2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（21页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计（21页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great scientists单元学案设计 话题词汇 ‎1．creative adj.富有创造力的 ‎2．determination n．决心 ‎3．humorous adj.幽默的 ‎4．independent adj.独立的 ‎5．profession n．职业 ‎6．qualification n．资格；学历 ‎7．be honored as被誉为……‎ ‎8．be active in积极从事于 ‎9．be admitted into a key university考上重点大学 ‎10．think highly/well of对……高度评价 话题佳作 请你结合下面要点提供的信息，给某英语晚报写一篇新闻报道，简单介绍研究油菜花的父子农民科学家。要点如下：‎ ‎1．沈克泉、沈昌健是湖南一对普通的农民父子；‎ ‎2．40年前，沈克泉立志培育出优质杂交油菜(hybrid rape)；‎ ‎3．父子二人靠自学、肉眼观察、记录和总结规律，经1 000多次实验后培育出优质品种；‎ ‎4．“油菜花父子”用实际行动证明农民也能变成科学家。‎ 佳作欣赏 Shen Kequan and his son Shen Changjian who used to be two common farmers in Hunan ‎ Province have become famous because they developed hybrid rape with good quality.40 years ago Shen Kequan made up his mind to cultivate a kind of good hybrid rape.To reach his goal，the farmer together with his son taught themselves agriculture knowledge，observed the rape with their eyes，kept records and drew conclusions themselves.Although they hadn’t got professional education，they used their way to find out how to solve the problems they met.Finally，they produced a kind of hybrid rape with excellent quality after more than 1,000 experiments.The father and his son’s achievement tells us that farmers can also become scientists.‎ 名师点睛 文章结构如下：(1)指出文章要介绍的人物及事件——农民父子(沈克泉、沈昌健)培育出优质杂交油菜。(2)围绕要点进行细节报道：①40年前立志要培育出优质油菜；②自学、观察、记录、总结；③1 000多次实验后终于成功。(3)总结性评价——农民也能成为科学家。文中出现了定语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、宾语从句等复杂句式和used to be，make up one’s mind，teach oneself，draw conclusions等高级词汇，增强了文章的说服力。‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎2．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的 ‎4．cure vt.治疗；治愈；n.治愈；痊愈；疗法 ‎5．challenge n．挑战；vt.向……挑战 challenging adj.挑战性的 ‎6．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 absorbed adj.专心致志的 ‎7．suspect vt.认为；怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎8．blame vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备 ‎9．pollute vt.污染；弄脏 polluted adj.被污染的 pollution n．污染 ‎10．announce vt.宣布；通告 announcement n．宣布；通告 ‎11．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 instruction n．命令；指示 ‎12．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 contribution n．贡献；捐助 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎13．characteristic n．特征；特性 ‎14．scientific adj.科学的 scientist n．科学家 ‎15．analyse vt.分析 ‎16．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败 ‎17．expert n．专家；行家；adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 ‎18．physician n．医生；内科医师 ‎19．enquiry n．询问 enquire vt.询问 ‎20．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ‎21．foresee vt.预见；预知 ‎22．handle n．柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵 ‎23．link vt.& n．连接；联系 ‎24．certainty n．确信；确实 ‎25．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的 responsibility n．责任 ‎26．construct vt.建设；修建 construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎27．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎28．spin vt.&vi.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎29．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 enthusiasm n．热情，热心 ‎30．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 cautiously adv.小心地 caution n．谨慎 ‎31．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃 ‎32．universe n．宇宙；世界 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．To return to the problem of water pollution(pollute)，I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江)‎ ‎2．Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions(conclude)．(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎3．Group exercise is challenging(challenge)，yet fun and empowering！(2015·福建)‎ ‎4．Individuals can reduce their contribution(contribute) by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎5．It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管) of a fitness instructor.(instruct) (2015·福建)‎ ‎6．It is a truth finally and universally(universe) acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．put forward提出 ‎2．draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎3．expose...to使显露；暴露 ‎4．be to blame for该为……受责备；应为……承担责任 ‎5．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎6．make contributions to对……作出贡献 ‎7．apart from除……之外；此外 ‎8．(be) strict with...对……严格的 ‎9．lead to导致 ‎10．