【英语】2019届人教版高考一轮复习选修8精选学案：Unit2Cloning

【英语】2019届人教版高考一轮复习选修8精选学案：Unit2Cloning

‎　Unit 2　Cloning ‎　　　　　 ‎ 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．twin n．　　　　　　 　 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj. 成对的；成双的 ‎2．straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的 ‎3．carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具 ‎4．arbitrary adj. 任意的 ‎5．fate n. 命运；天命　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎6．medium n．(pl.media)　 媒介；手段；工具 ‎7．the media 大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)‎ ‎8．conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的 ‎9．constitution n. 宪法；章程 ‎10．compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的 ‎11．opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎12．chorus n．　　　　　　 合唱；合唱队 ‎13．loaf n. 一条(面包)‎ ‎14．flour n. 面粉 ‎15．claw n. 爪；脚爪 ‎16．turkey n. 火鸡 ‎17．feather n. 羽毛　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎1．differvi.　　　　　　　 不同；相异 ‎2．exactadj. 精确的；准确的 ‎3．identicaladj. 同一的；一模一样的 ‎4．commercial_ adj. 商业的；贸易的 ‎5．complicatedadj. 复杂的；难懂的 ‎6．undertakevt. 着手；从事；承担 ‎7．breakthroughn. 突破　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎8．proceduren．　　　 　　 程序；步骤；手续 ‎9．castvt. 扔；投；掷 ‎10．altogetheradv. 总共；完全地 ‎11．correctionn. 改正；纠正；修正 ‎12．objectvi. 反对；不赞成 ‎13．objectionn. 不赞成；反对；异议 ‎14．obtainvt. 获得；赢得　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎15．attainvt.　　　　 　　　 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ ‎16．forbidvt. 禁止；不准 ‎17．accumulatevt.&vi. 积累；聚积 ‎18．owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……‎ ‎19．shortlyadv. 立刻；不久 ‎20．retirevi. 退休；离开　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎21．bothervt.　　　　　　 　 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 ‎22．assumptionn. 假定；设想 ‎23．regulationn. 规则；规章；法规 ‎24．popularityn. 受人喜爱；流行 ‎25．strike_ vt.&vi. 打；撞击；罢工 n. 罢工　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎26．adorevt.　　　　 　　 　 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 ‎27．hatchvt.&vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化 ‎28．reasonableadj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的 ‎29．resistvt. 抵抗；对抗 ‎30．drawbackn. 缺点；不利条件 ‎31．merelyadv. 仅；只；不过 ‎32．decorationn. 装饰　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎33．unableadj.　　　　　　　 不能的；不会的 ‎34．initialadj. 最初的；开始的 ‎35．impactn. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响 ‎36．moraladj. 道德(上)的；伦理的 ‎37．vainadj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 ‎38．in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机 ‎39．(be)_bound_to_(do)．.. 一定或注定(做)……　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十屏听写]‎ ‎40．strike_..._into_one’s_heart　 使……刻骨铭心 ‎41．from_time_to_time_ 不时；偶尔 ‎42．bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活 ‎43．in_favour_of 赞成；支持 ‎44．in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)‎ ‎45．cast_down 使失望；使沮丧 ‎46．pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.twin n．　　　　　　　双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj. 成对的；成双的 ‎2.straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的 ‎3.arbitrary adj. 任意的 ‎4.medium n. 媒介；手段；工具 ‎5.conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的 ‎6.constitution n. 宪法；章程 ‎7.compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的 ‎8.opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院 ‎13.feather n．　　　　羽毛 ‎14.turkey n. 火鸡 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.exactadj. 精确的；准确的 ‎2.castvt. 扔；投；掷 ‎3.shortlyadv. 立刻；不久 ‎4.strikevt.&vi. 打；撞击；罢工 n. 罢工 ‎5.vainadj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 ‎6.owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……‎ ‎7.initialadj. 最初的；开始的 ‎8.hatchvt.&vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化 ‎9.moraladj. 道德(上)的；伦理的 ‎10.impactn. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响 ‎9.chorus n. 合唱；合唱队 ‎10.loaf n. 一条(面包)‎ ‎11.flour n. 面粉 ‎12.claw n. 爪；脚爪 ‎11.adorevt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 核 心 单 词 练 通 ‎1.We are supposed to undertake (承担) the responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.‎ ‎2.With medical breakthrough (突破), people are living a healthier and longer life.‎ ‎3.As is well known to all, there are altogether (总共) seven continents in the world. ‎ ‎4.Nowadays, energy can be obtained_(获得) through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.　 ‎ ‎5.Our school is a nonsmoking school.So smoking is forbidden (禁止) here.‎ ‎6.So I have no choice but to bother_(打扰) you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.