2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导注意“行文逻辑”——争满分　

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导注意“行文逻辑”——争满分　

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导|注意“行文逻辑”——争满分　‎ 语法填空和短文改错这两种题型主要是从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。相对于词法、句法来说，行文逻辑题是考生失分最多的题目。究其原因，这类题目的解题信息不局限于某句或某个句群，大多是需要从全文的角度去审视、去思考，对于这类较难题目，考生在做题时，一定要注意以下三点：‎ 一、注意时态是否一致 有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相一致。若全文都是在使用过去时态，则考查角度一般就是针对过去时态的。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67.global_ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government __68__ (start) a soiltesting program_69.which/that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ ‎[易误点拨]　‎ 分析句子成分可知句子缺少谓语动词，需要考虑其时态、语态及主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在2005年过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。本题容易受下上文一般现在时态的影响而错填别的时态。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not ⑤to let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I ∧,⑦was) unwilling to play the game them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.‎ ‎[易误点拨]　全文的时态为一般过去时，第六句中用了一般现在时，应该引起重视，重点核查。因为有具体的时间状语until I entered high school，故此处需将一般现在时改为一般过去时。‎ 二、注意行文逻辑是否一致 解决这一类型的问题应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑。检查逻辑一致主要是从肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come与go, take与bring, sell与buy)的使用上着手。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019·郑州第二次质量预测)Under the Velib ‎ scheme(公共自行车计划), people can take a bicycle, use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first halfhour is free, __2__ if you don't return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. It's only 1 a day or 29 a year. The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilograms, and they're all grey and have 3.baskets. There're a large number of them in the city, and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations!‎ ‎[易误点拨]　第2空我们需从整个段落及上下文的行文逻辑上考虑，分析上下文语境可知，前后句之间为转折关系。句意：前半个小时是免费的， 但是， 如果你三十分钟之后不归还(自行车)的话， 你就要付费了。前后是转折关系， 故填but。本题容易误认为前后为补充、并列关系而错填and。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019·安徽重点中学盟校模拟)The summer vacation is generally the period of school life. It matters a lot to the students they can get some rest from their daily school schedule. Nowadays, the summer vacation period 45 days every summer season. One purpose of it is to give students ∧,④a) long break after final exams. Another of ⑤ purpose is to get students in the unbearable heat of the summer season. It also aims to help students to train weak subjects. During the summer vacation, students get many ‎ to visit new places and enrich their general knowledge. ， they have more free time for they are interested in.‎ ‎[易误点拨]　第八句需从上下文来把握。句意：暑假期间，学生们有很多机会参观新地方并丰富他们的知识。而且，他们有更多的自由时间做自己感兴趣的事。前后句之间是递进关系，故用Besides/Furthermore/Moreover“而且”。此处容易错认为上下文为转折关系而看不出错误。‎ 三、注意指代是否一致 注意查看代词所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确及前后是否一致，包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines 65.were_used (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using __67__ every day.‎ ‎[易误点拨]　本空没有提示词，需从介词、冠词、连词、代词等方面考虑，结合空格前后内容可知应该填代词，此时要结合整句话或整段话去检查代词的指代一致。本题填it，指代前半句的the railway。本题容易误认为指代首句中的Steam engines而误填them。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019·太原市第一学期期末)There is a tradition in my family. On New Year's Eve, all my will come to our house for a feast. As ∧,②a) matter of fact, it isn't the food that us together but the sense of belonging does. Making dumplings always great fun. We put a coin into one of the dumplings. Everybody expects to eat the one with the coin inside, because it is said gets the coin will have good fortune in the year. When my mom serves the dumplings, help ourselves immediately, hoping to get the good luck of our year. The coin never comes to me, I am pretty sure of ⑩ that the luck is always there.