make sense讲得通；有意义 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ Madame Curie and Pierre Curie were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter，which 1.led to(导致) the discovery of radium and polonium.Meanwhile，they 2.put forward(提出) some new theories about radioactivity.In 1903，they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.Madame Curie 3.made great contributions to(对……作出巨大贡献) the development of science，but money and reputation 4.made no sense(没意义) to her.She died of leukemia because she 5.was exposed to(暴露于)radioactive substance.‎ ‎1．neither...nor...‎ Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ 仿写　我们和动物一样离不开水，农业和工业也离不开水。‎ We，as well as animals，cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it.‎ ‎2．every time引导时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。‎ 仿写　每当他结束一天(工作)到家时，我们都在门口迎接他。(2016·浙江)‎ Every time he arrived home at the end of the day，we’d greet him at the door.‎ ‎3．suggest后跟从句用虚拟语气 To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.‎ 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ 仿写　一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ Some classmates suggest we (should) go to places of interest nearby. ‎ ‎ conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止 ‎(1)Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.‎ 研究者推断出当法国人感到吃饱的时候往往会不再吃了。(2014·陕西)‎ ‎(2)What conclusions do you draw from the evidence you’ve heard? ‎ 从你听到的证据中你得出什么结论？‎ ‎(1)conclude sth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束 conclude sth.from...从……推断出……‎ ‎(2)conclusion n．结论；推论 arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion总之；最后 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying.‎ ‎(2)What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?‎ ‎(3)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)从以上讨论可以得出两个结论。‎ ‎①Two conclusions can be drawn from the above discussion.‎ ‎②There are two conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.‎ ‎ expose v．使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎(1)His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes ‎ being active at the wrong time of day.‎ 他的研究表明，当知更鸟晚上暴露在实验室里的光下时，会导致一些基因在一天中错误的时刻活跃。(2015·四川)‎ ‎(2)These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.‎ 这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。‎ expose sth./sb./oneself to...使某物/某人/自己暴露于……‎ be exposed to暴露于；经受……‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.‎ ‎(2)Being exposed(expose) to advertisements is annoying，but it can be pleasant sometimes.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.‎ ‎①Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用动名词短语作主语改写)‎ ‎②If exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin harmed.(用if省略句改写)‎ ‎(4)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)‎ Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill.‎ ‎ absorb v．吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；使并入，吞并 ‎(1)When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.‎ 当秃鹰吃了其他含铅动物的尸体时，它们吸收了很多铅。(2016·北京)‎ ‎(2)Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.‎ 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。‎ absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意 absorb...from...从……中吸收……‎ be absorbed in全神贯注于 be absorbed by/into被……吞并(吸引) 表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one’s attention on，devote...to，concentrate one’s mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)When deeply absorbed(absorb) in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.‎ ‎(2)Most little shops have been absorbed into/by big businesses.‎ ‎(3)After absorbing(absorb) enough water，the plants grow well.‎ ‎(4)Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.(2015·天津)‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(5)He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.(用形容词短语作状语改写)‎ Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep. ‎ ‎ blame v．把……归咎于，责怪，指责；‎ n．过失；责任；责备，指责 ‎(1)If you fail the exam，you’ll only have yourself to blame.‎ 你若考试不及格，只能怪自己。(牛津词典)‎ ‎(2)Everybody knows that he is to blame for this.‎ 人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。‎ blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上 　blame，charge，accuse ‎(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人；blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。‎ ‎(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。‎ ‎(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。‎ 基础知识训练——[用blame，charge，accuse的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(1)She was said to have been charged with drunk driving.‎ ‎(2)I was told that he was accused of murder.‎ ‎(3)It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)他把考试失败归咎于老师。‎ ‎①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame...on)‎ ‎②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam.(blame...for)‎ ‎③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame n．)