北京市清华附中2019-2020学年高二下学期居家自主检测英语试题

北京市清华附中2019-2020学年高二下学期居家自主检测英语试题

高二年级居家自主学习在线检测试卷 英语试题 第一部分 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A lifesaving traffic stop Kemira had just jumped in the shower when her mother Tammy banged on the door. Kemira’s 12-day-old daughter was ___1___. Having fed baby Ryleigh just 30 minutes earlier, the new mother burst out of the bathroom and began patting her daughter ___2___ the back. Ryleigh was usually quick to cry. Now she didn’t make a ___3___, “I’d been told to raise their arms when babies are choking, so I tried that, but she still was ___4___ to breathe,” Kemira said later. She knew Ryleigh needed to get to the hospital fast.‎ The three had barely ___5___ it out of their neighborhood when the flashing lights of a police cruiser appeared behind them. Deputy Will Kimbro figured that the ___6___ driver was either too distracted to notice him or simply unconcerned. Kimbro soon found out it was a frightening ___7___ of the two.‎ Once she’d ___8___ to the curb (路边), a frantic Tammy jumped out of the car, exclaiming that her granddaughter had stopped breathing.‎ Desperate for help, Kemira handed the baby to Kimbro. He put a hand on her little ___9___. Ryleigh’s heart was barely beating.‎ Kimbro radioed for a(an) ____10____—it was seven minutes out, and the hospital was even further away. That was seven minutes Ryleigh didn’t have, her lips already an ominous shade of blue.‎ Luckily, Kimbro had recently completed a CPR class and knew ____11____ how to treat a baby. “Although I was ____12____, my training kicked in, and I went to work to keep that baby ____13____,” says Kimbro. He gave Ryleigh to Kemira to hold, his hands busy as he checked for a pulse. Then he began tapping and kneading (揉) Ryleigh’s chest, hoping to massage her heart back into action. Thanks to the CPR class, Kimbro knew the choking baby didn’t have a ____14____ if there was a blockage, and he used one finger to clear her airway (气道). That was the magic touch; 20 seconds later, Ryleigh began to fuss. Then came a whimper.‎ ‎“If she’s crying like that, she’s breathing,” said Kimbro. The ____15____ was obvious in his trembling voice. “____16____ she’s crying, she’s breathing.”‎ But they still had five more minutes until medical service would arrive, and Kimbro worried that Ryleigh would choke again. He continued with delicate chest compressions and periodically clearing her airway.‎ In the body camera footage, Kimbro can be heard ____17____ Kemira, the approaching sirens wailing in the background: “I didn’t feel a heartbeat earlier, so I started massaging her heart and now I feel it. It’s real strong now.”‎ At the hospital, Ryleigh ____18____ quickly, and she was back to her ____19____ lively self in no time—thanks to a ____20____ police officer who was in the right place at the right time.‎ ‎1. A. laughing B. crying C. murmuring D. choking ‎2. A. on B. at C. in D. against ‎3. A. wish B. face C. sound D. decision ‎4. A. unwilling B. hesitating C. expected D. forced ‎5. A. made B. sought C. got D. took ‎6. A. drunk B. speeding C. skillful D. relaxed ‎7. A. alternative B. former C. combination D. latter ‎8. A. pulled away B. pulled into C. pulled through D. pulled over ‎9. A. stomach B. chest C. throat D. back ‎10. A. ambulance B. nurse C. assistant D. mask ‎11. A. only B. hardly C. instantly D. exactly ‎12. A. thrilled B. shocked C. worn D. skeptical ‎13. A. alive B. asleep C. warm D. quiet ‎14. A. breath B. cure C. symptom D. chance ‎15. A. faith B. numbness C. concern D. relief ‎16. A. Even though B. As if C. As long as D. If only ‎17. A. Inquiring B. comforting C. catering D. interrupting ‎18. A. suffered B. developed C. recovered D. faded ‎19. A. usual B. unique C. true D. inner ‎20. A. sacred B. lucky C. determined D. cheerful ‎【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位名为Will Kimbro的警察，果断救了一个被噎住婴儿Ryleigh的故事。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kemira 12天大的女儿噎住了。A. laughing笑；B. crying哭泣；C. murmuring低声说；D. choking噎住，使窒息。根据后文when babies are choking可知婴儿噎住了。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：30分钟前刚给宝宝Ryleigh喂奶，这位新妈妈从浴室里冲了出来，开始拍女儿的后背。A. on在上面；B. at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；C. in在里面；D. against反对。根据上文patting her daughter可知是给婴儿拍后背。pat sb. on the back“拍某人的背”。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在她没有发出任何声音，“我被告知当婴儿窒息时要举起他们的手臂，所以我试了一下，但她仍然呼吸困难，”Kemira后来说。A. wish希望；B. face脸；C. sound声音；D. decision决定。根据上文Ryleigh was usually quick to cry. Now she didn’t make a可知婴儿因为窒息发不出声音了。故选C。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在她没有发出任何声音，“我被告知当婴儿窒息时要举起他们的手臂，所以我试了一下，但她仍然呼吸困难，”Kemira后来说。A. unwilling不情愿；B. hesitating犹豫；C. expected期待；D. forced迫使。根据后文She knew Ryleigh needed to get to the hospital fast.可知Kemira尝试给Ryleigh救治，但是没有起作用，Ryleigh仍然呼吸困难。hesitate to do sth.“犹豫做某事”。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三个人刚刚开出他们的社区，一辆警车的闪光灯就出现在他们身后。A. made制作；B. sought寻找；C. got得到；D. took带走。此处考查短语make it表示“成功，走完路程”。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：副警长Will Kimbro认为，超速的司机要么是注意力过于分散，没有注意到他，要么就是根本不关心自己是否超速。A. drunk喝醉的；B. speeding高速行驶的；C. skillful熟练的；D. relaxed放松的。结合后文警察拦下了他们的车，可知他们超速了。其它选项不符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kimbro很快发现恐怕这次超速是两个原因的结合。A. alternative选择；B. former前者；C. combination结合；D. latter后者。结合上文可知因为婴儿噎住了，所以开车的人注意力分散，没有注意到警察，而且情况紧急所以也根本无法关心自己是否超速了。因此是两个原因结合在一起了。故选C。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她把车停在路边时，疯狂的Tammy从车里跳了出来，大叫着她的孙女已经停止呼吸了。A. pulled away离开；B. pulled into（车）进站；C. pulled through渡过难关；D. pulled over靠边停车。根据后文to the curb可知车停在了路边。故选D。‎ ‎9题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把手放在她的小胸口上。A. stomach胃；B. chest胸部；C. throat喉咙；D. back后背。根据后文Ryleigh’s heart was barely beating.可知是手放在胸上检查心跳。故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kimbro用无线电叫了一辆救护车——要7分钟的路程，而医院甚至更远。A. ambulance救护车；B. nurse护士；C. assistant助手；D. mask口罩。婴儿的心跳几乎停止了，在这种情况下Kimbro警长肯定是呼叫救护车。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Kimbro最近完成了心肺复苏术的课程，并且恰好知道如何正确地治疗婴儿。A. only仅仅；B. hardly几乎不；C. instantly立即；D. exactly恰好地。婴儿被噎住了，而Kimbro最近完成了心肺复苏术的课程，并且恰好（exactly）知道如何正确地治疗婴儿。故选D。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我很震惊，但我想起了我接受的训练，为了确保那个孩子活着，我还是去工作了。”Kimbro说。A. thrilled兴奋的；B. shocked震惊的；C. worn 疲倦的；D. skeptical怀疑的。Kimbro本来是在正常执勤，结果遇到了这件事，反应应当是很震惊的。故选B。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我很震惊，但我想起了我接受的训练，为了确保那个孩子活着，我还是去工作了。” Kimbro说。A. alive活着的；B. asleep睡着的；C. warm温暖的；D. quiet安静的。婴儿性命危机，这种情况肯定是为了确保那个孩子活着。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了心肺复苏术课程，Kimbro知道窒息的婴儿如果有阻塞就没有机会了，他用一根手指清理了她的气道。