2019届二轮复习阅读理解补全阅读(七选五)类型试题解题指导课件（13张）

2019届二轮复习阅读理解补全阅读(七选五)类型试题解题指导课件（13张）

1.主旨句的解题技巧 主旨句是七选五阅读理解主要题型之一。主旨句的位置常常在句首,有 时会是单独的一行。如果是单独一行的,一般是主旨句。如果是在段 首,有可能是主旨句,也有可能是过渡句。解题时,要注意以下几点: (1)认真理解,准确归纳相关段落的中心思想和主要内容,然后再根据所 提供的选项确定符合的一项。 (2)借助高频词。如果所提供的选项的句子有一个含有本段内容的高频 词,则很可能就是主旨句。此处所指的高频词包括同义词、近义词等。 当然 , 高频词只是判断的一个特征 , 切不可只要看到选项中有文章出现 的词汇就选该句。句子的选择要以整个段落的内容为依据。 方法技巧 2019 届二轮复习阅读理解补全阅读 ( 七选五 ) 类型试题解题指导 例 　Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in reset- ting your body clock. 　1     Here ' s how to make one. ● 　2     In order to make a change, you need to decide why it ' s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. ●Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, con- sider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have break- fast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 　3     That ' s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. ●Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you ' re tired out by Fri- day night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensat- ing on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 　4     ●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you ' ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 　5     If not, take another look at other methods you could try. A.Get a sleep specialist. B.Find the right motivation. C.A better plan for sleep can help. D.And consider setting a second alarm. E.If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 【解题指导】　本文第二题是主旨句填空。本文的主要内容是论述如 何根据生物钟给自己制订一个好的睡眠计划。 首先根据文章的结构可以看出,对比第三、四、五自然段的形式可知, 此处是一个标题型的主旨句。然后阅读该段落内容可知,本段内容是介 绍对睡眠计划作出调整的一些动机,如早起和家人一起吃早饭、锻炼身 体、为新的一天做更好的准备等。所以,选项B的内容和本段的主要内 容相符,因此是本段的主旨句,意思是“找到正确的动机”。 2.过渡句的解题技巧 过渡句一般指对两个段落之间内容进行语义和语法合理过渡的句子。 判断过渡句时要注意: (1)过渡句经常会在段首或段尾。但是在段尾或段首的句子不一定是过 渡句。有时候段尾会是总结句,有时会是细节句。而在段首有时会是主 旨句,有时会是细节句。当然,过渡句也可能是在段落中间,对相关的内 容进行串联。 (2)是否是过渡句要取决于设空处前后的语义关系和所提供的选项的内 容。因此,在选择时,首先要对两段的内容有充分的认知,并确定选择项 句子的语义是否能够串联这两段相关的信息。 (3)过渡句有时和两段都有关系,有时和上段关系密切,此时一般在段 尾。有时和下段关系密切,此时在段首。 例 　If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncom- fortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 　1     The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pi- oneer. 　2     We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor ' s bill for my son ' s food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 　3     Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 　4     We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight- foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 　5     It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A.This time there was no tent. B.Things are going to be improved. C.The trip they took me on was a rough one. D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解题指导】　本文第一空是过渡句。本文第一段中,作者强烈表达了 对野营的不喜欢。而第二段则是描述作者开始参加野营的情况。因此, 可以知道两段之间是对比关系。再看D选项中不仅有转折副词howev- er, 而且语义符合对上下两段的转折,起到了非常好的串联作用,因此选 D。 3.利用语义一致选择细节句 细节句是文章补全阅读的最重要的题型。其核心就是选择一个和本空 前后意群内容相符的句子。正确选择细节句,最主要的是要看懂相关句 子的上下文,然后从所提供的选项中选择一个语义一致的句子。 在细节句的选择上,除了深层的语义一致性原则,还可以关注所提供的 选项中和该空上下文是否有复现词,或同义词、近义词等。这些都是细 节句选择的信息要素。 例 　Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you ' re try- ing to get work done. 　1     , there are several ways to handle things. Let ' s take a look at them now. 　2     . Tell the person you ' re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you ' ll find them then. 　3     . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions. When you need to talk to someone, don ' t do it in your own office. 　4     , it ' s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are. If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 　5     . If someone knocks and it ' s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you ' re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you ' re not to be disturbed. A.If you ' re busy, don ' t feel bad about saying no B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D.If you ' re in the other person ' s office or in a public area E.It ' s important that you let them know when you ' ll be available F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G.Leave it open when you ' re available to talk and close it when you ' re not 【解题指导】　本文第一题就是细节句。本文的主要内容是介绍在工 作中避免干扰的方法。根据语境可知,正确答案为B项。首先,该句与上 下句语义一致。上句语义是:当你正在做工作时是被干扰最头疼的事 情。而本句的语义是:当你想在工作中避免受到干扰时。两句语义关系 很紧密。 其次,该句在句中,符合细节句的特点。同时,该空后面是逗号,表示该空 是句子的一部分,应该和后面的句子有直接的关系。 第三,该句中有前句的核心词interruptions复现,也是细节句的重要标 志。