‎ ‎ contribute v．捐献；捐助；是……的原因之一；贡献；投稿 ‎(1)We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.‎ 我们并不是说每个人都要把一生用来帮助穷人。(2016·四川)‎ ‎(2)Would you like to make contributions/a contribution to the hospital building fund?‎ 你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？‎ ‎(1)contribute...to...把……贡献给……‎ contribute to有助于；导致；把(时间)投入到……；捐款；投稿 ‎(2)make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献；捐款 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.‎ ‎(2)I suggest that you develop the daily habit of acknowledging others and praising them for any contribution(contribute) that they make to your life.‎ ‎(3)Her family have contributed 50,000 to the fund.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(4)Various factors contributed to his downfall.‎ Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused/brought about his downfall.‎ ‎ apart/aside from除……之外；此外 ‎(1) Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach，the forest was silent.‎ 除了偶尔来自大象胃里的噪音外，森林里寂静无声。(2014·重庆)‎ ‎(2)Aside from a severe fright，Mr.White was uninjured.‎ 除了(受到了)严重惊吓之外，怀特先生并没有受伤。‎ 表示“除……之外”的短语还有：‎ ‎(1)besides＝in addition to除……之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。‎ ‎(2)except除……外(都)……，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用。‎ ‎(3)except for除……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。‎ apart/aside from 作“除……之外”，既等于but，except，也可和besides。‎ 基础知识训练——[用besides，except，except for，apart from填空]‎ ‎(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom.‎ ‎(2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.‎ ‎(3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(4)No one apart from her husband knew about her job.‎ No one but/except her husband knew about her job.‎ ‎(5)Apart from French，he also has to study Japanese.‎ In addition to/Besides French，he also has to study Japanese.‎ ‎ make sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎(1)It just doesn’t make sense—why would she do a thing like that? ‎ 这真是无法解释——她为什么会做出这样的事情？(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any sense of them at all.‎ 这篇文章有那么多生词，我根本不理解它们的意义。‎ make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解,‎ make no sense没道理；没意义 in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in no sense决不(位于句首时，句子要倒装) There’s no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ ‎(2)There is no sense in forcing(force) yourself to get what you don’t want.‎ ‎(3)It is necessary to explain your theory at length，otherwise the audience won’t make sense of what you are trying to get across.‎ ‎(4)What you say is true in a sense.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(5)I in no sense agree with this suggestion.(改为倒装句)‎ In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.‎ ‎ attend v．出席，参加；照料，护理；处理，对付 ‎[写出下列句子中attend to的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)Attend to your work and stop talking.专心 ‎(2)The nurses were attending to the injured man.照顾，护理 ‎(3)He took a short leave of absence to attend to personal business.处理 ‎(4)Mind you，face forward and attend to the teacher！倾听 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(5)—Would you like to join us in the game?‎ ‎—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend(attend) to.‎ ‎(6)You must attend to your work.‎ ‎(7)You have missed several attendances(attend) this term.‎ 在attend school/class/church短语中，名词school/class/church前不带冠词。‎ ‎ put forward提议，提出；拿出；推荐；将……提前；拨快(钟表) 基础知识训练——[写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)Put your watch forward；it’s five minutes slow.拨快 ‎(2)I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I’ll put him forward as a candidate.推荐 ‎(3)They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前 ‎(4)Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.提出 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)我们的英语老师提出了学英语的一些好的建议。‎ ‎①Our English teacher put forward some good suggestions on English learning.‎ ‎②Our English teacher came up with some good suggestions on English learning.‎ ‎③Our English teacher raised some good suggestions on English learning.‎ put forward提议，提出，相当于come up with，raise。‎ ‎ Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.,人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ 句型：neither...nor...‎ ‎(1)In autumn，it’s neither too hot nor too cold.‎ 在秋天，气温既不太热也不太冷。(2014·天津)‎ ‎(2)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 或者你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……，在句中连接两个相同的成分。当连接两个名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。‎ ‎(2)有类似用法的还有：either...or...或者……或者……，not...but...不是……而是……，not only...but also...不但……而且……等。