A. breath呼吸；B. cure治愈；C. symptom症状；D. chance机会。根据后文if there was a blockage, and he used one finger to clear her airway.可知Kimbro知道窒息的婴儿如果有阻塞就没有机会了，他用一根手指清理了她的气道。have a chance“有机会”。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从他颤抖的声音里，可以明显地感到如释重负。A. faith信仰；B. numbness麻木；C. concern关心；D. relief减轻，如释重负。根据上文That was the magic touch; 20 seconds later, Ryleigh began to fuss. Then came a whimper.可知听到婴儿哭了，说明婴儿得救了，Kimbro肯定感到如释重负。故选D。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：“只要她在哭，她就在呼吸。”A. Even though虽然；B. As if好像；C. As long as只要；D. If only只要。此处为条件状语从句，表示“只要”。故选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在视频中，可以听到Kimbro在安慰Kemira，背景中传来了警报声：“我之前没有感觉到心跳，所以我开始按摩她的心脏，现在我感觉到了。现在很强劲。”A. inquiring询问；B. comforting安慰；C. catering提供饮食；D. interrupting打断。Kemira孩子窒息受到了惊吓，现在情况终于好转，因此Kimbro在安慰Kemira。故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在医院里，Ryleigh很快就康复了，很快就恢复了往常的精神状态——多亏了一名坚定的警察，他在正确的时间出现在正确的地点。A. suffered遭受；B. developed发展；C. recovered恢复；D. faded凋谢。根据后文lively self in no time可知Ryleigh恢复了往常的精神状态。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院里，Ryleigh很快就康复了，很快就恢复了往常的精神状态——多亏了一名坚定的警察，他在正确的时间出现在正确的地点。A. usual往常的，通常的；B. unique独特的；C. true真实的；D. inner内在的。根据上文she was back to her可知Ryleigh恢复了往常的精神状态。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院里，Ryleigh很快就康复了，很快就恢复了正常的精神状态——多亏了一名果断的警察，他在正确的时间出现在正确的地点。A. sacred害怕的；B. lucky幸运的；C. determined果断的；D. cheerful快乐的。Kimbro在遇到这种情况下，没有胆怯而是用自己学过的急救知识果断地救了婴儿的性命，是个果断的警察。故选C。‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节；共45分）‎ 第一节 短文阅读（共16小题；每小题2分，共32分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On-Hop Off and City Sightseeing tours equipped with audio guide in II languages. Choose between three different routes that will take you through different and diverse areas of the city: The Classic Copenhagen tour, the Urban Green tour or the Colorful Copenhagen tour. It is up to you if you want to stay on board for a full ride or if you want to get off and explore sights on the way. You can hop off and on as much as you like. If you prefer a non-stop tour, then Copenhagen Panorama is perfect for you. This tour will take you to all the main attractions. It is live guided in English and includes photo stops at The Little Mermaid, Amalienborg Palace and the Opera.‎ Danes love being close to the water and this is no exception in Copenhagen. The water side of the city is very lively, and citizens love to spend their spare time along the canals. Explore the harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour. Choose between the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour or the Hop On-Hop Off boat tour with audio guide and experience Copenhagen and its beauty from the water side.‎ If you can’t decide between bus and boat—no worries. You can get both. A ticket that combines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at your own pace. With our combination tickets you even save money compared to buying separate tickets. A ticket to our ‎ combination tours allows you to experience all that Copenhagen has to offer from the water as well as from the land. Of course, you can freely switch between our buses and boats at various spots across the city if you go for the hop-on hop-off option.‎ Experience all the main attractions in the city: The Little Mermaid, the royal castle Amalienborg Palace, picturesque historical buildings like the colorful Nyhavn and feel the free spirit of Freetown Christania and the hygge at Frederiksbergs green areas. Our buses and boats take you easily to all the top attractions in Copenhagen!‎ ‎21. The text is most probably taken from ________.‎ A. a research paper B. a text book C. a travel brochure D. a user guide ‎22. What can we learn from the first paragraph?‎ A. You can hop on a bus or boat for limited times.‎ B. The Colorful Copenhagen tour is a non-stop tour.‎ C. Sightseeing tours are equipped with video guide in 11 languages.‎ D. All the main scenic spots are covered in the Copenhagen Panorama tour.‎ ‎23. If you want to fully explore Copenhagen at your own pace, which might be the best choice?‎ A. Choose the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour.‎ B. Get a combination ticket that combines bus and boat tours.‎ C. First buy a bus ticket and then buy a boat ticket for all the attractions.‎ D. Explore the idyllic harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个参观哥本哈根的旅行项目——“Hop On-Hop Off”和“城市观光游”。介绍了各自的特色和可选择的交通方式。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On-Hop Off and City Sightseeing tours equipped with audio guide in II languages.可知在哥本哈根，我们的“Hop On-Hop Off ‎”和“城市观光游”可以让您可以体验到哥本哈根最著名的景点，并配有会二种语言的语音导游。结合文章主要介绍了一项在哥本哈根旅行的项目，由此可推知，文章可能选自旅游手册。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中If you prefer a non-stop tour, then Copenhagen Panorama is perfect for you. This tour will take you to all the main attractions.可知如果你喜欢不间断的旅行，那么哥本哈根全景是最适合你的。这趟旅行将带你到所有的主要景点。由此可知，所有的主要景点都包括在Copenhagen Panorama中。故选D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中A ticket that combines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at your own pace.可知如果您选择了巴士和船的组合票，您将有机会以自己的节奏探索哥本哈根。由此可知，如果你想以自己的速度全面探索哥本哈根，那么买一张巴士和船游的组合票可能是最好的选择。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第一小题，一一对应型。根据第三段中A ticket that combines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at your own pace.可知如果您选择了巴士和船的组合票，您将有机会以自己的节奏探索哥本哈根。由此可知，如果你想以自己的速度全面探索哥本哈根，那么买一张巴士和船游的组合票可能是最好的选择。故选B。‎ B Loneliness hurts. It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that being lonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent. But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.‎ On March 26, just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv. It is the first study in humans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain that governs very basic impulses for reward and motivation. So, our need to connect is apparently as fundamental as our need to eat.‎ The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain responses ‎ to loneliness and hunger. 40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour session depriving (剥夺) them of food and another 10-hour session denying them social contact. Both sessions served as a control (对照) condition for each other.‎ The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange. Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce(l t)not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from ‎9 A.M. to 7 P.M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.