【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十九（13页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十九（13页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十九 ‎[一]‎ ‎ About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred if affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman. ‎ There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person can’t tell the differences between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man sees everything in shades of green--- a strange world in deed. ‎ Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions very small things called “cones”. These help us see in a bright day and tell the differences between colors. There are also millions of “rods”, but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shapes(形状) but not color. Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will. In similar way human being also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us. ‎ ‎29. The passage is mainly about ______. ‎ ‎ A. color and its surprising effects on drivers ‎ B. women being luckier than man in that fewer of them are color blind ‎ C. danger caused by color blindness ‎ D. color blindness and how our eyes tell different colors and shapes ‎30. According to the passage, with the help of “cones” we can _____. ‎ ‎ A. tell different colors ‎ B. see in weak light ‎ C. tell different shapes ‎ D. tell orange from yellow ‎31. Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?‎ ‎ A. Women are more careful.‎ ‎ B. There are fewer color blind women.‎ ‎ C. Women are fonder of driving than men.‎ ‎ D. Women are weaker but quicker in thinking. ‎ ‎32. Which of the following statements about color blind people is true?‎ ‎ A. Not all of them have the same problem in recognizing colors. ‎ ‎ B. None of them can see deep red but all can tell blue from green.‎ ‎ C. None of them can tell blue from green but all can see deep red. ‎ ‎ D. All of them are lucky enough to see everything in shades of green.‎ ‎ 参考答案： 29-32 DABA ‎[二]‎ The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. 　　Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. 　　This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation. In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed. 　　Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.  Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 37. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________. 　A. much of the world's water is available for use 　B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world　‎ D. the costs of water redistribution should be considered 38. Which of the following is TRUE? 　A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. 　B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages. 　C. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. ‎ ‎　D. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. 39. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? 　A. Steps to improving water use management. 　B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams. 　C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. 　D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. 40. The text is mainly about________. 　A. water supply and increasing population B. water use management and agriculture 　C. water redistribution and wildlife protection ‎ D. water shortages and environmental protection 参考答案：37-40 DDAB ‎[三]‎ As societies develop, their members start to see things not so much according to what they need, but according to what they want. When people have enough money, these wants become demands.‎ Now, it' s important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they are going to develop effective marketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way at supermarkets, for example, is to interview customers while they're doing their shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies. It' s also quite normal for top managers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public, as if they were ordinary customers, to get an idea of how customers act.‎ Another way to get information from customers is to give them something. For example, some fast food restaurants give away tickets in magazines or on the street that permit customers to get part of their meal for nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money, it also allows the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers and which age-groups to attract.‎ Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work, touting the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that. This provides them with a perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed.‎ ‎33. The text is designed for _______‎ ‎ A. customers B. salesmen C. researchers D. mangers ‎34. Which of the following can help managers get useful information?‎ ‎ A. Visiting customers themselves. B. Giving customers free food on the street.‎ ‎ C. Visiting parks as ordinary customers. D. Asking customers questions at supermarkets.‎ ‎35. What does the word "this" underlined in the last sentence refer to?‎ ‎ A. Visiting Disneyland. B. Dressing up and walking around. ‎ ‎ C. Wearing attractive clothes. D. Acting Mickey Mouse. ‎ ‎36. The main idea of the text is _________.‎ ‎ A. how to do market research ‎ B. how to develop marketing strategies ‎ C. how to find out customers' social needs D. how to encourage customers to spend more money 参考答案：33-36. DDBA ‎[四]‎ If you want to be a volunteer, you have to answer the following typical questions. Do you want to work with people, animals or machines? Do you want to work indoors or outdoors, directly serve people in need or serve people behind the scenes? Every year, thousands of people in the west offer volunteer service. Volunteering greatly strengthens the community because it helps the old, the young, the weak, the sick, and the disabled and the injured to solve problems.‎ Volunteers usually help in many different ways. They may give people advice, offer friendship to the young, drive the elderly to church (if up to the driving age), advise kids against drugs, work as assistants in schools or nursing homes, raise funds, plant trees, help out in local libraries and do many other things. Volunteering can be a few hours a week or a few hours a month. Anybody who wants to serve people in need can become a volunteer.