【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题冲刺训练10篇（二）（含有解析）学案（11页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题冲刺训练10篇（二）（含有解析）学案（11页）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题冲刺训练10篇（二）‎ ‎【一】‎ I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how __1__ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes __2__ (fix) on me.I had no choice but to prepare for it, though.First of all, I was to draft the speech, which __3__ (be) just a piece of cake for me, a good writer.But the hardest part __4__ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory — for to read from the paper was not allowed.The real moment began __5__ I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank.But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.Gradually I found myself back, __6__ (deliver) my speech with difficulty.After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding — I made __7__！ From then on, my fear of talking before a big audience disappeared.Actually with my__8__ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker.Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way __9__ success is our fear.Overcome it __10__we will be able to achieve our goals.‎ ‎1．terribly　修饰形容词应用副词，故填terribly。‎ ‎2．fixed　fix和eyes之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词fixed作宾补。‎ ‎3．was　which指代to draft the speech，表示单数概念，且此处叙述的是过去的事情，故谓语动词用was。‎ ‎4．lay　此处是在叙述过去的事实情况，故用一般过去时，主语与lie之间为主谓关系，故此处应用lie(存在，在于)的一般过去式，即lay。‎ ‎5．when　when引导时间状语从句，在从句中作时间状语，与“The real moment”相呼应。‎ ‎6．delivering　deliver和句子主语I之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词的一般主动式作伴随状语。‎ ‎7．it　make it意为“获得成功，做到”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎8．confidence　由形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应用名词形式，即confidence。‎ ‎9．to　on one’s way to ...意为“在去……的路上”，为固定搭配，故用介词to。‎ ‎10．and　空格所在句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，故填连词and。‎ ‎【二】‎ On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her.She was told six teachers __1__ (quit) before her.When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet __2__ rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage __3__ (leave) everywhere.‎ Sally walked onto the platform, __4__ (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！” All students stopped __5__ (look) at her.And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 ...In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them __6__ the wall of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.‎ ‎__7__ (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; __8__， she won respect from the students.Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class.At the graduation ceremony, just __9__ she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and __10__ (confident)．‎ ‎1．had quit　根据语境，quit的动作发生在was told之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had quit。‎ ‎2．the　the rest of为固定短语，意为“其余的”。故填the。‎ ‎3．left　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，逻辑主语为paper, food packages and other garbage，与动词leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填left。‎ ‎4．picked　分析句子结构可知，设空处与walked和wrote为并列的谓语动词，因此，应用一般过去时，故填picked。‎ ‎5．to look　此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她，stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to look。‎ ‎6．on/onto　post ...on/onto ...意为“把……张贴在……上”，故填on或onto。‎ ‎7．Surprisingly　句意：令人惊讶的是，萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走，反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作评注性状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填Surprisingly。‎ ‎8．instead　句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，设空处表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。‎ ‎9．as　句意：在毕业典礼上，正如她所期待的那样，她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，根据句意可知，设空处表示“正如”。故填as。‎ ‎10．confidence　句意见上一题解析。设空处与care, manners并列作介词of的宾语，应用名词，故填confidence。‎ ‎【三】‎ I was not excited when I learned I was going to Germany.I had been hoping for France or England.Why Germany? The language is unpleasant and there aren’t any tourist __1__ (attract) like France’s Louvre or England’s Buckingham Palace.I begged my parents to reconsider, __2__ before I knew it, we were boarding our flight to Munich.‎ On arriving there, we found the houses and roads somehow looked oldfashioned.In January, the snowwhite scenery __3__ (be) breathtaking.Every morning we __4__ (serve) a satisfying breakfast buffet in German style.Almost every day we went to a ski resort and learned how to ski.It took us __5__ couple of days to get the hang of it.We visited Germany’s highest mountain peak, __6__ the weather was perfect above the clouds.