‎ Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called “the substantia nigra”, a center of dopamine (多巴胺) release involved with motivation and desire. The dopaminergic response shows a strong wanting. In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects’ self-reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.‎ Finally, the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings. A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting (斋戒) proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even though it had never “seen” them. So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.‎ Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, an obvious next question for the work was whether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection. Those researchers were never able to get funding for such a study. But now it seems they will.‎ ‎24. The report posted on March 26 ________.‎ A. is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemic B. is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beings C. reflects the similarity between loneliness and hunger D. shows human need for reward and motivation ‎25. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A. Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging B. How loneliness was created among participants C. Why participants were denied access to phones D. How researchers compared brain responses ‎26. We can infer that participants’ substantia nigra showed ________ response(s) to the image of flowers.‎ A. little B. various C. strong D. consistent ‎27. What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?‎ A. The neural signature. B. Fasting.‎ C. Machine learning. D. The classifier.‎ ‎【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项研究，表明孤独和饥饿都在大脑深处的一个部分共享信号，而这个部分的大脑支配着非常基本的奖励和动机冲动。所以，我们对连接的需求显然和我们对吃饭的需求一样基本。文章就这项研究是如何开展的进行了说明，以及这项发现的意义。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可知但心理学家认为它之所以如此痛苦，是因为像饥饿和口渴一样，孤独就像一个生理上的警钟一样，给人敲响了生理上的警钟。由此可知，这份发表于‎3月26日的报告反映了孤独和饥饿之间的相似性。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第四段中Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from ‎9 A.M. to 7 P.M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可知有些人在人群中是孤独的，而另一些人则喜欢孤独，为了诱发不只是客观上的孤独感，而是主观上的孤独感，研究人员让参与者在实验室的一个房间里度过他们的时间，从早上9点到晚上7点，没有电话、笔记本电脑甚至小说，以备虚构人物提供一些社会支持。拼图是允许的，因为是预先批准的非小说阅读或写作。由此可知，第四段主旨大意是参与者之间如何产生孤独感。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects’ self-reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.可知在扫描仪中，参与者看到的是他们喜欢的社交形式和他们最喜欢的食物的图像，以及鲜花的控制图像。然后发现，黑质体只对被剥夺的东西的线索作出反应。该反应的大小与受试者的自我报告的饥饿或孤独程度相关，尽管饥饿感持续较强。结合上文可知参与者是没有花的，由此可推知，参与者的黑质体对花的形象几乎没有反应。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition可知事实证明，经过训练的软件分类器能够识别禁食期间的神经模式，尽管它（软件分类器）从未“看到”过类似的神经模式，但它还是能够识别出社会隔离状态下的类似神经模式。由此可知，it指代是上文中的“软件分类器”，故选D。‎ C Contemporary worries about the impact of technology are part of a historical pattern. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies. The technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to cast a dark shadow. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well deepen bias and prejudice, threaten your job and shore up authoritarian rulers.‎ Today’s gloomy mood is centred on smartphones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that humanity has taken a technological wrong turn, or that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arisen before. Stand back, and in these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealised hopes and unforeseen consequences. Technology frees the forces of creative destruction, so it is only natural that it leads to anxiety: for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to outweigh its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at once, as today, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.‎ However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against ‎ the much more substantial benefits of instant communication and access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something called a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.‎ That points to another lesson, which is that the remedy to technology-related problems very often involves more technology. And the most important lesson is about technology itself. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. Biotechnology can raise crop yields and cure diseases, but it could equally lead to deadly weapons. Technology itself has no agency: it is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Thus the techlash (技术鞭策) is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies that limit their destructive potential, accommodate change or strike a trade-off. Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a group of technologists.‎ Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate and come up with good answers. In that sense, techno-pessimism is a symptom of political pessimism. Yet there is something comforting about this: a gloomy debate is much better than no debate at all. And history still argues, on the whole, for optimism.‎ ‎28. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Reasons for techno-pessimism. B. History of technology development.‎ C. Consequences of technological turns. D. Attitude towards particular technologies.‎ ‎29 What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Worries about technology started a decade ago.‎ B. The drawbacks of technology are always neglected.‎ C. Skepticism is helpful for technology development if properly applied.‎ D. There isn’t much we can do to limit the destructive potential of technology.‎ ‎30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. History vs. Today. B. Technology vs. Debate.‎ C. Technology vs. Society. D. Pessimism vs. progress.‎ ‎31. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?‎ I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要就技术的进步导致悲观情绪的产生这一社会现象展开分析，说明了产生技术悲观的原因，和这种情绪的产生说明解决与技术相关的问题往往需要更多的技术。焦虑的真正根源并不是技术本身，而是人们对社会是否有能力举行这场辩论并提出好的答案的日益怀疑。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段中Stand back, and in these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealised hopes and unforeseen consequences. Technology frees the forces of creative destruction, so it is only natural that it leads to anxiety: for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to outweigh its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at once, as today, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.‎ 可知退一步说，在这些历史案例中，失望来自于未实现的希望和未曾预料到的后果。技术解放了创造性破坏的力量，因此，它导致焦虑是很自然的：对于任何一种技术来说，它的缺点有时似乎超过了它的好处。当这种情况同时发生在几种技术上时，就像今天这样，其结果是一种更广泛的技术悲观感。由此可知，第二段主要讲了技术悲观主义产生的原因。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a group of technologists.可知健康的怀疑主义意味着这些问题是通过广泛的辩论来解决的，而不是由一群技术人员来解决的。由此可推知，如果应用得当，怀疑主义有助于技术的发展。