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Neither I nor Jane and Mary are(be) tired of having one examination after another.We really don’t want to go to school.‎ ‎(2)Not his words but the expression in his eyes hurts(hurt) my feelings.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(3)Henry won’t see a film tonight.His girlfriend Helen won’t，either.‎ Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.‎ ‎(4)The nurses are very kind to the patients; the doctor is very kind to the patients，too.‎ Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. ‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 John Snow，a wellknown doctor in London，became 1.inspired(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2.were exposed(expose) to cholera，a 3.deadly(dead) disease of his day.Thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4.because no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve 5.the problem.‎ He got interested in two theories 6.explaining(explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory that suggested that people 7.absorbed(absorb) the disease with their meals.In 1854,8.when another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two theories.9.With the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.to blame(blame)．‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 There was time when the powerful Christian Church believed God had made the world.It was because that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system.Copernicus had thought long and hardly about it and tried to find an answer.But，all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion what the earth was not the centre of the solar system.When he placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system，the movement of the other planets made the sense.The Christian Church rejects his theory.But her theory is now the basis on that all our ideas of the universe are built.‎ 答案 There was time when the powerful Christian Church believed God had made the world.It was because that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system.Copernicus had thought long and about it and tried to find an answer.，all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion the earth was not the centre of the solar system.When he placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system，the of the other planets made the sense.The Christian Church his theory.But theory is now the basis on all our ideas of the universe are built.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于医学)‎ ‎1．布莱克因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。‎ ‎2．专家用一切办法企图治愈他。‎ ‎3．最后他们宣布病毒被打败了。‎ ‎4．但是在完全康复之前他还需要被护理一段时间。‎ ‎5．人们说这种病毒该受责备。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用现在分词短语作状语，宾语从句等。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Being exposed to a deadly virus，Black was severely ill.Experts used all the ways to cure him.Finally they announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.People said that the virus was to blame. ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him of his reading problem.(2015·天津)‎ ‎2．No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used(use) a little rock ‘n’ roll.(2015·四川)‎ ‎3．Little Tom sat amazed(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(2015·四川)‎ ‎4．Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city’s next step was to clean the polluted(pollute) river.(2015·湖南)‎ ‎5．In spite of the largescale construction(construct) of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎6．Also be cautious about expressing emotions.(2014·重庆)‎ ‎7．—What a mess! You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I’m not to blame(blame)，mum.I am what you have made me.(2014·江苏)‎ ‎8．I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement(announce) that cannot wait until the morning.‎ ‎9．The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely(severe) criticized，never appears in it.‎ ‎10．We suggested that he (should) make(make) an apology to his teacher.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·湖南桃江一中月考)‎ Now a group of scientists，including ones from CalTech，MIT and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration finally found the gravitational waves(引力波)．They announced they were able to see ripples(波纹) in the structure of spacetime.‎ What are these gravitational waves? Well，imagine throwing a rock into a pond.When the rock hits the flat surface of the water，it creates ripples.Spacetime is like the surface of the water.So gravitational waves are like the ripples moving out from where the rock hits the water.