‎ ‎7.But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks_(缺点) which should not be neglected. ‎ ‎8.A real modernized country will be a welldeveloped country not merely (仅) in cars but in every aspect, I believe.‎ ‎9.I regret to inform you that we are unable (不能的) to offer you employment.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.differ vi.不同；相异→differentadj.不同的→differencen．差异；不同 ‎2.identical adj.同一的；一模一样的→identityn．身份；同一性；一致 ‎3.commercial adj.商业的；贸易的→commercen．商业；贸易 ‎4.complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的→complicatevt.使复杂化→complicationn．复杂 ‎5.correction n．改正；纠正；修正→correctadj.正确的 v．改正 ‎6.object vi.反对；不赞成→objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议 ‎7.accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积→accumulationn．积累；增加 ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.When you set up your passwords on the Internet, you’d better complicate them, because the more complicated your passwords are, the safer your Internet becomes. (complicate)‎ ‎2.The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities. (accumulate)‎ ‎3.From the appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people. (differ)‎ ‎4.Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected ‎8.retire vi.退休；离开→retirementn．退休；引退 ‎9.assumption n．假定；设想→assumevt.假定；设想 ‎10.regulation n．规则；规章；法规→regulatevt.调节；管理 ‎11.popularity n．受人喜爱；流行→popularadj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的 ‎12.resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistancen．抵抗；对抗→resistantadj.有抵抗力的；抵制的 ‎13.decoration n．装饰；装修→decoratev．装饰；装修 ‎14.reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reasonn．原因；道理 ‎ to it. (object)‎ ‎5.Don’t assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more. (assume)‎ ‎6.Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be resistant to them finally give up their resistance.(resist)‎ ‎7.He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,_he settled down in a remote village. (retire)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“动词＋副词”构成的合成名词 ‎①drawback　缺点 ‎②breakdown 崩溃；故障 ‎③farewell 告别 ‎④feedback 反馈 ‎⑤setup 计划；组织 ‎⑥breakup 分手；中断 ‎2.含词根sist的词集锦 ‎①resist v．抵抗 ‎②insist v. 坚持 ‎③persist v. 坚持 ‎④assist v. 协助 ‎ ‎⑤assistant n. 助手 ‎ ‎⑥consist vi. 由……组成 ‎3.表示“反对；拒绝”的词荟萃 ‎①against prep.　反对 ‎②oppose v. 反对 ‎③object vi. 反对 ‎④disagree vi. 不同意 ‎⑤reject vt. 拒绝 ‎⑥refuse v. 拒绝 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.cast_down　使失望；使沮丧 ‎2.in_favour_of 赞成；支持 ‎3.bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活 ‎4.(be)_bound_to_(do) 一定或注定(做)‎ ‎5.in_good/poor_condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)‎ Are you ①in_favour_of cloning human beings? Especially when your health is ②in_poor_condition,_you ③are_bound_to want to ④bring yourself back_to_life. Don’t worry. Human cloning technology doesn’t ⑤cast you ‎ down.‎ 第二组 ‎1.object_to　　　　　 　　反对 ‎2.pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎3.in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机 ‎4.from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔 ‎5.strike_...into_one’s_heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎　Only if you don’t ①object_to cloning human beings can what you do for your health ②pay_off. The successful organs’ cloning contributes to the patients’ recovery. I believe it will ③strike the advanced medical technology into_your_heart.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“in＋名词＋of”短语全接触 ‎①in favour of　赞成；支持 ‎②in search of 寻找 ‎③in view of 鉴于；由于 ‎④in memory of 为了纪念 ‎⑤in honour of 为了纪念 ‎⑥in terms of 就……而言 ‎2.“v.＋off”短语荟萃 ‎①pay off　　　 偿清 ‎②cut off 切断 ‎③take off 起飞 ‎④turn off 关闭 ‎⑤put off 推迟 ‎⑥give off 发出光/热/气体等 ‎3.“in＋名词”短语一览 ‎①in vain　　　　白费力气；枉费心机 ‎②in relief 如释重负地 ‎③in short 总之；简言之 ‎④in trouble 陷入麻烦 ‎⑤in need 在困难中；急需 ‎⑥in danger 在危险中 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. ‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ then 位于句首时句子用全部倒装。‎ 然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢得了比赛。‎ Then_came_the_exciting_news_that our team won the game.‎ ‎2.What do you think is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage？‎ 你认为在这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？‎ do you think作插入语。‎ 这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？‎ Which_part_of_this_book_do_you_think is the most interesting？‎ ‎3.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die ...‎ that引导的表语从句。‎ 骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。‎ The advantage of cycling to ‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉……‎ work is that_we_can_live_a_‎ lowcarbon_life.