‎ ‎[易误点拨]　第七句，根据语境可知，此处指当“我”的妈妈端上饺子时，我们马上自己吃饺子。故用we。如果不检查人称的指代关系是否一致的话，本错误很可能就看不出来。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2019·安徽省皖江名校联考)For those who love travel, particularly rail travel, China in 1987 was a kind of place that could not be missed. In 1987, China was still operating steam trains on some rail routes, __1__‎ ‎ made people from many countries amazed. Bruce Connolly, a photographer from Scotland, __2__ (be) one of them.‎ Connolly first came to China in 1987, __3__ (start) his continuous traveling throughout China. Since then, he __4__ (travel) to most parts of China except Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Wherever he went, his camera remained by his side. During his journeys in China, Connolly found China very different from __5__ he saw in photographs, which showed Chinese people very rigorous in the way they dressed and behaved. __6__， what he saw was that people were __7__ (friend), welcoming and wore bright clothes. In the early years of his journey, most Chinese people were fascinated with foreigners visiting China, but now that has changed in cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, foreigners are no longer __8__ (curious)．‎ Another dramatic change that Connolly has felt in China is __9__ widespread use of new technology. China has become one of the most techsavvy (懂技术的) societies. People now do everything with __10__ (they) smartphones, and use of cash is almost disappearing.‎ 语篇解读：苏格兰摄影师布鲁斯·康诺利自1987年以来，游遍了中国的大部分地区，见证了中国翻天覆地的变化。‎ ‎1．‎ which　考查定语从句。句意为：在1987年，中国仍旧在一些铁路线上运行蒸汽式火车，这使得来自很多国家的人们惊讶不已。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容，在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎2．was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：布鲁斯·康诺利是一名苏格兰摄影师，他就是这些人当中的一个。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，Bruce Connolly为主语，再根据上文中的时间状语可知，本段讲述过去发生的事情，故填was。‎ ‎3．starting　考查非谓语动词。句意为：1987年，康诺利首次来到中国，开始不断在中国各地旅行。该空在句中作伴随状语，且和其逻辑主语Connolly之间为主动关系，故填starting。‎ ‎4．has traveled　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：自从那时候，他游遍了除福建、浙江和江西以外的中国大部分地区。时间状语为“Since then”，这是现在完成时的标志，主语为he，故填has traveled。‎ ‎5．what　考查宾语从句。句意为：康诺利在中国旅行期间，发现了中国非常不同于他在照片中看到的样子，照片中显示的中国人在穿着和行事上都非常缜密。该空引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少“saw”的宾语，指代事物，故填what。‎ ‎6．Instead　考查副词。句意为：他看到的反而是人们很友好、热情，而且穿着颜色鲜亮的衣服。根据语境可知，空后的表述与上文内容形成对比，表示“反而，取而代之的是”，故填Instead。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎7．friendly　考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。该空作“were”的表语，修饰“people”，应用形容词，故填friendly。‎ ‎8．curiosities　考查词性转换和名词的单复数。句意为：在他早年的旅行中，大多数中国人被来中国参观的外国人吸引，但是现在这种情况在北京和上海等城市中已经改变了，外国人已不再是令人好奇的人物了。该空表示“令人好奇的人或物”，应填名词，curiosity是可数名词，主语为foreigners，是复数概念，故填curiosities。‎ ‎9．the　考查冠词。句意为：康诺利在中国所感受到的另外一个巨大变化是新技术的广泛使用。此处特指新技术的广泛使用，故填the。‎ ‎10．their　考查代词。句意为：人们现在用他们自己的智能手机做一切事情，几乎已经不使用现金了。该空空后有名词，应用形容词性物主代词，表示“他们的”，故填their。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·四川省绵阳市第二次诊断)Before Christmas our school hold a winter sports meeting. As it was the last one at school, we did what we could perform well in an opening ceremony. Greatly to our happiness, our show was very much successful. My classmates took part in various events, or our head teacher even joined us in the relay race. Except Wang Lin, several other athletes also ranked Top 5. Some brought cameras to record the excited moments. It was quite a wonderful experience and that we obtained was great fun. Those outofclass activity in deed helped us relieve the pressure from learning, and promoted us enthusiasm for future study.‎ 答案：第一句：hold→held 第二句：perform前加to；an→the 第三句：去掉much 第四句：or→and 第五句：Except→Besides 第六句：excited→exciting 第七句：that→what 第八句：activity→activities；第二个us→our