‎ It was Einstein who said these gravitational waves should be observable.But these are not huge waves.They are smaller than the size of an atom，which is why it took so long to find them.‎ Since 2002，scientists have been watching for these gravitational waves，using a giant scientific tool called LIGO.They have been watching two black holes in another galaxy(星系) faraway.The two were spinning around each other，moving closer and closer together.When they finally crashed into each other，gravitational waves were caused.With great power and force，they rang throughout the universe，like a giant bell.Those waves，traveling at the speed of light，finally reached the Earth，some 1.3 billion years later.The National Science Foundation said that each of the black holes was 29 to 36 times the mass of our sun.‎ This discovery means our understanding of the heavens has changed greatly.‎ ‎11．The author explains the gravitational waves by .‎ A．presenting recent research findings B．drawing a vivid picture C．comparing them to something familiar D．using proper examples 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句“Spacetime is like the surface of the water.So gravitational waves are like the ripples moving out from where the rock hits the water.”可知，作者通过和相似东西对比来解释重力波。故选C。‎ ‎12．According to the author，finding the gravitational waves means .‎ A．there is a better way to deal with physics problems B．we have a better understanding of the universe C．we have reached a new level in earth studies D．there exists another galaxy in the universe 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“This discovery means our understanding of the heavens has changed greatly.”可知，发现重力波意味着我们对宇宙有更好的理解。故选B。‎ ‎13．What does the word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The black holes.‎ B．The gravitational waves.‎ C．The scientific tools.‎ D．The galaxies.‎ 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前两句“They have been watching two black holes in another galaxy(星系) faraway.The two were spinning around each other，moving closer and closer together.”可知，they指的是“黑洞”。故选A。‎ ‎14．This passage mainly talks about .‎ A．a new theory of gravitational waves opposite to Einstein’s B．a description of the scientific research on black holes C．the relationship between black holes and gravitational waves D．the discovery of gravitational waves Einstein believed observable 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Now a group of scientists，including ones from CalTech，MIT and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration finally found the gravitational waves(引力波)．”及第三段第一句“It was Einstein who said these gravitational waves should be observable.”可知，文章介绍发现爱因斯坦相信可以观察到的重力波。故选D。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 ‎(2017·河北武邑中学调研)‎ How to Become an Effective Leader The key to becoming an effective leader is not to focus on making other people follow，but on making yourself the kind of person they want to follow. 15 It takes time to become a trustworthy leader.‎ As you prepare yourself to become a better leader，use the following guidelines to help you grow：‎ ‎·Don’t be selfcentered.‎ The truly great leaders are not in leadership for personal gain. 16 Perhaps that is why Lawrence Bell remarked，“A man who cannot bother to do little things for others are unlikely to become a good leader.”‎ ‎· 17 ‎ Rare is the effective leader who didn’t learn to become a good follower first.That is why a leadership institution such as the United States Military Academy teaches its officers to become effective followers first.‎ ‎·Work with excellence.‎ No one respects and follows mediocrity(平庸)．Leaders who earn the right to lead give their all to what they do.They bring into play not only their skills and talents，but also great passion and hard work. 18 ‎ ‎·Give your power away.‎ What makes leadership so special is that you become a better leader by sharing whatever power you have，not by saving it all for yourself. 19 If you use your power to empower others，your leadership will extend far beyond your grasp.‎ A．Become a good follower first.‎ B．You are meant to be a river，not a pool.‎ C．They lead in order to serve other people.‎ D．Leaders help people to reach their potential.‎ E．Leadership isn’t learned or earned in a moment.‎ F．Leadership is influence，nothing more，nothing less.‎ G．They perform on the highest level of which they are capable.‎ ‎15．答案　E 解析　后句“It takes time to become a trustworthy leader.”提到成为一个值得信赖的领导人需要时间，故E项“领导能力不是须臾之间习得或得到的”符合语境。 ‎ ‎16．答案　C 解析　前句“The truly great leaders are not in leadership for personal gain.”提到真正的领导人不是为了个人所得。故后句应是“领导人应该是为他人服务的”。