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 The future of human cloning When ________❶ comes to human cloning, many people object to it. Because they think it will bring people disasters. Maybe it can bother your normal daily life. To our relief❷， we needn’t be worried about it because human cloning is forbidden by the laws in many countries. However, some severe patients need to be cloned if their health is in poor condition. In this_case❸， they maybe benefit from the cloned organs.‎ ‎1.①处应填的词为__it__。‎ ‎2．②处“To our relief”的意思为让我们感到欣慰的是。‎ ‎3．What does “this case” in the paragraph refer to？(　B　)‎ A．Human cloning is forbidden by the laws in many countries.‎ B．Some patients in poor condition need to be cloned.‎ C．Human cloning brings people disasters.‎ D．The cloned organs are not very expensive.‎ ‎1．object vi.反对；不赞成 ‎ ‎(1)object to　　　　 反对；不赞成(to是介词)‎ ‎(2)objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议 objective adj. 客观的；真实的；宾语的 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays and weekends.‎ ‎②The villagers raised an objection_(object) to building a chemical plant beside the river.‎ ‎③You should stop blaming yourself and be more objective (object) about your ability, which I feel is a sure way to promote your confidence.‎ ‎2．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心n．烦扰 ‎ bother to do sth.　　　　　　　 操心/费心做某事 bother (about) doing sth. 费心做某事 bother sb. with sth. 为某事打扰某人 bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①I hate Tom, for he is always bothering me to_lend (lend) him money.‎ ‎②Don’t bother to_look/looking_(look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day.‎ ‎③I’m sorry I have bothered you with so many questions.‎ ‎3．forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准 forbid doing sth.　　　　　　 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎ 禁止某人做某事 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas.‎ ‎②I think the middle school students should be forbidden_to_use (use) smartphones at school.‎ ‎③I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags.‎ ‎[名师指津]　forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。‎ ‎4．in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏) ‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎❶out of condition　　　　 健康状况欠佳 ‎❷on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，‎ ‎ 主句用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎❸on condition that ... 在……条件下；倘若 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.‎ 我想让你意识到人人都可能健康状况不佳。‎ ‎②On condition that we use these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways.(2018·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 只要我们恰当使用这些排名，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。‎ ‎③The teacher always reminds us, “On no condition can we give up our dreams.”‎ 老师总是告诫我们：“我们决不能放弃我们的梦想。”‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 The future of human cloning Nowadays, we should owe human cloning ________❶ the development of social civilization. What strikes me most ________(be)❷ that human cloning is said to be allowed in the near future. By then, we can believe, some scientists’ great efforts will have paid off. Apparently, the advantage of human cloning is______❸ many serious diseases can be cured some day.‎ ‎1.①处应填入的词为__to__。‎ ‎2．②处应填词的正确形式为__is__。‎ ‎3．③处应填入的词是that,_它引导的是表语从句，一般不能省略。‎ ‎5．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢 ‎ owe sth. to sb.　　　　　　 把某事归功于某人 owe it to sb. that ... 把……归功于某人 owing to 因为；由于 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.‎ ‎②I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my English. ‎ 补全句子 ‎③Owing_to his optimism and perseverance, he was admitted into Beijing University.‎ 由于他的乐观和毅力，他被北京大学录取了。‎ ‎6．strike vt.&vi.(struck, struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时 n．罢工 be struck by　　　　　　　 　　　 被……打动/迷住了 it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起 strike ... into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It_struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.‎ ‎②Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.‎ 补全句子 ‎③Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one I’d strike_into_my_heart forever.‎ 这么多年以后遇到我亲爱的老师和同学真的是一个温暖的时刻，这一刻让我刻骨铭心。‎ ‎7．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎ pay for　　　　　　　　　　 付钱；为……付出代价 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 pay attention to 注意；留心 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again？(2017·天津高考书面表达)‎ ‎②I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.