‎ I found __7__ interesting that we had to pay for grocery bags.Because my mom and I didn’t know this (and we didn’t want to pay extra), we made two trips to carry groceries from the store to the car.I realized that I was being exposed __8__ a different culture where certain behavior that may be __9__ (accept) in America was not here.‎ Since the trip, I have studied German for years and learned more about the world culture.I began __10__ (appreciate) new things from a different perspective and with an open mind.‎ 语篇解读：一次不情愿的德国之旅让作者体会到文化风俗的差异，促使作者从不同的角度去了解世界文化，以一种开放的心态去欣赏新的事物。‎ ‎1．attractions　tourist attraction为固定搭配，意为“旅游景点”，该句中的谓语动词是aren’t，所以此处要用复数形式，故填attractions。‎ ‎2．but　根据上下文可知，设空处前后两个句子之间是转折关系，所以此处应填表示转折的并列连词，故填but。‎ ‎3．was　根据上一句中的found可知，作者描述的是过去发生的事情，所以应用一般过去时，故填was。‎ ‎4．were served　主语we和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系，而且是描述过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were served。‎ ‎5．a　a couple of ...为固定搭配，意为“几个……”，故填a。‎ ‎6．where　分析句子结构可知，该空应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是表示地点的名词mountain peak，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎7．it　find it＋adj./n.＋that ...为固定句型，it是形式宾语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语，故填it。‎ ‎8．to　be exposed to ...为固定搭配，意为“面临……；体验……；暴露于……”，故填to。‎ ‎9．acceptable/accepted　be动词后面多用形容词作表语，故填acceptable，意为“可接受的”。此处也可理解为“被接受”，故用被动语态，填accepted。‎ ‎10．to appreciate/appreciating　begin to do/doing sth.意为“开始做某事”，故填to appreciate或appreciating。‎ ‎【四】‎ Anyone who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely.This can be __1__ (especial) true of children.They may feel __2__ (leave) out.Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less alone.A small robot may help children who are recovering from longterm __3__ (ill)．The robot like human beings takes their place at school.And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.‎ Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends.He or she can also attend class from wherever they are recovering — whether at home __4__ from a hospital bed.Dolva, one of the scientists who __5__ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains __6__ the robot AV1 works.She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot.__7__ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robot’s movements.Inside the robot, there is a small computer linked __8__ a 4G ‎ network.The robot is __9__ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes communicating __10__ (easy)．So it’s the eyes and the ears and the voices at school.Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.‎ 语篇解读：病人由于长期患病在家，可能会感觉很孤独，对于孩子更是如此。本文介绍了一种机器人，可以帮助患病的孩子减少孤独感。‎ ‎1．especially　设空处修饰形容词true，要用副词，故填especially。‎ ‎2．left　feel作连系动词，leave out表示“遗漏；忽略”，与主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作表语。故填left。‎ ‎3．illness(es)　longterm为形容词，意为“长期的”，后应接名词。故填illness(es)。‎ ‎4．or　根据句中的whether可知应填or，whether ...or ...为固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”。‎ ‎5．are　句意：多尔瓦作为潜心研究机器人的科学家之一，解释了机器人AV1是如何工作的。本句中，who引导定语从句，先行词为scientists，故从句谓语动词应用复数形式；全文主体时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时。故填are。‎ ‎6．how　句意见上一题解析。设空处引导宾语从句，作explains的宾语，根据句意，句中缺少状语，表示“方式”，故用how引导该从句。‎ ‎7．Using　句中已有谓语can control，因此，设空处应用非谓语动词；use与其逻辑主语he or she之间为主动关系，且在句中作方式状语。故填Using。‎ ‎8．to/with　be linked to/with ...为固定搭配，意为“与……连接”。故填to/with。‎ ‎9．equipped　be equipped with ...为固定搭配，意为“装配有……”。故填equipped。‎ ‎10．easier　设空处在定语从句中作makes的宾语补足语，而且本句暗含比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。故填easier。‎ ‎【五】‎ I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed, but felt that since I’d always been __1__ good child, this was temporary.‎ ‎__2__ (fortunate), it was not to be so.I didn’t have friends.Hardly could I share my problems.Deep worry began to destroy my __3__ (confident)．Finally I refused to attend ‎ classes, __4__ (shut) myself in my room for hours.‎ The examination was approaching, but I simply didn’t care.My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance.One morning, __5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate, __6__ (depress)．Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me.The next fortyfive minutes was one __7__ the most precious moments in my life.She said she __8__ (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.At first she took my hands in __9__ (she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.Then she hugged me as I wept.Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.‎ No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, __10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.‎ ‎1．a　child是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。‎ ‎2．Unfortunately　不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。‎ ‎3．confidence　my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故填confidence。‎ ‎4．shutting　shut和句子主语I之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎5．after　根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在……之后”。‎ ‎6．