‎ In fact, the art of volunteering is a process of both giving and receiving. Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, make new friends and mix with people from all walks of life. Volunteering is an excellent way to experiment and try out new techniques and skills, discover your individual talents and explore career choice. Being a volunteer will take you on a wonderful journey and help you learn more than what you can get from books.‎ ‎25. As a volunteer, only when you grow old enough can you _______.‎ A. plant trees on hills B. give advice to others C. drive the elderly to church D. help out in local libraries ‎26. How is the second paragraph mainly developed?‎ A. By discussing. B. By comparing.‎ C. By giving explanations. D. By listing examples.‎ ‎27. It can be inferred from the passage that to be a volunteer, _______.‎ A. you can do experiments B. you can get something valuable C. you need to work very long D. you must be very strong ‎28. What’s the best title of the passage?‎ A. Volunteer Service in the West B. How to Hunt for Jobs ‎ C. How to Make Friends D. How to Work with Animals 参考答案：25-28． CDBA ‎[五]‎ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the eleventh largest nation in Europe. England, Wales and Scotland make up the island of Great Britain, which takes up most of the Britain Isles. Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are mountainous. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland. Plains and valleys cover much of England. The British climate is mild.‎ ‎ About 58 million people live in the United Kingdom. Few other countries are so crowded. Four out of five people live in cities such as Belfast, Glasgow, and London. London is the capital. Great Britain grows half of the food it needs. Its industries help to pay for the food that is bought from abroad. The United Kingdom manufactures a wide range of goods. Service industries, such as tourism, that provide services rather than producing goods, are increasing. Traditional industries, such as coal mining, are declining.‎ ‎21. There are many mountains in ______________.‎ A. Northern Ireland, Scotland and England ‎ B. England, Wales and Scotland C. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland ‎ D. Northern Ireland, Wales and England ‎22. In the United Kingdom, about __________people live in big cities.‎ A. 58 million B. 48.8 million C. 38.8 million D. half ‎ ‎23. According to the passage, which of the statements is true?‎ A. Great Britain grows all of the food it needs.‎ B. The United Kingdom manufactures a narrow range of goods.‎ C. The speed of tourism in UK is increasing faster than producing goods.‎ D. The coal mining is also increasing fast.‎ 参考答案：21-23. CBC ‎[六]‎ British English and American English A student is studying British English. He wonders: Can I have a talk with Americans? Can they catch me? Learners of English often ask--what are the differences between British English and American English? How important are these differences?‎ Certainly, there are some differences between British English and American English. There are a few differences in grammar（语法）. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen?” Americans “in the hospital” and “Do you have a pen?” Pronunciation (发音) is sometimes different. Americans usually sound the “r” in words like “car”and “farm”. Some speakers of British English do not sound the “r” in these words. There are differences between British English and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour”and “honour” are British English spellings. “Color” and “honor” are American English spellings.‎ These differences are in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary. However, they are not important. For the most part, British English and American English are the same language.‎ ‎25．In American English, we can say, “ ? ”‎ A. Have you a new book B. Do you have a new book C. Are you have a new book D. Can you to have a new book ‎26．Between British English and American English, sometimes pronunciation is .‎ A. poor B. different C. high D. short ‎27．The main idea of the passage is that .‎ A. there are no differences between British English and American English B. British English and American English are two different languages C. speakers of British English and American English speak the same language D. we shouldn't speak English 参考答案：‎ ‎25．B 26．B 27．C 试题分析：这篇文章讲了英式英语和美式英语在语法，发音，拼写和词汇方面有一些区别，但是它们仍然是同一种语言。‎ ‎25．细节题。根据文章Americans “in the hospital” and “Do you have a pen?”可知，美式英语说“Do you have a new book”？你有一本新书吗？故选B ‎26．细节题。根据文章Pronunciation (发音) is sometimes different.可知，美式英语和英式英语有时候发音有些不同。故选B ‎27．主旨题。这篇文章讲了英式英语和美式英语在语法，发音，拼写和词汇方面有一些区别，但是它们仍然是同一种语言。故选C 点评：本文结构非常明了，文意也很好理解，学生在答题中一定要认真细致的作答以求全对。对于说明文的文章，一定要将文章仔细的阅读完并理解，结合题目通过题目的关键词进行定位，分析好句子的意思，即可得出答案。‎ ‎[七]‎ Have you ever heard of Iceland? Iceland is a country, one-tenth of which is covered with ice. However, it is said that Iceland is the land of heat. Smoking volcanoes (火山), white steam (蒸汽) and hot springs are more amazing than the other sights including ice there.‎ ‎ It has taken millions of years for volcanoes and lava flows (熔岩流) to build Iceland. When hiking through one of Iceland’s many ancient lava fields, you may notice something strange. White steam is rising from each vent in front of you. Iceland is covered with vents which steam can pass out of. The steam comes from naturally heated rocks and hot water below the Earth’s surface (表面).‎ ‎ Like steam vents, hot springs can be seen here and there in the ancient lava fields. Blue Lake is the most famous hot spring in Iceland. It isn’t far from the capital city of the country. The water and white earth in it can make your skin as soft as a newborn baby’s skin. Enjoy that water, because it has traveled a long way. It starts nearly two kilometers under Blue Lake. There, water from the ocean continues moving up slowly into the spaces between hot rocks below the surface. And then the water is heated by ‎ hot rocks. Powerful machines and long pipes (水管) help bring the heated water to the surface. People in Iceland use natural hot water for hot springs. Besides, they use it to create electricity that can be used to heat homes and even greenhouses.