‎ ‎③As students, we should pay more attention to our habits which we develop in our study.‎ 补全句子 ‎④All in all, every road leads to Rome, but I believe hard_work_pays_off.‎ 总之，条条大道通罗马，我相信努力就有回报。‎ ‎[名师指津]　 pay off表示“得到回报；取得成功”时是不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。‎ ‎8．that引导的表语从句 The advantage is that_if_there_is_a_new_illness_some_of_these_animals_may_die,_but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ 句中that引导的是表语从句，that一词在句中无词义，但通常不能省略。另外，that还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句等。‎ ‎①The advantage of smiling is that_it_can_not_only_make_us_happy,_but also please others.‎ 微笑的优点在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。‎ ‎②If there is anything that_I_can_help_you,_please don’t hesitate to tell me.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 如果你有任何需要帮助的，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。‎ ‎③I firmly believe that_it_will_be_a_success and we will enjoy ourselves.(2017·浙江高考写作)‎ 我坚信那将会成功，我们也会玩得很开心。‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He has a strong objection to smoking (smoke) in public places, especially with females present. ‎ ‎2．Why bother going/to_go (go) abroad to study when there are so many good universities at home?‎ ‎3．Our strength is from many sources, but most of all, we owe our success to the creativity of our people.‎ ‎4．When climbing Mount Huang last year, all the tourists were_struck (strike) by its beauty.‎ ‎5．The driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden_to_drive (drive) for speeding.‎ ‎6．Do you know any differences (differ) between British English and American English?‎ ‎7．The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna can’t resist taking (take) a closer look at them.‎ ‎8．They undertook to_promote (promote) exchanges and trade.‎ ‎9．Our parents send us to school so as to enable us to_obtain (obtain) knowledge and achieve great things in the future.‎ ‎10．We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house was finished.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 in good condition， be bound to， pay off， cast down， in vain，bring back to life， from time to time， strike ...into one's heart ‎1．I feel stressed from_time_to_time. Could you offer me some suggestions?‎ ‎2．The mobile phone is in_good_condition，looking like the newly bought one.‎ ‎3．Don’t let yourself be cast_down by a small failure in the experiment, try again.‎ ‎4．In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought_back_to_life after death.‎ ‎5．Keep on working hard like this, and your research_is_bound_to_obtain great success.‎ ‎6．The athlete’s years of hard training paid_off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.‎ ‎7．Mountain Tai struck its beauty into_her_heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.‎ ‎8．All efforts will be in_vain if we can’t learn English by practising repeatedly.‎ Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 ‎1．抄袭他人的作业的一个缺点就是你不能掌握你所学到的东西。(that引导的表语从句)‎ The disadvantage of copying others’ homework is that_you_cannot_master_what_you_have_learned.‎ ‎2．他刚刚坐下，班主任就来了。(倒装句)‎ He had just taken his seat; then came_the_head_teacher.‎ ‎3．你认为谁是过去一百年里最伟大的妇女？(do you think 作插入语)‎ Who_do_you_think_was_the_greatest_woman of the past 100 years?‎ ‎4．我的多数同学都想去公园而我想要去参观博物馆。 (while并列句)‎ Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_visit_a_museum.‎ ‎5．新的学期很快就要开始了，我们将会再次忙碌起来。(with复合结构)‎ With_the_new_term_to_begin_soon,_we’ll_be_very_busy_again.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1．Mary was very upset by her failure to find work.‎ ‎→Mary was much_cast_down by her failure to find work.‎ ‎2．I have told her about my plan, and she is for it.‎ ‎→I have told her about my plan, and she is_in_favour_of_it.‎ ‎3．Boys and girls, if you have any questions, please put up your hands.‎ ‎→Boys and girls, if you have any questions, please raise_your_hands.‎ ‎4．Now that I’ve grown up, I am against being treated like a child.‎ ‎→Now that I’ve grown up, I object_to_being_treated_like_a_child.‎ ‎5．My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is healthy now.　‎ ‎→My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is_in_good_condition now.‎ ‎[高考拆组训练]‎ 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.‎ Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.‎ What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch (荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds — nearly twice as long as in Americans' meetings.