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段中Technology frees the forces of creative destruction, so it is only natural that it leads to anxiety: for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to outweigh its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at once, as today, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.可知技术解放了创造性破坏的力量，因此，它导致焦虑是很自然的：对于任何一种技术来说，它的缺点有时似乎超过了它的好处。当这种情况同时发生在几种技术上时，就像今天这样，其结果是一种更广泛的技术悲观感。结合文章主要就技术的进步导致悲观情绪的产生这一社会现象展开分析，说明了产生技术悲观的原因，和这种情绪的产生说明解决与技术相关的问题往往需要更多的技术。焦虑的真正根源并不是技术本身，而是人们对社会是否有能力举行这场辩论并提出好的答案的日益怀疑。故D选项“悲观主义与进步”符合文章标题。故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 推理判断题。分析文章结构可知，文章先是提出技术进步产生了技术悲观主义的论点，然后在此基础上提出两个论点，第一是这种悲观情绪可能是过度；第二是解决与技术相关的问题往往需要更多的技术。并且在第二个论点上再分出两个次要点，一是任何强大的技术都可以用来造福人类，也可以用来造福人类；二是技术冲突是采用重要新技术的必要步骤。最后文章得出结论：焦虑的真正根源并不是技术本身，而是人们对社会是否有能力举行这场辩论并提出好的答案的日益怀疑。由此可推知，A最符合文章中思想的发展。故选A。‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ D Stressed About Coronavirus? Monitor Your Body Language The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other health professionals, have maintained that the recent coronavirus can be spread by touching people or surfaces infected by the ‎ virus, and then touching your face-particularly your mouth, nose, and eyes, where the virus can gain access to your body. No doubt, fears of this potentially deadly virus is causing people around the world a great deal of stress. ____32____‎ You may have seen clips of health professionals warning about face-touching in press conferences, but then absent-mindedly touching their own faces-even licking a finger to turn a page on their written speeches! ____33____ Unfortunately, stress can increase the incidence of face-touching behavior.‎ A common body reaction to stress is self-touching. Some of that might consist of chin or cheek rubbing, which can bring infected fingers dangerously close to the mouth. Of course, there is also nail-biting, which provides the virus with direct access to the mouth.‎ Research on nonverbal signals of lying has focused on common body language signals connected with stress. ____34____ Stress from telling a lie has been associated with people touching their noses or faces. It has been suggested that temporary increases in tension or stress-such as when someone is telling a lie-may cause the nose to itch (发痒). This leads to response of scratching or rubbing the nose Stress may also lead to dry eyes, mainly because the automatic reaction to fear-induced stress is to widen the eyes and blink less frequently, thus drying out our eyes. Our responses can include eye rubbing behavior-opening the way for the virus to enter our bodies.‎ Don’t get me started talking about greetings. ____35____ However, greeting behaviors such as touching hands (handshaking), cheek-kissing and hugging all open the door for viral transmission (病毒传播). Moving to more safe forms of greeting -waves, fist-bumps, or even bowing-should become the norm during these troubling times.‎ ‎____36____ We need to become more aware of our nonverbal behavior and go into social situations more mindfully.‎ A. To sum up, what should we do?‎ B. Some of these same signals could lead to infection.‎ C. It is probably because they have been under too much stress.‎ D. In other words, nonverbal signals of stress might lead to infection.‎ E. That is why people may touch their noses or faces when telling a lie.‎ F. In social gatherings people almost automatically extend their hands or hug.‎ G. What’s worse many of our unconscious reactions to stress can lead to infection.‎ ‎【答案】32. G 33. C 34. B 35. F 36. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。疾病控制和预防中心和其他卫生专业人员坚持认为，最近的冠状病毒可以通过接触受病毒感染的人或皮肤，然后触摸你的脸，特别是你的嘴、鼻子和眼睛来传播。对这种潜在致命病毒的恐惧正在给全世界的人们带来巨大的压力。更糟糕的是，我们对压力的许多无意识反应都会导致感染。文章就因为人们日常的肢体动作会导致感染进行了说明。‎ ‎32题详解】‎ 根据上文No doubt, fears of this potentially deadly virus is causing people around the world a great deal of stress.可知毫无疑问，对这种潜在致命病毒的恐惧给世界各地的人们带来了巨大的压力。结合后文中You may have seen clips of health professionals warning about face-touching in press conferences, but then absent-mindedly touching their own faces-even licking a finger to turn a page on their written speeches!可知你可能看过卫生专业人员在新闻发布会上警告触碰面部的片段，但随后却心不在焉地摸自己的脸——甚至舔手指来翻页他们的书面发言！由此可知，本句承接上文说明压力给人带来的影响，且后文的例子具体说明了：面对压力时无意识的反应可能会导致感染。故G选项“更糟糕的是，我们对压力的许多无意识反应会导致感染”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 根据You may have seen clips of health professionals warning about face-touching in press conferences, but then absent-mindedly touching their own faces-even licking a finger to turn a page on their written speeches!可知你可能看过卫生专业人员在新闻发布会上警告触碰面部的片段，但随后却心不在焉地摸自己的脸——甚至舔手指来翻页他们的书面发言！由此可知，本句承接上文说明，卫生专业人员无意识地触碰自己的脸，甚至舔手指来翻页他们的书面发言的原因是他们承受了太大的压力。故C选项“这可能是因为他们承受了太大的压力”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 根据后文Stress from telling a lie has been associated with people touching their noses or faces. It has been suggested that temporary increases in tension or stress-such as when someone is telling a lie-may cause the nose to itch. This leads to response of scratching or rubbing the nose.‎ 可知这些信号中的一些可能会导致感染。说谎带来的压力与人们触摸自己的鼻子或脸有关。有人认为，紧张或压力的暂时增加——比如有人说谎的时候——可能会导致鼻子痒。这就导致了抓挠或摩擦鼻子的反应。由此可知，与压力有关的常见肢体语言信号可能会导致人们去触碰自己的鼻子或脸，从而导致感染。上文中common body language signals可对应到B选项中Some of these same signals。故B选项“这些信号中的一些可能会导致感染”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 根据上文Don’t get me started talking about greetings.可知更别说让我开始提到问候了。由此可知，本句应当承接上文说明人们互相问候的方式。故F选项“在社交场合，人们几乎会主动伸出手或拥抱”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 本句位于文章最后一段，有总结全文的作用，结合后文We need to become more aware of our nonverbal behavior and go into social situations more mindfully.可知我们需要对自己的非语言行为有更多的意识，并更谨慎地进入社交场合。由此可知，后文中we可对应到A选项中what should we do?，且sum up有“总之”的意思，故A选项“总之，我们应该做什么？”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ 第二节 短篇小说 The Stolen Bacillus ‎(1) “This again,” said the Bacteriologist (病毒学家), slipping a glass slide under the microscope, “is the celebrated Bacillus of cholera (霍乱) -the cholera germ.”‎ ‎(2) The pale-faced man peered down the microscope. He was evidently not accustomed to that kind of thing. “I see very little.” he said.‎ ‎(3) “Touch this screw,” said the Bacteriologist, “perhaps the microscope is out of focus.”‎ ‎(4) “Ah! now I see.” said the visitor “Not so very much to see after all. Little streaks and shreds of pink. And yet those little particles might multiply and devastate a city! Wonderful!”‎ ‎(5) He released the glass slip and held it towards the window. “Scarcely visible,” he said. Staring at the preparation, he hesitated, “Are these-alive?”‎ ‎(6) “Those have been stained and killed.” said the Bacteriologist. “I wish, for my own part, we could kill and stain every one of them in the universe.”