【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题冲刺训练10篇（一）（含有解析）学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题冲刺训练10篇（一）（含有解析）学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题冲刺训练10篇（一）‎ ‎【一】‎ I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate __1__ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn’t usually do things like this for __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.‎ Then he opened one of his bags and gave me __6__ handful of freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I __8__ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, __9__ I didn’t even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it’s __10__ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.‎ ‎1．when　hardly ...when ...意为“一……就……”，为固定用法，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2．to　say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，故填介词to。‎ ‎3．surprised　此处是过去分词作形容词，在句子中作表语，修饰人。‎ ‎4．strangers　根据语境可知，此处表示“陌生人”，应用名词形式stranger，又因stranger是可数名词，故用复数形式。‎ ‎5．unusual　根据“at least that was what I understood”可推知，老人说的方言很不同寻常。‎ ‎6．a　固定搭配a handful of意为“一把……”，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎7．explaining　explain和主句谓语动词之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且和句子主语he之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式explaining。‎ ‎8．had not done　根据“I would never have tasted those lovely cherries”可知，空处表示对过去情况的假设，故用过去完成时；此处表示“‎ 如果我没有那样做，我将永远不会品尝到这些好吃的樱桃”，应用否定形式。‎ ‎9．which　分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作had的宾语。定语从句的先行词为cherries。‎ ‎10．generally　修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally。‎ ‎【二】‎ Nowadays, more and more people have chances to travel, study，work or even live abroad.It is necessary for you to keep in mind these general __1__ (rule) for polite behavior.‎ If you __2__ (invite) to an American friend’s home for dinner, first of all, arrive approximately on time (but not early)．Americans expect promptness (准时)．‎ When you’re invited to someone’s home for a meal, __3__ is polite to bring a small gift.Flowers or candies are always appropriate.If you have an attractive item __4__ (make) in your native country, your host or hostess would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift.‎ Wearing proper clothes and a beautiful smile is simply not enough.Table manners are also of great __5__ (important)．Do not open your mouth to talk, __6__ you have swallowed your food.Also，chew food with your mouth __7__ (close)．When you want to get the food that is at a distance, do not stretch your hands to reach __8__ it.Instead, ask for the food to be passed to you.‎ Don’t leave __9__ (immediate) after dinner, but don’t overstay your welcome, either.When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation, take their behavior as a signal to leave.The next day, call or write __10__ thankyou note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.‎ 语篇解读：如今，人们有越来越多的机会出国旅游、学习甚至定居。本文以在美国被邀请去别人家做客时应该注意的一些(餐桌)礼仪为例，向我们介绍了在异国他乡和外国人接触时应注意的一些规则。‎ ‎1．rules　rule为可数名词，前有these修饰，所以用复数形式。故填rules。‎ ‎2．are invited　本文介绍的是客观情况，且根据主句为一般现在时可知，从句也应用一般现在时；you与invite之间为被动关系，即“你被邀请”，应用被动语态。故填are invited。‎ ‎3．it　设空处在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to bring a small gift。故填it。‎ ‎4．made　If引导的是一个状语从句，且从句中已有谓语动词have，因此，make应用非谓语动词形式；item和make之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填made。‎ ‎5．importance　设空前有介词of和形容词great修饰，应用名词形式；be of importance意为“重要的”，相当于be important。‎ ‎6．unless　句意：除非你已咽下食物，否则不要张嘴说话。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”，故填unless。‎ ‎7．closed　句意：此外，咀嚼食物时，嘴要闭着。此处为with的复合结构，根据句意，设空处表示“闭着的”这种状态，所以用过去分词转化的形容词作宾语补足语。故填closed。‎ ‎8．for　reach for为固定搭配，意为“伸手去够”。故填for。‎ ‎9．immediately　设空处修饰动词leave，作状语，应用副词形式。故填immediately。‎ ‎10．a　设空处表泛指，指“一张便条”，应用不定冠词。故填a。