高二英语外研版必修5教师用书：Module 4 Section Ⅲ　Grammar 复习被动语态

高二英语外研版必修5教师用书：Module 4 Section Ⅲ　Grammar 复习被动语态

www.ks5u.com 复习被动语态 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 ‎1.Today，carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.‎ ‎2.If they broke the laws，they were put into prison for up to two years.‎ ‎3.The party will be held in five days.‎ ‎4.Two hundred trees have been planted since the man came here.‎ ‎1.句1用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为“am/is/are＋过去分词”。‎ ‎2.句2用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were＋过去分词”。‎ ‎3.句3用了一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为“will/shall＋be＋过去分词”。‎ ‎4.句4用了现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为“have/has＋been＋过去分词”。‎ 一、被动语态的基本时态变化 ‎1．各种时态被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。‎ 时态 动词的被动形式 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are done English is taught in most schools.‎ 一般过去时 was/were done The letter was typed on the computer.‎ 一般将来时 shall/will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.‎ 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The bridge is being built.‎ 过去进行时 was/were being done At that time the desk was being repaired.‎ 现在完成时 have/has been done The house has been built.‎ 过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished.‎ 过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.‎ ‎2.被动语态的特殊形式 ‎(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词 Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.‎ 必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。‎ ‎(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态 ‎ 在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。‎ Some glasses got broken when we were moving.‎ 我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。‎ ‎[即时训练1]　完成句子 ‎①We are not allowed(不允许) to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.‎ ‎②The book has been published(已经出版) and you can buy one in the local book store.‎ ‎③Tom always had the feeling that they were being watched(正在被监视)．‎ ‎④Measures must be taken(一定要采取) to prevent the water from being polluted.‎ ‎⑤The hall is being built(正在建造)．I wonder whether it will be finished(将完成) at the end of the year.‎ 二、主动形式表示被动意义 ‎1．当look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系动词时。‎ The soup smells good but tastes terrible.‎ 这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。‎ The theory proved to be correct.‎ 这个理论证明是正确的。‎ ‎2．表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。‎ This kind of book sells well.这种书很畅销。‎ The shirt washes well.这衬衫很好洗。‎ ‎3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。‎ The shop closes at 6 p．m.every day.‎ 商店每天下午6点关门。 ‎ ‎[即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ‎①Your reason sounds(sound) reasonable.‎ ‎②My pen writes(write) quite smoothly.‎ ‎③We must get there before the lecture begins(begin)．‎ 三、使用被动语态应注意的问题 ‎1．不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗尽)等。‎ My money has run out.Can you lend me some?‎ 我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？‎ ‎2．在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，须带to。‎ I often hear her sing English songs.‎ ‎→She is often heard to sing English songs by me.‎ 我经常听见她唱英语歌。‎ ‎3．带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。‎ She often looks after the old man.‎ ‎→The old man is often looked after by her.‎ 她经常照顾这位老人。‎ ‎4．含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。‎ Her mother bought her a computer.‎ ‎→She was bought a computer by her mother.‎ ‎→A computer was bought for her by her mother.‎ 她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。‎ ‎[即时训练3]　单句改错 ‎①A traffic accident was happened near our school last night.去掉was ‎②Great changes have been taken place in China in the past five years.去掉been ‎③A tall man was seen go into the room just now.go前加to Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Tai Chi is called (call) “shadow boxing” in English.‎ ‎2．Her mother was excited.“Your father has at least decided to stop smoking，” Jane was informed (inform)．‎ ‎3．The machine is equipped (equip) with securing cameras and alarms.‎ ‎4．For thousands of years，the festival has been marked (mark) by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan.‎ ‎5．Now college graduates are encouraged (encourage) to start their own business，which sounds really good for us.‎ ‎6．He goes to a Buddhist monk for advice and expects to be told (tell) how to live a more simple life.‎ ‎7．A lot of attention is being paid (pay) to greenhouse gas emission.Look at those posters for environmental protection.‎ ‎8．An English talk about how to learn English well will be given (give) this Saturday. Would you like to listen to it?‎ ‎9．I have bought two ball pens，but neither of them writes (write) well.‎ ‎10．Be careful not to get burnt (burn) by the sun.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1．The meeting was lasted for nearly four hours and many people felt sleepy.去掉was ‎2．Stop making noise.The news is broadcast at the moment.broadcast前加being ‎3．Paul doesn't have to be made study.He always works hard.study前加to ‎4．The birthday cake was tasted delicious and she ate another piece.去掉was ‎5．It was the third time he had interrupted by the knocks at the door.interrupted前加been ‎6．He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauding by the audience.applauding→applauded ‎7．The dishes tasting so delicious cooked by my father.cooked前加were ‎8．Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.drank→drunk ‎9．Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.using→used ‎10．Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.去掉been