用：‎ 1. 引导定语从句 1. 代替先行词 2. 在定语从句中担当一个成分 结论：在定语从句中，关系词如何选择，关键要看先行词在定语从句中作什么样的成分。但先行词可以是人、物、地点、时间、原因等，所以要区分开讲。‎ 关系代词 常见的关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句中成分 例句 who 人 主语，宾语(可省略)‎ A teacher is a person who/that passes knowledge to students. ‎ He is the man( who/ whom/ that) I sawyesterday.‎ whom 人 宾语(可省略)‎ The woman (whom) you met in the street isKate.‎ whose 人或物 定语 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. The man whose son is a doctor is our professor.‎ which 物 主语，宾语( 可省略)‎ This is the room in which he lived last year. Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.‎ that 人或物 主语，宾语(可省略)，表语 Is there anything (that) I can do for you?‎ 即学即练 is learning English over there.‎ 1) I know the boy you often go to school with.‎ father is a teacher.‎ toMike is talking.‎ costs me 61 Yuan.‎ 1) I like the bookmy father bought for me.‎ cover is purple.‎ 答案：1）who/that；who/whom/that；whose；whom 2）which/that；which/that；whose 1. 易用who不用that的情况 ①　 先行词是指人的不定代词，如one，anyone，onone，all等，或先行词为those指人时。‎ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard an studies well.‎ ②　 引导非限制性定语从句时。‎ The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.‎ ③　 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般应用who。‎ The boy that you meet last night is the group leader who studies very 2. 宜用that不用which的情况 口诀：这里不日重赘二表婿 ①　 这 当主句以here，there开头时。‎ Ø Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for. ‎ ②　 不 不定代词后，如something，anything， everything，much, few, none, all等。‎ Ø All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光的并不都是金子/人不可貌相 ③　 日 the，有几个短语 the only, the just, the very, the right，thelast等后。‎ Ø You are the right person that I want to see.‎ ④　 重 重复，如果前面有 which或who，后面不要再出现which或who，而要用that引导定语从句。‎ Ø Which is the true story that he told us?‎ ⑤　 赘 最高级，前面如果有最高级，后面要用that引导定语从句。‎ Ø This is the most interesting movie that I have seen this year.‎ ①　 二 人+物，先行词是人和物的时候，后面要用that引导定语从句。‎ Ø They are talking about the people and the thing that they can remember.‎ ②　 表 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。‎ Ø The city is no longer the place that it used to be.‎ ③　 婿 序数词，前面如果有序数词，后面要用that引导定语从句。‎ Ø This is the third book that i have finished this year.‎ 1. 宜用which不用that的情况 ①　 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。‎ Ø This is the room in which he lives.‎ ②　 引导非限制性定语从句时。‎ Ø Tom came back, which made us very happy.‎ ③　 在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用 which。‎ Ø Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly ope.‎ 做题两步走：‎ 1. 找到从句划括号：连接词起，第二个动词前止。‎ 2. 根据成分选连词 一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；‎ 三看充当啥成分，四看是否属特殊。‎ 2. 先行词是句子（非限制性定语从句）‎ 关系词 位置 意思 用法 as 句首或句中 正如 多用被动 which 句中 ‎/，这件事，那件事 多用主动 常见的固定表达有:‎ as we all know正如大家所知as is well-know众所周知 as often happens这经常发生as is often the case情况总是如此 as(is) mentioned above如上所述as has been said before如前所述 as I can remember正如我所记得的as has been pointed out正如已经指出的 as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样 as we expect/ as is expected正如我们预料的那样 拓展：‎ (1) as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。限制性定语从句中，它常在so/such…as…、the same…as…等结构中，as不能省略。‎ Ø There is no such place as you dream of in this world.‎ ‎ I have the same trouble as you have.‎ (2) 当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句。用that引导时指同一物，as引导指同类。‎ Ø This is the same bike that l lost two months ago.‎ 这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。‎ Ø This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.‎ 这辆自行车像我两个月前丢的那辆。‎ (3) 先行词前有such或as修饰时，从句用as引导，构成”such…as…"结构引导的定语从句，而"such/so..that.."结构意为"如此…以至于…，引导结果状语从句。‎ 翻译：‎ Ø She is such a good teacher as everyone respects. 答案：她是一个人人都尊敬的好老师。‎ Ø She is such a good teacher that everyone respects her.答案：她是一个好老师，人人都尊敬的。‎ 1. 先行词是代词 先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词 Ø I don’t like those who talk much but do little. ‎ 即学即练 Ø The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there. ‎ 二、 填空题 1) The man coat is black is waiting at the gate.‎ 2) Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.‎ 3) These book are for students mother language is not English.‎ 4) Please tell me from you borrowed the English novel.‎ 5) This is the person you are looking for.‎ 6) That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.‎ 7) The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.‎ 8) English is the most difficult subject you will learn during these years. ‎ 9) The bike and its rider had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station. ‎ 10) You should hand in all you have.‎ 答案：‎ 一、将下列句子合并为定语从句 1) The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One.‎ 1) I found the letter which/that came yesterday.‎ 2) The man who/that/whom you met just now is my friend.‎ 3) This is the pen which/that he bought yesterday.‎ 4) I helped the man whose car wad broken.‎ 二、填空题 1) whose 2) who/that/whom 3) whose 4) whom 5) who/that/whom 6) whose 7) which/that 8) that 9) that 10) taht