‎ ‎ Iceland is one of the few places on the Earth where active volcanoes lie below ice. Heat from the volcanoes creates a strange and wild beauty. Therefore, some people believe that it’s better to call the country “Heatland” instead of Iceland. If you have a chance to travel there, take it.‎ ‎28．From the passage, are the most amazing sights in Iceland.‎ A. smoking volcanoes and ice B. smoking volcanoes, white steam and hot springs C. heated rocks, hot springs and new lava fields ‎29．The underlined word “vent” in the passage means “ ” in Chinese.‎ A. 进入口 B. 回流口 C. 排放口 ‎30．The best title for this passage should be .‎ A. THE HISTORY OF ICELAND B. THE HOT SPRING OF BLUE LAKE ‎ C. THE HEAT IN ICELAND 参考答案：‎ ‎28．B 29．C 30．C ‎【解析】短文大意：这篇短文重点介绍了冰岛的温泉的行程以及人们对于这些地热资源的应用情况。‎ ‎28．根据第一段Smoking volcanoes (火山), white steam (蒸汽) and hot springs are more amazing than the other sights including ice there 描述，可知火山，蒸汽和温泉是冰岛最迷人的景色。故选B。‎ ‎29．联系前文White steam is rising from 描述，可知此处指的是蒸汽喷出的排放口。故选C。‎ ‎30．这篇短文重点介绍了冰岛的温泉的行程以及人们对于这些地热资源的应用情况。故选C。‎ ‎ [八]‎ The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. ‎ That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess. ‎ ‎ Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants. ‎ ‎ Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says. ‎ ‎ But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man. " And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill. ‎ ‎ The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!‎ ‎29. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to_______ . ‎ ‎ A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe ‎ C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame ‎30. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school,________ . ‎ ‎ A. she spent her time hunting with her father ‎ B. she learned how to sing love songs ‎ C. she had already been called an elephant princess ‎ D. she was taught how to hunt tigers ‎31. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________. ‎ ‎ A. they are caught and sent for heavy work ‎ ‎ B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them ‎ C. they are attacked and their land gets limited ‎ D. dogs often bark at them and chase them ‎32. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________. ‎ ‎ A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks ‎ ‎ B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse ‎ C. elephant tamers are in short supply ‎ D. dogs are as powerful as elephants 参考答案：29-32BACB ‎[九]‎ If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject, might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value. Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?‎ One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not ‎ being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.‎ Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides. The artificial (人造的) heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.‎ There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.‎ ‎32．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?‎ A．By offering analyses. ‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By giving some examples. ‎ D．By presenting research findings.‎ ‎13．The function of Jaws of Life is to ________.‎ A. save people from traffic accidents ‎ B．do experiments on the space shuttle C．keep houses warm and energy efficient ‎ D．separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets ‎34．In the author's opinion, space exploration ________.‎ A．has changed our life completely ‎ B．costs too much of our time C．benefits us in many ways ‎ D．has nothing to do with us ‎35．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Benefits of space exploration ‎ B．Is space exploration worth the cost?‎ C．How to make space exploration affordable ‎ D．Missions of the NASA space shuttle program 参考答案：32-35 AACB ‎ ‎[十]‎ Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours, and then, after a full day of work, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.‎ Sounds unusual, doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic, with the development of China’s high-speed railway system. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and finally Eastern Europe. ‎ China is planning to extend(延长) its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, eventually reaching London and Singapore. ‎ If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people could rush from London to Beijing within two days. The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost as fast as some airplanes.‎ China’s bullet train(高速列车), the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the World’s fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours. ‎ Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled, such as safety and maintenance(保养) of railway tracks. So, it’s important to pay attention to every detail. But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on longer railway construction China prefers that the other countries provide natural resources rather than financial investment. Resources from those countries could flood into China to support development.‎ It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries, the railway network will certainly create more opportunities for business, tourism and so on, not to mention the better communication among those countries. ‎ For China, such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources, but would also help develop China’s far west. We predict that in the coming decades, millions of people will move to the western parts, ‎ where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains, people will set up factories and business centers in the west. And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.‎ ‎28. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is. ‎ A. financial problems B. safety of the system ‎ C. technical issues D. maintenance of railway tracks ‎29. What’s the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?‎ A. Positive B. Negative C. Doubtful D. Critical ‎ ‎30. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because .‎ A. China and the countries involved will get much-needed resources ‎ B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation, business and tourism ‎31. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? ‎ A. International Railway Network B. High-speed Bullet Trains C. Big Railway Dreams D. New Railway Standards 参考答案：28-31．ABBB