‎ In Japan, it is recognised that the best communication is when you don't speak at all. It's already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you're repairing that failure by using words.‎ In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial (殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it's hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there's understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This applies also to some extent to London.‎ In contrast, when there's more homogeneity,_perhaps it's easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you're less well acquainted with.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。‎ ‎1．Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?‎ A．The Dutch.　　　　　　B．Americans.‎ C．The English. D．The Japanese.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，日本人在谈话中沉默时间最长。故选D。‎ ‎2．What might the Japanese agree with in conversation?‎ A．Speaking more gives the upper hand.‎ B．Speak out what you have in your mind.‎ C．Great minds think alike without words.‎ D．The shorter talking silence, the better.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段首句可知，在日本，一般认为最好的交流是一句话不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而喻”。故选C。‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．A foursecond silence in conversation is universal.‎ B．It's hard for Americans to reach a common agreement.‎ C．English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.‎ D．The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选D。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Similarity. B．Contradiction.‎ C．Diversity. D．Misunderstanding.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句表示相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarity意义相近。故选A。‎ B Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting (嫁接) is a common form of plant cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually (无性生殖地)．‎ Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their yield (产量) is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With higher yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs.‎ Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning.‎ Through cloning scientists can develop super fruits and vegetables of superior (更好的) nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This has already been done through selective pollination (授粉), and genetic cloning could take it to the next level.‎ By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would ‎ survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation (繁衍) of the human species.‎ ‎5．The underlined word “optimized” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．grown　　 B．produced C．perfected D．examined 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据“so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available”可知，optimize与perfect的意思相近。‎ ‎6．According to the text, cloned plants ________.‎ A．have lower yield than normal plants B．need less care from people C．prevent various kinds of diseases D．have a shorter growth cycle 解析：选D　细节理解题。从第二段中的“Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting.”可知，克隆的植物的生长周期短。‎ ‎7．What is the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To warn the negative effects of plant cloning.‎ B．To show different kinds of plant cloning.‎ C．To predict the future of plant cloning.‎ D．To introduce the advantages of plant cloning.‎ 解析：选D　写作目的题。文章的第二、三、四段都是在介绍植物克隆的好处，所以本文的目的是介绍植物克隆的好处。‎ C We are all fascinated by mysteries. To some extent we love to expect strange phenomenon occurring before us. Here are some amazing unsolved mysteries.‎ The Georgia Guidestones On one of the highest hilltops in Elbert County, Georgia stands a giant granite monument (花岗岩纪念碑). Carved in eight different languages on the four giant stones are 10 Guides.‎ The origin of this strange monument is covered in mystery because no one knows the true identity of the man, or men, who constructed it. All we know is that in June 1979, a man identifying himself as R．C.Christian announced that he would build something to convey a message to mankind, but to date, no one knows who R．C.Christian really was.‎ Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle is a triangular area of the Atlantic Ocean. Many planes, ships,‎ ‎ and boats are said to have disappeared in this triangle without a trace, which led to the belief that “supernatural” forces exist in this area of the sea.‎ Could there truly be an unnatural force at work in this geographical triangle or are these disappearances merely coincidence? Either way, numerous people remain unwilling to step over the boundary line into the Devil's Triangle.