‎ ‎(7) “I suppose,” the pale man said with a slight smile, “that you don’t have such things in the living-in the active state?”‎ ‎(8) “Actually, we have to.” said the Bacteriologist. “Here, for instance-” he took up one sealed ‎ tube, “is a cultivation of the actual living disease bacteria. Bottled cholera, so to speak.”‎ ‎(9) A slight gleam of satisfaction appeared momentarily in the face of the pale man. “It’s a deadly thing to have in your possession.” he said, devouring the little tube with his eyes. The Bacteriologist watched the morbid pleasure in his visitor’s expression. This man, who had appeared with a note of introduction from an old friend, interested him deeply. Nothing about his look, expression, manner and his keen interest resembled that of the ordinary scientific worker whom the Bacteriologist was familiar with. It was perhaps natural, though.‎ ‎(10) He held the tube in his hand thoughtfully. “Yes. Only break such a little tube as this into a supply of drinking water, and death full of pain and indignity would be released upon this city. He would take the husband from the wife, the child from its mother and the statesman from his duty. He would follow the watermains, creeping along streets, picking out and punishing a house where they did not boil their drinking-water, creeping into the wells of the mineral-water makers, getting washed into salad, and lying dormant in ices. Once start him at the water supply, he would have wiped out the metropolis before we know.”‎ ‎(11) He stopped abruptly. He had been told rhetoric was his weakness.‎ ‎(2) The eyes of the pale-faced man shone. “These Anarchists (无政府主义者) -rascals are blind fools to use bombs when this kind of thing is available.”‎ ‎(13) A gentle knock was heard at the door. The Bacteriologist opened it. “Just a minute, dear.” whispered his wife.‎ ‎(14) When he returned, his visitor was looking at his watch. “I had no idea it’s been an hour. I have an engagement at four and I must leave now.”‎ ‎(15) The Bacteriologist accompanied him to the door, and then returned thoughtfully to his laboratory. He was still thinking about his visitor. “How fascinated he was by those disease-germs!” Then a disturbing thought struck him. He turned to the bench and then his writing-table. He felt hastily in his pockets, and then rushed to the door.‎ ‎(16) “Minnie!” he shouted hoarsely in the hall.‎ ‎(17) “Yes, dear.”‎ ‎(18) “Had I anything in my hand when I spoke to you just now?”‎ ‎(19) Pause.‎ ‎(20) “Nothing, dear, because I remember-”‎ ‎(21) “Blue ruin!” cried the Bacteriologist and rushed to the front door and into the street.‎ ‎(22) Minnie, hearing the door slam violently, ran to the window Down the street a slender man was getting into a cab (马车). The Bacteriologist, hatless and in his slippers, was running and gesticulating wildly towards this group. One slipper came off unnoticed. The slender man, glancing round, seemed shocked. He pointed to the Bacteriologist and said something to the cabman. The cabman swished his whip and in a moment the cab disappeared around the corner.‎ ‎(23) Minnie was dumbfounded. “Of course, he is out of his mind,” she thought, “but running about London-in the height of the season, in his socks!” A happy thought struck her. She hastily put on her hat, shoes and coat, and stopped a cab that passed by. “Drive me up the road and round Havelock Crescent and see if we can find a gentleman running about in a velveteen coat and no hat.” “Very good, ma’am.” And the cabman whipped up at once in the most matter-of-fact way.‎ ‎(24) Some few minutes later, the little group of cabmen at the cabmen’s shelter were startled by the passing of a cab with a several ginger-colored horses driven furiously.‎ ‎(25) Must be an emergency, they said. Moments later, they were stunned to see another cab racing by.‎ ‎(26) “It’s Old George,” said one, “and he’s driving a lunatic, as you say.”‎ ‎(27) The group became excited. “Go George! It’s a race! You’ll get him!”‎ ‎(28) The sight of a third cab flying by aroused more curiosity. Minnie went by in a perfect roar of applause. She did not like it but she felt that she was doing her duty. She fixed her eyes on the animated back of Old George that was driving her husband.‎ ‎(29) The man in the foremost cab sat crouched in the comer, with the little tube gripped in his hand. He felt a mixture of fear and exultation. Chiefly he was afraid of being caught before he could accomplish his purpose but behind this was a vaguer but larger fear of the awfulness of his crime. But his joy far exceeded his fear. No Anarchist before him had ever approached this. All those distinguished persons whose fame he had envied became insignificant. He had only to break the little tube into a well. How brilliantly he had planned it, faked the letter of introduction, and got into the laboratory. How brilliantly he had seized his opportunity! The world should hear of him at last. All those people who had sneered at him and neglected him should consider him at last. Death! They had always treated him as nobody. All the world had been in a conspiracy to keep him under. He would teach them yet what it is to isolate a man. He stuck his head out of the cab. The Bacteriologist was ‎ scarcely fifty yards behind. That was bad. He would be caught and stopped yet. He felt in his pocket for money and found half a sovereign. This he waved the money in the cabman’s face. “More,” he shouted, “if only we get away.”‎ ‎(30) The money was snatched out of his hand. The cab swayed as it sped up. The Anarchist put the hand containing the little glass tube on the bench to preserve his balance. He felt the tube cracked and saw what it contained flow onto the cab floor. He let out a curse and stared dismally at the two or three drops of moisture on the apron.‎ ‎(31) He shuddered.‎ ‎(32) “Well! I suppose I shall be the first. Anyhow. I shall be a Martyr. That’s something But I wonder if it hurts as much as they say.”‎ ‎(33) He picked up the broken end of the tube, where there was still a little drop inside. And he drank that to make sure. He would not fail.‎ ‎(34) Then it dawned upon him that there was no further need to escape. In Wellington Street he told the cabman to stop and got out. He slipped on the step. His head felt queer. It was rapid stuff this cholera poison. He stood on the pavement with his arm folded upon his breast awaiting the arrival of the Bacteriologist. There was something tragic in his pose. The sense of death gave him a certain dignity. He laughed.