2018届二轮语法专题复习名词课件(32张)

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2018届二轮语法专题复习名词课件(32张)

2018 届二轮复习 名词 考点归纳 考点一 名词词义辨析 高考对名词词义辨析的考查主要体现在单项填空和完形填空中,其选项基本上是形似的词、意义相近但用法不同的词或者形式和意义都不相关的词。解这类题的关键是要弄清楚选项中各个名词的含义,同时也要注意联系上下文的搭配和语境。 【 考例 1】My first _____ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.  ( 山东 2012) A. expression           B. attention C. satisfaction         D. impression 【 分析 】 选 D 。这四个选项都是以 -ion 结尾的,但意义 不相关。 expression 表情,表达,词语; attention 注意,专心,关注; satisfaction 满 意,满足; impression 印象。根据表语从句 的内容可知,这是“我”对他的第一印象, 只有 D 项符合题意。 【 考例 2】The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _____ to the digital resources of the library. ( 浙江 2009) A. access               B. passage C. way                   D. approach 【 分析 】 选 A 。这四个名词属于近义词。由 The system, give 及 to the digital resources 可 知,在此用 access 表示“接近的机会”。 passage 通道,走廊; way 道路,方式,方 法; approach 方法,靠近,接近。 【 考例 3】You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _____. ( 江西 2012) A. purpose         B. reference C. progress        D. memory 【 分析 】 选 B 。这四个名词的形式和意义都不相 关,只需根据题干的意思和选项本身的含 义作出判断。根据题意和常识可知,记下 电话号码为的是方便以后参( reference )。 purpose 目的; progress 进步; memory 记忆 力,记性。 考点二 名词固定搭配 【 考例 】You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _____ between work and relaxation. ( 天津 2012) A. promise          B. lead C. balance           D. diary 【 分析 】 选 C 。该题考查固定搭配。 keep a balance between ... and ... 意为“在 …… 和 …… 之间保持平衡”。 考点三 名词的格 名词的所有格在句中表示所属关系,用来作定语,修饰名词。 1. 有生命的名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’ s” 。 Tom’s bike ; Women’s Day ; the editor in chief’s office 2. 如果一个事物为两个人共有,只在后一个名词的词 尾加 “’ s” ;如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词 尾都加“’ s” 。 Tom and Mike’s room ( 共有 ) Tom’s and Mike’s books ( 不共有 ) 3. 表示时间、距离、价格、重量、国家、城市的无生 命名词,可以在词尾加“’ s” 或“’”表示所有格。 today’s papers; ten minutes’ walk; five pounds’ weight; ten dollars’ worth of coffee; the world’s population; China’s industry; New York’s parks 4. 表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去 shop, house, home 。如: the tailor’s; the doctor’s, my uncle’s 。 5. 无生命的名词的所有格通常用 of 短语来表示所有关 系。如: the window of the room ; the gate of No.1 Middle School 种类 例词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters 形单意复 people, police, youth, cattle, staff 形复意单 news, physics, politics 考点四 名词的数 1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化 种类 例词 合成词变复数 passerby→passersby, soninlaw→sonsin-law, lookeron→lookerson, gobetween→go-betweens, grownup→grownups 词形变化 man→men, child→children , tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice , medium→media 2. 不可数名词的数 (1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时,以复数形式出现; 表示特指时,可以和定冠词连用;表示“某种” 或“一次”的意义时,可以和不定冠词连用。 in surprise“ 惊讶地”, a surprise“ 一件令人惊讶 的事”; win success“ 获得成功”, a success“ 一个 / 件成功 的人 / 事”; by experience“ 靠经验”, an experience“ 一次经 历”; with pleasure“ 乐意”, a pleasure“ 一件乐事”。 (2) 物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类 之多时,可以用作可数名词,有单、复 数。 some coffee“ 一些咖啡”, three coffees“ 三杯 咖啡”; some drink“ 一些饮料”, three drinks“ 三杯 饮料”; his hair“ 他的头发”, a few grey hairs“ 几根 白发”; glass“ 玻璃”, a glass“ 一只玻璃杯”。 (3) 有些不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊的意 义。 time“ 时间”, times“ 次数,时代,倍”; wood“ 木头”, woods“ 树林”; sand“ 沙子”, sands“ 沙滩”; work“ 工作”, works“ 工厂,著作,工程, 工事”。 考点五 名词作定语 1. 名词作定语时,通常要用单数形式。 2. man/woman 作定语修饰名词时,随名词的单 复数变化一起变化。如: a man doctor 一名 男大夫; two men doctors 两名男大夫。 3. 某些常用复数的名词当它们用作定语时,也 须用复数形式。如: clothes shop 服装商店 sports meet 运动会。 真题再现 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art.    ( 天津 2013) A. way             B. relation C. taste             D. habit 解析: C 。题意:她在巴黎期间开始喜欢美 术。 develop a taste for 意为“开始喜欢”,符合题意。 2. Carbon dioxide, which makes a _____ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. ( 湖北 2013) A. difference         B. comparison C. connection        D. barrier 解析: D 。由 prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere 可知,二氧化碳在“我们”和太阳之间形成了一个屏障( barrier )。 3. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _____. ( 江西 2013) A. curiosity       B. satisfaction C. envy              D. patience 解析 : D 。题意:无论我何时犯了错误,老师都耐心地指出来。 with patience (耐心地)符合题意。 4. As the world’s population continues to grow, the _____ of food becomes more and more of a concern.  ( 浙江 2013) A. worth           B. supply   C. package        D. list 解析: B 。由从句(世界人口持续增加)可知,食物的供应( supply )越来越成为人们关注的问题。 5. With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _____ for the better.  ( 江苏 2013) A. share                B. chance       C. turn                  D. lead 解析: C 。 take a turn for the better 意为“向好的方向发展”,是固定表达。 巩固练习 1. David used the money for his own _____, instead of using it to help others. A. nature           B. care C. benefit       D. advice C 2. The old man is recovering from a(n) _____ after his pet dog attacked him. A. conversation            B. vacation C. occupation               D. operation D 3. Toys are of great _____ in the kindergarten because they give children opportunities to learn new skills. A. value                B. luck C. quality             D. interest A 4. From my grandma’s experience, I learn that chest pain or discomfort is the most common _____ of heart attack. A. similarity               B. sample C. symptom                D. shade C 5. When he returned to his hometown after the war, he found it had changed beyond _____. A. control                    B. measure C. compare                 D. recognition D 6. — Why do you want to go to the beach? — A sunny day is a good _____. A. consequence       B. excuse C. appointment       D. order B 7. These old machines are still in _____; you shouldn’t have thrown them away. A. demand                 B. confusion C. progress                D. peace A 8. Considering the long-term business relationship between us, we shall give you a special _____ of 10%. A. degree             B. amount C. discount         D. account C 9. The government wants to meet its ____ of building three million new homes by 2020. A. solution        B. function C. method         D. target D 10. In a court of law, an accused person’s _____ is the process of presenting evidence in their favour. A. relief             B. safety C. shelter          D. defence D
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