‎ ‎【三】‎ No one loves me more than my parents, especially my father.My father is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.At first sight you may feel him hard __1__ (approach)．In fact, he is very kind and considerate.I believe my father is a __2__ (talent) man.He is decisive and efficient in doing things.By his own talents and years of efforts, he __3__ (provide) the family with a good social position and a __4__ (relative) rich life.Besides, he lives in harmony __5__ others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life come to my house, from __6__ I’ve gained lots of social experience.But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high __7__ (expectation) of me.I can see that my idling away time __8__ (hurt) him deeply, while if I have done something great and meaningful, such as __9__ (write) a book, he will be more excited than me.I always remind myself I must go on and on, and never __10__ I give up halfway.‎ 语篇解读：作者的父亲善良、体贴并有才能，通过自己的努力，他帮助家人过上了相对富裕的生活，但对作者却非常严格。‎ ‎1．to approach　形容词后常用动词不定式作状语，且此处动词与him之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的主动形式表被动，故填to approach。‎ ‎2．talented　设空处作定语，修饰名词man，应用形容词，故填talented。‎ ‎3．has provided　此处强调provide的动作已完成，且结果仍对现在有影响，应用现在完成时。故填has provided。‎ ‎4．relatively　设空处修饰形容词rich，应用副词。故填relatively。‎ ‎5．with　in harmony with ...为固定短语，意为“与……协调/和睦”，故填with。‎ ‎6．whom　分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为people，指人，设空处在介词from后作宾语，故填whom。‎ ‎7．expectations　句意：但是在家里他是个严父，对我很严厉，并对我有很高的期望。根据句意，expectation在此意为“期望；指望”，常用复数形式。故填expectations。‎ ‎8．hurts　本文为客观介绍“我”的父亲，“我的虚度光阴伤害了父亲”是一般事实，因此应用一般现在时。故填hurts。‎ ‎9．writing　such as用于举例，其后如果接动词，应用动名词形式。故填writing。‎ ‎10．will/shall　never为表示否定意义的副词，置于句首，句子常用部分倒装，即助动词、be动词或情态动词提至主语之前；根据句意，give up的动作并未发生，表将来，故填will/shall。‎ ‎【四】‎ Imagine a road crossing without the threeway traffic signal.Cars, trucks, school buses, bicyclists and students walking to school would try to rush through the crossing __1__ the same time.Their safety would be in danger.‎ Thanks to an AfricanAmerican __2__ (invent) named Garrett Augustus Morgan, we have threeposition traffic signals that help make crossings much safer.Mr.Morgan was born in Kentucky in 1877.He only __3__ (receive) six years’ education.As a teen he left his family’s farm in search of better opportunities.__4__ (live) in Cincinnati, Ohio, he continued his studies in English grammar.Then he moved on to Cleveland __5__ he worked as a repairman for a clothing factory.He had a keen interest in solving problems __6__ (meet) in everyday life.Later he patented (获得……的专利权) several inventions.The threeway traffic signal was just one of his famous inventions.One day he felt very sad when he saw a traffic accident.__7__ (help) reduce traffic accidents and save people’s lives, he __8__ (immediate) began to work on the invention.Finally, it was __9__ great success which saved lives then, and __10__ (be) still saving lives today.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文介绍了发明三岔路交通信号灯的非裔美国人，并介绍了这一发明对人类的重要性。‎ ‎1．at　at the same time意为“同时”，为固定短语。故填at。‎ ‎2．inventor　设空前有冠词an及AfricanAmerican修饰，因此设空处应用名词形式；根据named Garrett Augustus Morgan可知，此处指人。故填inventor。‎ ‎3．received　句意：他仅仅接受了六年的教育。根据句意，此处讲述过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。故填received。‎ ‎4．Living　live与主语he之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填Living。‎ ‎5．where　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Cleveland，且在从句中充当地点状语，故应用where引导该从句。‎ ‎6．met　分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语had，设空处应用非谓语动词；meet与problems之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填met。‎ ‎7．To help　句意：为了帮助减少交通事故，拯救人们的生命，他立刻开始致力于这项发明。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To help。‎ ‎8．immediately　句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰谓语动词began，应用副词形式。