故C符合语境。‎ ‎17．答案　A 解析　A选项与本段中的“become a good follower first”相符合。故A符合要求。‎ ‎18．答案　G 解析　前句提到领导者应该尽自己的最大努力，与G选项中的“perform on the highest level”相符。故G符合语境。‎ ‎19．答案　B 解析　上句提到要与别人分享你的权利。故B项“你应做一条流淌的河，而不是一潭死水”符合语境。‎ Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎(2016·重庆南开中学月考)‎ Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago.My nextdoor neighbor and fellow 20 ，Christie，and I were out in our front yards，watching seven children of about age 6 ride their 21 up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children 22 alone，” said Christie.‎ Then we 23 a plan：When Christie takes one of her children out，I’ll 24 her other three.And when she takes care of two of mine，I’ll take 25 out.‎ The children were extremely quick to 26 the idea of “Mommy and Me”‎ ‎ time.Christie’s daughter，McKenzie，went first.When she returned，the other children showered her with tons of 27 .McKenzie was smiling 28 .Christie looked refreshed and happy.“She’s like a 29 child when there’s no one else around，” Christie shared with me quickly.Because her mother was all to herself，McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain 30 .‎ Just as Christie had noticed changes 31 McKenzie，I also discovered something different in each of my children during our 32 times.For example，I am always 33 when my daughter，who is 34 close to me，holds my hand frequently.My stuttering(口吃的) son，Tom，doesn’t stutter once during our 35 since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.And the other son，Sam，who’s always a 36 when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.‎ The “Mommy and Me” time 37 us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking，sharing，and laughing，which has been the biggest 38 .Every child 39 to be an only child at least once in a while.‎ 语篇解读　本文叙述了我和Christie进行的the “Mommy and Me” 活动以及这项活动给每个孩子带来的改变。‎ ‎20．A.worker B．sister C．father D．mother 答案　D 解析　worker工人；sister姐妹；father父亲；mother母亲。我隔壁邻居孩子的妈妈和我一块在院子里，看七个孩子骑车，根据语境可知是妈妈，故选D项。‎ ‎21．A.horses B．bikes C．cars D．toys 答案　B 解析　horse马；bike自行车；car车；toy玩具。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎22．A.off B．over C out D．in 答案　C 解析　Christie说，我多么希望我能单独带着其中一个孩子外出呀！take sb.out带某人出去，故选C项。‎ ‎23．A.worked out B．threw away C．gave up D．looked into 答案　A 解析　work out制订出；throw away 扔掉；give up放弃；look into调查。然后我们制定一个计划。根据语境可知选A项。‎ ‎24．A.see B．watch C．witness D．control 答案　B 解析　see看到；watch 看；witness目击；control控制。当Christie带走其中的一个孩子时，我照看她的其他三个孩子。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎25．A.nobody B．everybody C．someone D．none 答案　C 解析　nobody没有人；everybody 每个人；someone 某个人；none没有人。当她照顾我的两个时，我带其中一个人出去。根据语境可知选C项。‎ ‎26．A.accept B．receive C．refuse D．feel 答案　A 解析　accept 接受；receive收到；refuse拒绝；feel感觉。孩子们很快接受了这个单独与妈妈相处的想法。根据下文语境可知选A项。‎ ‎27．A.emotions B．candies C．faces D．questions 答案　D 解析　emotion情绪；candy糖果；face脸；question问题。当她回来时，其他的孩子问了她许多的问题。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎28．A.forcedly B．luckily C．broadly D．strongly 答案　C 解析　句意为：McKenzie开心地笑了。forcedly强迫地；luckily 幸运地；strongly强壮地。‎ ‎29．A.normal B．different C．similar D．brave 答案　B 解析　normal 正常的；different不同的；similar 相似的；brave勇敢的。Christie与作者分享McKenzie和她单独出去后回来发生的变化，即当没有人时，McKenzie像变了一个人。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎30．A.awards B．attention C．results D．appointment 答案　B 解析 ‎　award奖赏；attention注意；result结果；appointment约会。她不用尽力地去赢得注意。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎31．A.in B．on C．over D．off 答案　A 解析　当Christie注意到女儿的变化时，我也发现独处期间自己孩子的变化。changes in McKenzie表示“McKenzie的变化”故选A项。‎ ‎32．A.lonely B．hard C．alone D．old 答案　C 解析　lonely 孤独的；hard困难的；alone单独的；old老的。根据语境可知选C项。‎ ‎33．A.tired B．embarrassed C．disappointed D．surprised 答案　D 解析　tired疲倦的；embarrassed尴尬的；disappointed失望的；surprised吃惊的。比如，很少与我亲密的女儿不断地来握住我的手，我感到很吃惊。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎34．A.seldom B．always C．nearly D．constantly 答案　A 解析　参考上题解析。‎ ‎35．A.ceremonies B．meetings C．activities D．challenges 答案　C 解析　ceremony仪式；meeting会议；activity活动；challenge挑战。我那口吃的儿子在我们活动期间也不再口吃。根据“...he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.”知选C项。‎ ‎36．A.liar B．lecturer C．defender D．follower 答案　D 解析　liar说谎者；lecturer主讲人；defender防御者；follower追随者。另外一个儿子总做跟随者，在活动中也成了优秀的领导者。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎37．A.forbids B．leads C．educates D．allows 答案　D 解析　forbid强迫；lead导致；educate教育；allow允许。与孩子独处的时间允许我们单独与孩子相处，说话，分享和欢笑，这是最大的收获。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，故选D项。‎ ‎38．A.gain B．disadvantage C．suffering D．practice 答案　A 解析　gain 得到，收获；disadvantage 不利条件；suffering痛苦； practice练习。句意见上题，故选A项。‎ ‎39．A.fails B．deserves C．plans D．promises 答案　B 解析　deserve to be值得成为，符合语境。fail失败；plan计划；promise承诺。故选B项。‎