【英语】2018届语法二轮复习定语从句学案（15页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习定语从句学案（15页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习 定语从句 真题搜索 单句改错 ‎1．(2016·四川) The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.‎ ‎2．(2014·广西) And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．what → that/which或去掉what 句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。先行词dishes在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that，which或省略关系代词。‎ ‎2．that →as句意：尽可能多交朋友是很明智的。本句是as...as...引导的定语从句，先行词是good friends，因为前面有as many修饰，所以关系代词使用as，指代先行词，并在句中作省略的have的宾语。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，65) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter...‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，67) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江，7) The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by ________ we see the world around us.‎ ‎4．(2016·浙江，11) Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江，14) When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one ________ reflected my interest.‎ ‎6．(2016·北京，22) I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ ‎7．(2016·天津，9) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.‎ ‎8．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，64) I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings．‎ ‎9．(2015·北京，24) Opposite is St. Paul's Church，________ you can hear some lovely music.‎ ‎10．(2015·福建，34) China Today attracts a worldwide ‎ readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎11．(2015·湖南，29) It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ ‎12．(2015·天津，15) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.‎ ‎13．(2015·江苏，21) The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ ‎14．(2015·四川，3) The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ ‎15．(2015·陕西，15) As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.‎ ‎16．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，67) Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.‎ ‎17．(2014·山东，10) A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ ‎18．(2014·江苏，22) The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.‎ ‎19．(2014·湖南，31) I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.‎ ‎20．(2014·北京，26) I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.‎ ‎21．(2014·重庆，9) We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.‎ ‎22．(2014·陕西，13) Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.‎ ‎23．(2014·四川，4) Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.‎ ‎24．(2014·福建，31) Students should involve themselves in community activities________ they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎25．(2014·安徽，22) The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．when句意：……但是我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。先行词the mid1980s在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导定语从句。‎ ‎2．who 句意：一些人认为生活在大约公元前551年到479年之间的中国的伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展进程。所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。‎ ‎3．which句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的the basic processes，所以介词by后面用which。‎ ‎4．which句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个是被证明的。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which”引导。‎ ‎5．that句意：当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。先行词为the one，所以引导词要用that。‎ ‎6．whose句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们家的孩子们总是很喧闹。此处用引导词whose在定语从句中作定语修饰children。‎ ‎7．when句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空后是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词是表示时间的名词next week，故用when引导。‎ ‎8．that/which句意：我没有参观附近的桂林——游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江黑水的理想的地点，它们被画家画到很多中国画中。因为先行词指物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。‎ ‎9．where句意：对面是圣·保罗大教堂，在那里，‎ 你可以听到美妙的音乐。因为先行词St. Paul's Church在非限制性定语从句中充当地点状语，所以这里使用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎10．which句意：《今日中国》获得全世界读者的关注，表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。which引导非限制性定语从句代替前面整句话。‎ ‎11．which句意：这真是一个令人高兴的地方，这个地方看起来和一百年前一样，有蜿蜒的街道和美丽的小屋。先行词a truly delightful place是物，且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。‎ ‎12．where句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都喜欢工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词，定语从句中缺少状语，故用where引导。‎ ‎13．as句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如……”。‎ ‎14．whose句意：桌子上封面发光的那些书是给我们的奖品。引导词在定语从句中作定语修饰covers，故关系词用whose。‎ ‎15．when句意：作为家里最小的孩子，艾历克斯一直期盼他能够独立。先行词为时间名词the time，定语从句中缺少状语，所以填关系副词when。‎ ‎16．that/which 句意：可能你有一个令你的家人发疯的习惯。habit后是一个定语从句，所填词引导该从句，且作主语，故用that或which。‎ ‎17．whose句意：国内市场利润下降的公司可以从国外市场上寻找机会。所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，故用whose。‎ ‎18．where句意：这本书在日常交流方面对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作中。work在此为表示地点的名词，其后是一个定语从句；要填的词引导从句并在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。‎ ‎19．when句意：我一直都在期待我的女儿能够读懂这本书并了解我对她的感情的那一天。要填的词引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的the day；从句缺少状语，故填when。‎ ‎20．which句意：上星期我从图书馆借阅了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》一书，它是我同学推荐给我的。逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，要填的词引导从句并在从句中作宾语，指事物，故填which。‎ ‎21．that/which句意：一个月内我们将要实现年初我们设定的销售目标。此处用that或which代替the sales targets 在定语从句中作set的宾语。‎ ‎22．that句意：请你把你手头的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，定语从句先行词为all the information，‎ 故填that。注：which引导的定语从句不修饰用all修饰的先行词。‎ ‎23．which句意：直到现在，我们已经为贫困的孩子筹集到了五万英镑，这真的出乎意料。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，指代上文提到的整件事情，故填which。‎ ‎24．where句意：应该让学生参与社团活动，在活动中他们能够获得成长所需要的经验。分析句子结构可知，从空格处一直到句尾为定语从句，修饰先行词activities，并且先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。‎ ‎25．that/which句意：安吉拉和她家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为the exact year，在从句中作spent的宾语，指物，故填that或which。‎ 定语从句在短文改错和短文语法填空中中的运用 ‎1．