‎ ‎(35) “You are too late, my friend. I have drunk it. Long live anarchy!”‎ ‎(36) The Bacteriologist from his cab beamed curiously at him. “You have drunk it! An Anarchist! I see now.” He was about to say something more but stopped. He opened the cab door as if to get off. The Anarchist waved him a dramatic farewell and strode off to Waterloo Bridge, carefully bumping his infected body against as many people as possible. The Bacteriologist was so shocked that he didn’t notice Minnie appearing on the pavement with his hat and shoes and overcoat. “Very good of you to bring my things.” he said and remained lost in his thoughts.‎ ‎(37) “You had better get in,” he said. Minnie felt convinced now that he was mad and directed the cabman home. The cab began to turn, hiding the black figure in the distance from the Bacteriologist’s eyes. Then suddenly something strange struck him and he laughed. Then he remarked, “It is really very serious though.”‎ ‎(38) “You see, that man came to my house to see me and he is an Anarchist. No-don’t faint, or I cannot possibly tell you the rest. And I wanted to astonish him, not knowing he was an Anarchist, and ‎ took up a cultivation of that new species of Bacterium I think caused the blue patches upon various monkeys. Like a fool, I said it was Asiatic cholera. And he ran away with it to poison the water of London, and he certainly might have made things look blue for this civilized city. And now he has swallowed it. Of course, I cannot say what will happen, but you know it turned that kitten blue, and the three puppies-in patches, and the sparrow-bright blue But the bother is, I shall have all the trouble and expense of preparing some more.”‎ ‎(39) “Put on my coat on this hot day! Why? Because we might meet Mrs. Jabber? My dear! Mrs. Jabber is not a draught. But why should I wear a coat on a hot day because of Mrs. -? Oh! Very well.”‎ A. one who suffers greatly or is killed, esp. due to political or religious beliefs B. clever language that sounds good but is not sincere or meaningless C. someone who wishes to destroy the existing government and laws D. a substance that has been specially prepared for use as a medicine E. to look at something with great interest and enthusiasm F. to show, express or direct through movement G. to eat all of something quickly and eagerly 前5个小题根据小说内容，判断表述是否正确，正确的请选A，错误的选B。第6-10个小题,请在A-G选项中找出五个单词在文中的正确英文释义，其中有两个是多余选项。最后一个小题, 根据小说内容用完整句子回答问题。‎ ‎37. The visitor, with the help of the Bacteriologist, saw the living disease bacteria on the glass slip.‎ ‎38. Minnie chased after her husband to bring him the coat and shoes he needed.‎ ‎39. Seeing the tube broken and its content spilt, the Anarchist felt angry and disappointed first.‎ ‎40. By saying “it is really very serious though”, the Bacteriologist showed his care about the Anarchist.‎ ‎41. The Bacteriologist knew who the visiting man was and played a trick on him.‎ ‎42. preparation (Para. 5)‎ ‎43. devour (Para. 9)‎ ‎44. rhetoric (Para. 11)‎ ‎45. gesticulate (Para. 22)‎ ‎46. Marty (Para. 32)‎ ‎47. What is the theme of this story, and how is it relevant to today’s society and culture?‎ ‎【答案】37. B 38. A ‎ ‎39. A 40. B ‎ ‎41. B 42. D ‎ ‎43. E 44. B ‎ ‎45. F 46. A ‎ ‎47. This short story has a couple of themes that are applicable in today’s society and culture.‎ The first theme might be about the science itself. “The Stolen Bacillus” presents readers with a scientist who is working with materials that are potential killers. This is true of scientists today as many present-day scientific breakthroughs may harm human beings or the nature. However, the story shows readers a scientist that is basically an absent-minded professor. He takes very little caution regarding the information that he hands out to the anarchist. He behaves like a lunatic in the way that he chases after the anarchist. The chase is completely comical and in no way mimics the severity of the situation that we think is happening. He may be smart enough to do the work, but not smart enough to know the consequences of his studies. Scientists should not only ask if something is possible, but also ask if something should be done in the first place.‎ Another theme is that things are not always what they appear to be. The anarchist at first appears harmless, but he winds up being someone that intends to hopefully kill thousands of people. The bacteria itself at first appears to readers as a city killer, but it winds up being basically harmless. This theme of things not being what they first appear could be related to old sayings like “don’t judge a book by its cover”.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇小说。一个无政府主义者偷窃了细菌学家一种以为可以杀死许多人的细菌，结果路上管子打破，无政府主义者喝了液体想要身先士卒，但却并没有死去的故事。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段“Touch this screw,” said the Bacteriologist, “perhaps the microscope is out of focus.”可知“摸摸这个螺丝钉，”细菌学家说，“也许显微镜的焦距不对。”由此可知，来访者是借助显微镜看到的致病细菌。“来访者在细菌学家的帮助下，看到了玻璃片上的活的致病细菌”表述错误，故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二十二段中Minnie, hearing the door slam violently, ran to the window Down ‎ the street a slender man was getting into a cab. The Bacteriologist, hatless and in his slippers…可知Minnie听见门砰地一声关上了，便跑到街那头的窗口。细菌学家，没戴帽子，穿着拖鞋……以及最后一段“Put on my coat on this hot day! Why? Because we might meet Mrs. Jabber? My dear! Mrs. Jabber is not a draught. But why should I wear a coat on a hot day because of Mrs. -? Oh! Very well.”可知“在这么热的天穿上我的外套!为什么？因为我们可能会遇到Jabber夫人？我的亲爱的! Jabber太太不是一个演员。但是为什么我要在大热天因为Jabber太太穿外套？哦！很好。”由此可知，“Minnie追着丈夫去给他拿他需要的外套和鞋子”表述正确，故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三十段中He let out a curse and stared dismally at the two or three drops of moisture on the apron.可知他咒骂了一声，忧郁地盯着围裙上的两三滴水。由此可知，“看到管子破了，里面的东西掉了出来，无政府主义者首先感到愤怒和失望”表述正确，故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三十七段中Then suddenly something strange struck him and he laughed. 可知突然，一件奇怪的事情触动了他，他大笑起来。由此可知，细菌学这句话有其他的意味，并不是对无政府主义者的关心，故“细菌学家通过说‘这确实是非常严重的’来表示他对无政府主义者的关心”错误。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中And I wanted to astonish him, not knowing he was an Anarchist…可知而我想吓一跳他，不知道他是无政府主义者……由此可知，细菌学家并不知道来访的人是谁。“细菌学家知道来访的人是谁，并且捉弄了他”错误，故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第四段中Little streaks and shreds of pink. And yet those little particles might multiply and devastate a city! Wonderful!可知粉红色的小条纹和碎屑。然而，这些小颗粒可能会繁殖，毁掉一座城市! 真是太神奇了！由此可知，preparation此处指的是上文提到的那些材料，即“一种经过特殊准备用作药物的物质”，故选D。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文The Bacteriologist watched the morbid pleasure in his visitor’s expression.可知细菌学家注意到来访者脸上那种病态的愉快表情。由此可知，这个人是带着极大的兴趣和热情在看那根小管子，故划线单词意思为“带着极大的兴趣和热情看某物”，故选E。