故填immediately。‎ ‎9．a　success在此为抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事”，其前应用不定冠词a。‎ ‎10．is　根据时间状语today可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为it，故填is。‎ ‎【五】‎ Visiting Xi’an was once my dream.It became a reality when I was admitted to a training course in China along with two other __1__ (lady)．Finally, the day arrived __2__ I landed at Xianyang International Airport in early August.As soon as I landed, I __3__ (feel) a change in the atmosphere.I saw people standing in queues __4__ (wait) for their turn at the immigration desk.Afterwards, we were transported to the office in the International Exhibition Center.China had invited participants __5__ twentythree developing countries to share digital television broadcasting techniques with them.‎ In my 20 days in Xi’an, I got the opportunity to observe Chinese culture closely, __6__ thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.Now, Xi’an is like my second home.Since I came back to ‎ Pakistan, I have been missing Xi’an __7__ (bad)．‎ My 20day stay in Xi’an was __8__ great experience.It was a learning opportunity, and also a chance to __9__ (broad) my understanding of diversity.I learned that despite differences of colors, heights, races and religions, all human beings __10__ (tie) by the bond of humanity, and that the future of nations is global with development and peace.‎ 语篇解读：作者通过去西安参加一个培训课程的经历，增加了对中国文化的了解，感叹文化是不分国界和种族的。‎ ‎1．ladies　数词two后接可数名词的复数形式，故填ladies。‎ ‎2．when　句意：八月初，当我降落到咸阳国际机场时，那一天终于到来了。设空处引导时间状语从句，故填when。‎ ‎3．felt　根据从句时态提示词landed可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填felt。‎ ‎4．waiting　此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，wait与people之间为主动关系，要用现在分词作宾补。故填waiting。‎ ‎5．from　设空处表示“来自……”，故填介词from。‎ ‎6．and　分析句子结构可知，句中不缺少成分，由此可知，是两个并列分句，且是递进关系，故填and。‎ ‎7．badly　修饰missing用副词，故填badly。‎ ‎8．a　experience作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，因此此处用不定冠词表示泛指。故填a。‎ ‎9．broaden　不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填broaden，意为“增长；扩大”。‎ ‎10．are tied　主语human beings与谓语动词tie之间为被动关系，且主语是复数，故填are tied。‎ ‎【六】‎ Almost everyone in the world has friends.Friends are found anywhere, at anytime.Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can have many __1__ (distinct) in some ways.Regardless of their similarities or differences, __2__ makes a great difference to have friends.‎ Having friends who are similar to us can be __3__ (benefit), because we can enjoy ‎ things together, such as going to clubs __4__ to the movies.In addition, we can share our opinions with our friends.‎ ‎__5__， having friends who are different from us would also have some advantages.They are able to introduce us to new and different things; therefore, we’re provided with __6__ (expect) experiences in life.Furthermore, they could provide us __7__ a different view on a certain matter.‎ As for me, I prefer to choose friends similar to __8__ (I)．I feel that friendship between us will be smoother and __9__ (enjoy)．However, I never refuse a friendship __10__ (offer) by a friend who is different from me.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讨论了结交一些与自己兴趣爱好相同的朋友以及与自己性格爱好不同的朋友的优点。‎ ‎1．distinctions　设空处前有many修饰，应用可数名词复数形式，故填distinctions。‎ ‎2．it　本句缺少主语，Regardless of ...在句中作状语，to have friends为真正的主语，故用it作形式主语。‎ ‎3．beneficial　句意：结交与自己(兴趣爱好)相似的朋友是有好处的，因为我们可以一起分享很多东西，如去俱乐部或去看电影。设空处作表语，应用形容词。故填beneficial，意为“有益的；有利的”。‎ ‎4．or/and　句意见上一题解析。根据句意，going to clubs与(going) to the movies之间可为选择关系也可为并列关系，故用连词or或and连接。‎ ‎5．However　本段表述结交与自己兴趣爱好不同的朋友的好处，与第二段内容形成对比关系，且本空位于句首，应填副词However。‎ ‎6．unexpected　句意：他们能够为我们引荐新的或不同的东西；因此，他们能带给我们一些意想不到的人生经历。设空处修饰名词experiences，应用形容词；根据句意可知，设空处表示“意想不到的”，故填unexpected。‎ ‎7．with　provide sb.with sth.为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”。故填with。‎ ‎8．