首先识别该句是否为定语从句，然后根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使用是否正确，并予以改正。‎ ‎2．确定句子的先行词，分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分，‎ 作主语、宾语、表语用关系代词which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用whose；作状语用关系副词when/where/why；作介词宾语用关系代词which/whom。根据引导词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断关系词的使用是否正确。‎ ‎3．判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句，从而判断句中关系词的使用是否正确。‎ 解答定语从句类问题，关键是找准先行词，分析句子结构确定从句所缺的成分。如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，引导词需要用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词等，从而最后确定答案。‎ ‎ (2015·重庆，14) He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.‎ ‎ (2014·江西，28) Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.‎ ‎ (2014·广东，24) The next day，my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball.‎ ‎【解析】which句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。分析句子结构可知，该题是非限制性定语从句，先行词是books，所以填which。‎ ‎【解析】which/that句意：水手要面临的众多危险之中可能最危险的就是大雾了。所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词dangers，并在从句中作宾语，故用which或that。‎ ‎【解析】where句意：第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是beach；从句缺少地点状语，故用where。‎ 语法知识回顾 一、定语从句 ‎(一)关系词的用法 引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。‎ 关系词 被修饰的先行词 关系词在从句中充当的成分 who 指人的词 主语、宾语 whom 指人的词 宾语 whose 指人或物的词 定语 that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语 ‎ The people who called yesterday want to buy the house.‎ ‎ The author(whom)you criticized has written a letter in reply.‎ ‎ Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor?‎ ‎ The person that you talked about just now is Mr Liu.‎ ‎ Football is a game which is liked by most boys.‎ Tom was late for work again this morning，which made the boss angry.‎ ‎ As is known to all，China is the biggest developing country in the world.‎ ‎ I still remember the day when(on which)I first came to this school.‎ ‎ This is the small village where(in which)he was born.‎ ‎ The reason why(for which)he refused the invitation is not clear.‎ 作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但在介词后作宾语的关系代词不可以省略；关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。‎ ‎(二) 关系代词that与which的用法区别 ‎ 只用that的情况 ‎(1) 当先行词既有人也有物时。‎ ‎ I can still remember the teacher and his lessons that give me a most lasting impression.‎ ‎(2) 先行词前有序数词，the only，the last，the very(恰恰，正好)，any，few，little，no，all或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。‎ ‎ The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.‎ This is the most interesting film that I have seen.‎ ‎(3) 当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。‎ ‎ Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?‎ ‎(4) 当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句，或有一个定语从句已经由which引导时。‎ ‎ Who is the man that is standing there?‎ They secretly built a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.‎ ‎ 只用which的情况 ‎(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用which(指人时用whom)。‎ ‎ This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago.‎ ‎(2) 在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用which。‎ ‎ The meeting was put off，which was actually what we wanted.‎ ‎(3) 当先行词本身就是that时。‎ ‎ What's that which flashed in the sky just now?‎ ‎(三)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：‎ ‎ 介词的确定 该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。‎ ‎ Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with...确定)‎ ‎ He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope)‎ ‎ 关系代词的使用 介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。‎ ‎ The factory in which he once worked is torn down.‎ The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.‎ Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering.‎ ‎ “不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”结构 ‎“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。‎ ‎ China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.‎ There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.‎ ‎ “名词＋of which”结构 ‎“名词＋of which”常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作定语。‎ ‎ I saw some trees，the leaves of which(＝whose leaves)were black with disease.‎ He mentioned a book，the title of which(＝whose title)I've forgotten.‎ ‎ “介词＋关系代词”结构的省略 当主从句主语一致时，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句可以省略成“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”结构。‎ ‎ I have a computer with which I can look for much information. → I have a computer with which to look for much information.‎ ‎(四) which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。‎ ‎ which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。‎ ‎ I failed again in the match，which was a great pity.‎ As we had expected，he opposed the plan.‎ ‎ which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。‎ ‎ He sold his bicycle，which surprised me.‎ As we know，smoking is harmful to our health.‎ ‎＝Smoking is harmful to our health，as we know.‎ 有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the same，as，such，so等词修饰。‎ ‎ which引导的此类定语从句，与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。‎ ‎ Jim is addicted to computer games，which upsets his parents very much.‎ ‎(五) 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 ‎(1) that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别 引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时that可省略，指物时大多可与which互换；引导同位语从句的that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导作用，且that不可省略。‎ ‎ The news(that)they told me made me excited.(定语从句)‎ ‎ The news that our team won made me excited.(同位语从句)‎ ‎(2) when，where，why引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别 when，where，why引导定语从句时，引导词在从句中充当状语，‎ 被修饰词必须是指时间、地点、原因的名词；而引导同位语从句时，引导词虽然也在从句中作状语，但是被修饰词通常是表示抽象意义的名词，如idea，question，problem等。‎ ‎ I have no idea where his birthday party will be held.(同位语从句)‎ ‎ He showed me the place where he found the wallet.(定语从句) ‎