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第十段中Yes. Only break such a little tube as this into a supply of drinking water, and death full of pain and indignity would be released upon this city. He would take the husband from the wife, the child from its mother and the statesman from his duty. He would follow the watermains, creeping along streets, picking out and punishing a house where they did not boil their drinking-water, creeping into the wells of the mineral-water makers, getting washed into salad, and lying dormant in ices. Once start him at the water supply, he would have wiped out the metropolis before we know.可知是的。只要把这样一根小管子打破，变成饮用水，这个城市就会被释放充满痛苦和侮辱的死亡。他会把丈夫从妻子身边带走，把孩子从母亲身边带走，把政治家从自己的职责中带走。他会顺着水管，沿着街道爬行，挑出并惩罚那些没有烧开饮用水的房子，爬进矿泉水瓶制造商的井里，把水冲进沙拉里，然后躺在冰里冬眠。一旦让他开始供水，他就会在我们知道之前毁掉整个大都市。由此可知，细菌学家在上文中运用了大量的修辞，他突然停下，想起有人告诉他，修辞是他的弱点。故划线单词意思为“听起来不错但不真诚或无意义的巧妙语言”，故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文wildly towards this group可知没戴帽子、穿着拖鞋的细菌学家，一边跑一边向这群人疯狂地打着手势，想要引起他们注意，由此可知，划线单词意思为“通过运动来显示、表达或指导”，故选F。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三十三段中He picked up the broken end of the tube, where there was still a little drop inside. And he drank that to make sure.可知他捡起管子坏了的一端，那里还有一点液体。他喝了那个来确定。由此可知，无政府主义者喝了管子里的液体，想要身先士卒，成为殉道者，故划线单词意思为“尤指由于政治或宗教信仰遭受极大痛苦或被杀害的人”，故选A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。题目要求为“这个故事的主题是什么？它与当今的社会和文化有什么关系？”，文章为一篇短篇小说，为一个细菌学家给无政府主义者研制了能够杀死许多人的细菌，结果管子打破，无政府主义者喝了液体并没有死去的故事。这个短篇故事有两个主题，适用于今天的社会和文化，第一个主题可能是关于科学本身；另一个主题是事物并不总是像它们看起来那样。回答应围绕这两个主题展开。‎ 第三部分 基础知识（共两节；共20分）‎ 第一节 原版小说（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）‎ 前5个小题根据小说Private Peaceful的情节，后5个小题根据小说Lord of the Flies的情节，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎48. How did Tommy’s father die?‎ A. He fell onto the ground from the tree.‎ B. He fought with the Colonel and was sentenced to death.‎ C. He tried to save Tommy from being struck by a falling tree.‎ D. He was sent to the battlefield and killed by the foe in the war.‎ ‎49. What did mother do when she found Charlie stole Bertha?‎ A. She bought Bertha with six pence.‎ B. She begged the Colonel to forgive Charlie.‎ C. She told Charlie to give up Bertha.‎ D She asked Charlie to apologize to the Colonel.‎ ‎50. Why was Charlie sentenced to death?‎ A. Because he was a recognized coward.‎ B. Because he didn’t follow Hanley’s order.‎ C. Because he ran away from the battlefield.‎ D. Because he had a terrible fight with Hanley.‎ ‎51. Why didn’t Charlie tell Mother and Molly the real life that they lived in the front?‎ A. Because he surely enjoyed the life of being a soldier.‎ B. Because he believed the terrible life would end very soon.‎ C. Because he wanted them to encourage more people to fight in the front.‎ D. Because he didn’t want the horrible life to ruin the peacefulness of home.‎ ‎52. What is the ending of the story?‎ A. Tommy continued to serve in the army.‎ B. Tommy took revenge on Hanley by killing him.‎ C. Tommy was promoted to a higher rank in the army.‎ D. Tommy went home and lived a happy life with Molly.‎ ‎53. When did Jack first put on a mask?‎ A. When he failed to be the chief. B. Before he managed to hunt a pig.‎ C. When he tried to hunt the beast. D. Before he stole glasses from Piggy.‎ ‎54. Why did Jack put the pigs head on a stick?‎ A. To attract other pigs. B. To summon all boys.‎ C. To pray for rescue. D. To worship the beast.‎ ‎55. Why did Jack steal Peggy’s glasses in the night raid?‎ A. To send signal for rescue. B. To make a fire for himself.‎ C. To force Piggy to surrender. D. To negotiate with Ralph equally.‎ ‎56. How was Piggy killed?‎ A. Ralph did not help Piggy, who fell off the cliff.‎ B. Jack ordered Roger to push a boulder to kill Piggy.‎ C. Roger pushed the lever and a falling boulder hit Piggy.‎ D. Jack fought against Ralph but accidentally killed Piggy.‎ ‎57. Which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Ralph was first frightened by the pigs head and then worshipped it.‎ B. The lord of the flies that Simon once saw was a fly on the pigs head.‎ C. Ralph still regarded himself as the chief of boys when he was rescued.‎ D. Sam and Eric had become savages when Ralph went back to Jacks camp.‎ ‎【答案】48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Tommy的父亲是试图救Tommy不被倒下的树砸中而死的。故选C。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，当妈妈发现查理偷走了Bertha时，她用六便士买了Bertha。故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Charlie被判处死刑，因为他没有服从Hanley的命令。故选B。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Charlie不告诉妈妈和Molly他们在前线的真实生活，因为他不想让可怕的生活破坏家庭的宁静。故选D。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，故事的结局是Tommy继续在军队服役。故选A。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Jack第一次戴上面具是在他成功猎到一头猪之前。故选B。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Jack把猪头放在一根棍子上，是因为崇拜野兽。故选D。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Jack在夜袭中偷了Piggy的眼镜是为自己生火。故选B。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，Roger推了一下杠杆，一只滚落的大石头砸到了Piggy，从而杀死了Piggy。故选C。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 细节理解题。结合小说内容可知，当Ralph获救时，他仍然认为自己是孩子们的领袖。故选C。‎ 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ It is ___58___ (believe) that the developmental transformation called “adolescence” can be painful. One of the reasons is ___59___ young people often feel pressed to redefine their identity. For example, comparisons are always being made with outstanding peers that represent ideals for growing up. In consequence, a lot of young people may be under constant pressure. They think if they ___60___ (work) harder earlier, they would be able to measure up now. If you are continually worried about the imperfections, you may need an alterative to idealism. That is, think about how to develop what is uniquely you rather than why you can’t be like them.‎ ‎【答案】58. believed ‎ ‎59. that 60. had worked ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。人们相信，被称为“青春期”的发育转变可能是痛苦的，文章分析了会产生这种痛苦的原因。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查固定句型。句意：人们相信，被称为“青春期”的发育转变可能是痛苦的。此处为固定句型It is believed that…表示“人们相信……”，故填believed。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：其中一个原因是年轻人经常感到重新定义自己身份的压力。此处为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查虚拟语气。句意：他们认为如果他们早些时候努力学习，现在就能达到要求了。此处表示与过去事实相反，主句用“主语＋would/should/might/could have＋动词过去分词”结构；从句用“had＋动词过去分词”结构。故填had worked。‎ ‎【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：‎ 一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句；‎ 二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）；‎ 三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。‎ 如第二小题，句意：其中一个原因是年轻人经常感到重新定义自己身份的压力。