myself/me　设空处作to的宾语，此处可理解为宾语与主语同指一人，因此，用反身代词；也可理解为作to的宾语，用人称代词的宾格形式。故填myself或me。‎ ‎9．more enjoyable　设空处与smoother为并列关系，因此，也应用形容词比较级。故填more enjoyable。‎ ‎10．offered　句中已有谓语refuse，设空处应用非谓语动词；offer与friendship之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故填offered，相当于which is offered by ...。‎ ‎【七】‎ Several countries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their own way.But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns all over the world have helped to make China’s New Year the most famous.These days growing __1__ (number) of people who are not of Chinese origin are joining in.In Tokyo window cleaners dress up __2__ the animals of the Chinese Shengxiao.America, Canada and New Zealand have published memorial stamps for the Year of the Rooster.Last year New York City made the Lunar New Year __3__ school holiday for the first time.‎ The spread of the Spring Festival is partly due __4__ recent immigration from China: 9.5 million Chinese people __5__ (move) abroad since 1978, many of __6__ are far richer than earlier waves of immigrants.‎ Aware of China’s growing economic and political influence, foreign leaders have noticed the occasion.Britain’s prime minister, Theresa May, has given a video address, a tradition __7__ (start) in 2014 by her predecessor (前任)．This year’s World Economic Forum in Davos was held a week earlier than usual __8__ (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year.‎ China hopes the festival will promote __9__ (it) cultural “soft power” abroad.So it may give Chinese people __10__ (satisfy) to see foreigners enjoy such festivities.‎ ‎1．numbers　growing numbers of为固定短语，意为“越来越多的”，修饰可数名词复数。‎ ‎2．as　dress up as ...为固定搭配，意为“装扮成，扮作……”。‎ ‎3．a　holiday作“假期”讲，是可数名词，因此，其前用不定冠词a。‎ ‎4．to　be due to为固定搭配，意为“由于……”。故填to。‎ ‎5．have moved　根据时间状语since 1978可知，此处用现在完成时。故填have moved。‎ ‎6．whom　此处为定语从句，先行词为9.5 million Chinese people，指人，在从句中作of的宾语，因此用whom引导该从句。‎ ‎7．started　根据空后by her predecessor ‎ (前任)可知，tradition和start之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故填started。‎ ‎8．to avoid　句意：今年的达沃斯世界经济论坛比往年提前了一周举办，以避免和中国农历新年冲突。根据句意可知，________ (avoid) conflicting with China’s New Year在句中作目的状语，因此，应用动词不定式。故填to avoid。‎ ‎9．its　设空处指代主语China，与形容词cultural共同修饰“soft power”，因此应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。‎ ‎10．satisfaction　give sb.sth.为固定搭配，意为“给某人某物”。设空处应用名词，故填satisfaction。‎ ‎【八】‎ Today I spent time __1__ (talk) to an old friend about some of the choices that we have made in our lives.We both agree that life has __2__ (basic) been good to us.And we are very __3__ (thank) for what we have been blessed with.‎ Today I would like you to think about your journey and where you see yourself in the next five years.Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be? If you are like me, you are working daily on those goals.I work on my __4__ (aim) because I am excited about that opportunity.‎ However, I do realize that sometimes life can get __5__ the way of our goals.I remember when my friend __6__ (decide) to buy her first house, she had everything __7__ (line) up.But at this time her father died, so she had to move back home __8__ (help) take care of her mother.Her goal was delayed, but she didn’t give it up completely.And that’s exactly __9__ key to this all.In order to achieve your goals, you have to keep working on __10__.‎ 语篇解读：你为自己的未来设定目标了吗？如今你是否完成了以前的目标？有时生活的琐事会阻碍我们实现目标，但只要不放弃，为目标而坚持，总会有实现目标的一天。‎ ‎1．talking　spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填talking。‎ ‎2．basically　空格处修饰谓语动词has been，所以要用副词，故填basically，意为“基本上”。‎ ‎3．thankful　be动词后应用形容词作表语，be thankful for ...意为“对……感激”，为固定短语。‎ ‎4．aims　形容词性物主代词后应用名词作宾语，aim是可数名词，根据前面的goals可知，空格处要用复数形式，故填aims。‎ ‎5．in　get in the way of意为“挡路；阻碍”，故填in。‎ ‎6．decided　本句是陈述过去的一件事情，所以要用一般过去时，故填decided。‎ ‎7．