‎ Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster is a legendary animal that supposedly lives in the depths of Loch Ness, a long narrow lake located in rural Scotland.‎ Stories concerning the monster date back to the 6th century AD. Over the years thousands have reported seeing a long neck appearing from the water with a small head of an unknown creature. Pictures have even been taken of this “creature”， but most scientists refuse to believe any creature of this kind lives in the Loch Ness. So far, the evidence is inadequate, and the controversy continues.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上三大未解之谜，包括佐治亚州的巨石阵、百慕大三角和尼斯湖水怪。‎ ‎8．Why is the Georgia Guidestones mysterious?‎ A．It is on one of the highest hilltops in Elbert County.‎ B．There are eight different languages on the stones.‎ C．The person who built it remains unknown.‎ D．R. C. Christian could convey a message to mankind.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据The Georgia Guidestones部分第二段内容可知，巨石阵很神秘是因为没有人知道是谁建造了它。故选C。‎ ‎9．Why are people unwilling to enter the Bermuda Triangle?‎ A．It is too remote from land.‎ B．The chance of surviving is slim there.‎ C．There are supernatural forces in the area.‎ D．All transportations have disappeared there.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据Bermuda Triangle部分第一段第二句可知，在百慕大三角经常有飞机、轮船和小船失踪；由此可推知，在百慕大三角人们幸存的可能性很小，所以许多人不愿意进入百慕大三角地带。故选B。‎ ‎10．What can we know about Loch Ness Monster?‎ A．It existed in the 6th century AD.‎ B．It is said to have a long neck and a large head.‎ C．It has been living in Loch Ness Lake for a long time.‎ D．People haven't reached an agreement on its existence.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，关于水怪的故事始于公元6世纪，并不是说水怪出现在公元6世纪，故排除A项；根据最后一段第二句中的“with a small head”可知，B项错误；根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，大多数科学家都不相信有这种水怪生活在尼斯湖中，故排除C项；根据最后一段最后一句可知，D项“人们对它的存在没有达成一致意见”符合原文。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Too often an inappropriate view gets around us that it is our physical conditions that make us happy or unhappy. As a consequence, physical conditions have been overstated.‎ ‎__1__， that is, good standard of living, high goals that we want to obtain, surrounding ourselves with a nice house, nice car, nice clothes, etc. __2__. But many times once we obtain our goals and are surrounded by what we thought would make us happy, we are still unhappy.‎ Also on the other end of the stick, many, many people are unhappy now, because they have not obtained their goals and __3__， which, consequently, adds to their dissatisfaction with life.‎ So this is why so many people keep themselves for most of their lives in a state of “incompleteness” and unhappiness, and this is why so many super successful people still aren't happy. The reason is that __4__. They think that the Universe should give them what they want first and then they'll be happy. But that just puts a barrier in between them and happiness because of the way the Universe is set up.‎ The message here is to understand that your desires tell you where you want to put your focus in your life, however, __5__. You make yourself happy from the inside out, not the outside in. Do not require certain conditions be met for your happiness, because it won't work anyway.‎ A．We have different ways to get what really makes us happy B．they don't have what they want in life C．We set out to get happy by trying to control all the wonderful conditions around ourselves D．they are never there to be found in life E．they should not control your happiness in this moment F．We may think this is the key to our happiness G．they don't realize how to get happy 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。本文谈论的是人们认为的幸福实际上并没有给人们带来幸福，作者就如何才能得到真正的幸福提出了自己的观点。‎ ‎1．选C　根据上文中的“physical conditions”及下文中的“good standard of living ...nice clothes”可知，C项“我们通过努力掌控我们身边美好的物质条件来获取幸福”‎ 与上文相呼应，与“that is”后面的解释也一致。故选C。‎ ‎2．选F　根据语境可知，很多时候当我们拥有了良好的生活标准，实现了我们想要的目标，拥有了漂亮的房子、车子、衣服时，我们可能就认为这是幸福的关键所在了。F项“我们可能会认为这就是幸福的关键了”衔接上文，并与下文构成转折，符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎3．选B　根据语境可知，此处分析了不快乐的人的心理。根据“because they have not obtained their goals”可知，许多人不快乐是因为没有达到目标，and连接和前面并列的内容。B项“他们没有拥有生活中想要的”也是人们不快乐的原因，并且和下文联系紧密。故选B。‎ ‎4．选G　上文提到，拥有了良好物质条件的人仍然感到不幸福，没有达到目标的人也感到不幸福，此处作者给出他们感到不幸福的理由，因为“他们没有意识到如何获得快乐”。由此可知，G项与上文衔接紧密。故选G。‎ ‎5．选E　上文提到，本文传递的信息就是要让你明白，你的欲望会告诉你，在生活中要看重什么。由however可知，后面的内容应与前面的叙述形成对比，所以E项“这时这些欲望不应该左右你的幸福感”符合语境。故选E。‎