此处为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Supermarkets in the US and Canada have started limiting the number of toilet paper packs customers ___61___ buy. Why are people buying so much toilet paper ___62___ doesn’t offer special protection against the virus? Some say, ___63___ is natural that people, being social creatures, look to each other for what is dangerous. All those photos of empty shelves may lead people to believe that they must rush out and grab toilet paper while they still can. For others, the fact ___64___ they must live as much as possible at home makes it urgent to “stock up” on essentials, which certainly include ‎ toilet paper. After all, if we run out of toilet paper, what do we replace it with?‎ ‎【答案】61. can/could ‎ ‎62. which/that ‎ ‎63. it 64. that ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。美国和加拿大的超市已经开始限制顾客可以购买的卫生纸的数量。文章分析了产生这一现象的原因。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：美国和加拿大的超市已经开始限制顾客可以购买的卫生纸的数量。根据后文buy为动词原形，可知此处应填情态动词，表示“能够”，故填can/could。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：为什么人们要买这么多不能提供特殊防护的卫生纸？此处为定语从句修饰先行词toilet paper，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：有人说，人们作为社会性的生物，相互关注危险的东西是很自然的。此处为it做形式主语结构，构成句型“it be natural+ that从句”，表示“……是很自然的”。故填it。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：对另一些人来说，他们必须尽可能多地住在家里，这一事实使得他们迫切需要“储备”生活必需品，其中当然包括卫生纸。此处为同位语从句，解释fact的内容，从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。故填that。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：‎ ‎1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。‎ ‎2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。‎ ‎3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 ‎ ‎4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。‎ 如第二小题，句意：为什么人们要买这么多不能提供特殊防护的卫生纸？此处为定语从句修饰先行词toilet paper，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ What do top minds from various fields think about ___65___ life will be like in 30 years? Mathematical biologist Joel Cohen says that the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas. According to Bill Mitchell, director of MIT’s Smart Cities research group, by 2050 self-driving cars ___66___ (make) the roads safer, providing more efficient transports. To find out more about the predictions of future life, at nine o’clock tomorrow morning, I ____67____ (attend) a seminar held by the Future World Forum.‎ ‎【答案】65. what ‎ ‎66. will have made ‎ ‎67. will be attending ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。短文先是提到了各个领域的顶尖人物对30年后的生活的预测，接着引出如果想要了解更多关于未来生活的预测，明天早上九点，作者将出席一个由未来世界论坛举办的研讨会。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：各个领域的顶尖人物是如何看待30年后的生活的？此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事情应用what引导。故填what。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：麻省理工学院智能城市研究小组主任Bill Mitchell表示，到2050年，自动驾驶汽车将使道路更安全，提供更高效的交通工具。根据上文by 2050可知表示表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作应用将来完成时，故填will have made。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：为了了解更多关于未来生活的预测，明天早上九点，我将出席一个由未来世界论坛举办的研讨会。根据上文at nine o’clock tomorrow morning可知表示将来的某一个时刻正在发生的动作应用将来进行时，故填will be attending。‎ 第四部分 书面表达（共15分）‎ ‎68.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在居家自主学习期间第一次为家人做饭的过程，并以“My First Cooking”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。‎ 提示词：家常菜homely dishes 注意：1. 词数不少于60；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】◇ Version 1‎ Last Friday I finished my online course with a rather exhausted mind. Weekdays are finally over but the burdens seemed impossible to go away I was sitting before my desk and doing my homework. When I looked at the clock, it was already 6:20 p.m. I was starving, and neither of my parents had returned from work. Wrestling with my hunger, an idea suddenly occurred to me. Why not cook a dish for my parents myself? Although I’ve never ‎ cooked before. I was sure I could figure it out.‎ I turned on my smartphone and went online to search for the recipe of homely dishes. There was a great amount of information provided on the Internet, and after taking various factors into consideration. I decided to cook a fish.‎ The process was not so hard as I imagined, as a matter of fact. I followed the instructions strictly and was extremely careful not to miss any single details in the entire procedure. The outcome was of course far from brilliant but seemed quite decent. It actually tasted not bad at all.‎ Apart from the main dish, I also came up with a vegetable dish and some rice and soup. When my parents came home, they were literally astonished. Mom took pictures with her phone while Dad gave me an encouraging smile and a big thumb up.‎ It was the first time I had cooked and the experience means so much to me. It set me free from my busy daily routine, giving me a precious opportunity to do something for the ones I cherish and react to their unconditional support that I’ve neglected for so long.‎ ‎◇ Version 2‎ Last Friday, after I finished my online classes, I started doing homework as I always do. Time seemed to fly by and as I glanced up at the clock, it was already 6:20. My parents were still at work and must be worn out after a week’s work Suddenly, an idea flashed through my mind—I could cook for my parents.‎ As it was the first time for me to cook, I searched for the recipe of homely dishes on the Internet. After some comparison, I chose two dishes that my parents liked the most.‎ Dealing with the fish was the hardest part. After laying the fish in the pan, drops of oil spilled out and landed on my finger. I was scared but managed to calm down and rolled over the fish. As the color of the fish turned golden, I added some salt and garlic. Finally, I finished my first dish and it smelt really great.‎ My parents arrived home the moment I finished cooking. Serving them with the food I made, I was nervous because I didn’t know if I had got everything right. Thankfully, my dad gave me a thumb-up after his first bite and my mom took photos to mark this unforgettable meal. My parents said that I had grown. I was delighted to hear that and was ready to shoulder more things for my parents in the future.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇图画类作文。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在居家自主学习期间第一次为家人做饭的过程，并以“My First Cooking”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：homely dishes(家常菜)；exhausted (筋疲力尽的)；search for (寻找)；as a matter of fact (事实上)；far from (远非)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如When I looked at the clock, it was already 6:20 p.m.运用了时间状语从句；Although I’ve never cooked before, I was sure I could figure it out.运用了让步状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