lined　line up意为“安排，组织”，had在此为使役动词，且everything和line up之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填lined。‎ ‎8．to help　空格处作目的状语，故填动词不定式to help。‎ ‎9．the　the key to ...意为“……的关键”，为固定短语，故填the。‎ ‎10．them　句意：为了实现目标，你就不得不一直为之努力。根据句意可知，此处是指前面的复数名词goals，故填代词them。‎ ‎【九】‎ My doorbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy.In her other hand __1__ (be) a paper bag.She is the little boy’s grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought __2__ house next door last October.Nicole has __3__ (obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided __4__ (supply) me with meals.‎ I know what is inside the paper bag — a bottle of hot soup and a __5__ (contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat.It’s become a daily occurrence.‎ Communication __6__ us is somewhat difficult because she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food.She pointed to the screen, __7__ showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know __8__ the food was all right for me.‎ So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of __9__ (we) being able to speak the other’s language but communicating one way or another (with some help from technology)．The doorbell keeps __10__ (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.‎ 语篇解读：本文描述了两位异国的老太太，虽然语言不通，但是在现代技术的帮助下互相交流，彼此关心，让人再次想起“远亲不如近邻”这句古语。‎ ‎1．is　表示方位的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be, stand, sit,‎ ‎ lie等时，用完全倒装形式。本句真正的主语a paper bag是第三人称单数，全文的基本时态是一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎2．the　根据后面的next door可知，此处应特指隔壁的那所房子，故填定冠词the。‎ ‎3．obviously　设空处作插入成分描述整个句子的状态，要用副词，故填obviously。‎ ‎4．to supply　decide后跟动词不定式作宾语，意为“决定做某事”。故填to supply。‎ ‎5．container　句意：我知道纸袋里面是什么——一瓶热汤和一个装有米饭、蔬菜和肉的容器。冠词后面应是名词，根据句意可知，设空处指“盛饭菜的容器”，故填container。‎ ‎6．between　根据设空后的内容可知，此处指作者和老太太之间的交流，两者之间应用介词between。‎ ‎7．which　分析句子结构可知，此处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是表示物的the screen，而且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。‎ ‎8．if/whether　分析句子结构可知，此处应是宾语从句的引导词，根据上下文逻辑可知，该空应是“是否”之意，故填if或whether。‎ ‎9．us　介词of后面要用代词的宾格作宾语，故填us。‎ ‎10．ringing　keep后面用动名词作宾语，意为“一直做某事”。故填ringing。‎ ‎【十】‎ Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I __1__ (live) in the heart of a city.The rent for my apartment was really cheap __2__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me __3__ I could sleep.“Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars __4__ (play) loud music day and night and my apartment was above a(n) __5__ (real) loud and noisy one.But I found it all fascinating.If I were ever short of cash and couldn’t afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __6__ look around.You see, there __7__ (be) always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone __8__ (interest) to talk with.And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for __9__ (do) a few odd jobs for him.At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor.Sometimes, we don’t realize how __10__ (fortune) we are, do we?‎ 语篇解读：作者在最贫困时曾经居住在闹市。那时虽然在物质上很穷，但作者依然觉得自己很幸运。‎ ‎1．lived　根据时间状语Years ago可知，应用一般过去时，故填lived。‎ ‎2．because　句意：我公寓的租金很便宜，因为这套公寓位于城镇中最繁忙的一个街区的中间。根据句意可知，空格处引导原因状语从句，故填because。‎ ‎3．how　句意：来看望我的人们通常会问我怎么睡得着。空格处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，根据句意可知从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。‎ ‎4．playing　句中已有谓语动词were，故空格处应用非谓语动词，且play与shops and bars之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语。‎ ‎5．really　空格处修饰形容词loud和noisy，应用副词形式，故填really。‎ ‎6．a　take a look意为“看一看”，为固定搭配，故填a。‎ ‎7．were　there be句型中，be动词的数与其后的名词的数要保持一致，本句中应与tourists一致，故be动词应用复数形式；全文的主体时态为一般过去时，故填were。‎ ‎8．interesting　someone interesting意为“有趣的人”。空格处为形容词作后置定语修饰someone。‎ ‎9．doing　in exchange for ...意为“作为对……的交换”，for为介词，后应接动名词作宾语。故填doing。‎ ‎10．fortunate　句意：有时，我们没有意识到自己是多么幸运，不是吗？how ________ we are为感叹句，在句中是宾语从句，how后应用形容词。故填fortunate。‎