depressed　由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作状语。‎ ‎7．of　此处表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”，故用of。‎ ‎8．had noticed　notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎9．hers　介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers, 表示她的手。‎ ‎10．who　who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the headmaster。‎ ‎【六】‎ How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers? It seems that __1__ (break) English annoys them.However, they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so.‎ I think it would depend __2__ the native English speakers.Some people are just __3__(easy) annoyed.‎ Personally, I study Spanish.When I hear someone __4__ (attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know __5__ difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult __6__ (learn), and that increases my respect for their efforts.I’m a patient person by nature.‎ The situation matters too.If I were waiting __7__ (table) on a super crowded day and really __8__ (need) to do about a dozen different things, I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.‎ There also exists the __9__ (possible) that what is considered as annoyance is not true annoyance.I might frown (皱眉) while listening to a nonnative speaker, __10__ that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him.It wouldn’t mean I’m at all annoyed.‎ ‎1．broken　修饰名词用形容词，故填动词break的形容词形式broken，意为“蹩脚的；不流利的”。‎ ‎2．on/upon　depend on/upon是固定搭配，意为“依赖；取决于”。故填on/upon。‎ ‎3．easily　设空处修饰动词，要用副词，故填easily。‎ ‎4．attempting　此处为“hear＋宾语＋宾补”结构，attempt与宾语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且此处指听到有人正在努力说英语，故用现在分词作宾补。故填attempting。‎ ‎5．how　此处为感叹句用作宾语从句，用于加强语气。设空处修饰形容词difficult，故填how。‎ ‎6．to learn　在“it is＋adj.＋to do ...”句型中，it是形式主语，动词不定式(短语)作真正的主语，故填to learn。‎ ‎7．tables　wait tables是固定短语，意为“招待顾客”。故填tables。‎ ‎8．needed　根据并列连词and可知，前后时态应该一致，故填过去式needed。‎ ‎9．possibility　定冠词the后接名词形式，且根据谓语动词exists可知，应填possibility。‎ ‎10．but/yet　句意：听非母语的讲话者说话时，我可能紧皱着眉头，但那是因为我在聚精会神地努力去听懂他。根据句意可知，前后文是转折关系。故填but/yet。‎ ‎【七】‎ The young artist and potter Allan had a wife and two fine sons.One night, his older son developed a severe stomachache.Neither Allan nor his wife took the condition very __1__ (serious), but the boy died suddenly that night.‎ Knowing the death could __2__ (avoid) if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt he was guilty.Worse still, his wife left him a short time later, __3__ (leave) him alone with his 6yearold younger son.Unable to stand the hurt and pain, he turned to alcohol and became __4__ alcoholic.‎ As the alcoholism __5__ (progress), Allan began to lose everything he possessed and finally died alone in a small bar.Hearing of his death, I thought, “__6__ a complete failure！”‎ As time went by, I began to revalue my __7__ (early) rough judgment.I knew Allan’s now adult son, Ernie, one of the kindest and most caring men I’ve ever known.I hadn’t heard him talk much about his father.One day，I worked up my courage to ask him what __8__ earth his father had done so that he became such a special person.Ernie said quietly, “As a child until I left home at 18, Allan came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ’love you, son’．”‎ Tears came to my eyes as I realized that I had been a fool to judge Allan __9__ a failure.He had not left any material __10__ (possess) behind.But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.‎ ‎1．seriously　take ...seriously为固定短语，意为“重视……；认真处理……”，此外还可通过分析结构来判断词性，took为动词，应用副词修饰，故填seriously。‎ ‎2．have been avoided　根据语境及“if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation”可知，本句为虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句可用could have done结构，又因为death与avoid之间为被动关系，故填have been avoided。‎ ‎3．leaving　句中已有谓语left，因此设空处应用非谓语动词；leave的逻辑主语为his ‎ wife，两者之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。‎ ‎4．an　alcoholic作名词讲有“酗酒者”之意，且以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎5．progressed　句意：随着酗酒行为的发展，艾伦失去了他所拥有的一切，最后独自一人死在了一个小酒馆里。根据句意及句子结构可知，as引导时间状语从句，又根据began可知，从句应用一般过去时，故填progressed。‎ ‎6．What　句末为感叹号，a complete failure为名词性短语，故填What。‎ ‎7．earlier　根据后文可知，通过艾伦小儿子的话，“我”改变了对艾伦的看法，因此不确切的评价应是“较早时候”作出的，故填earlier。‎ ‎8．on　on earth为固定短语，意为“究竟；到底”，此处表现出作者的好奇。‎ ‎9．as　as意为“当作”，通常出现在see/judge/regard sb.as ...等结构中。‎ ‎10．possessions　根据空前的material可知，设空处应用名词形式，表示“财产”，possession一般用复数形式，故填possessions。‎ ‎【八】‎ Scientists have discovered that __1__ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm.Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight.White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain.The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, __4__ (comfort) temperatures, our body’s need for brown fat has decreased.They found that: “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__ (expose) to cold temperature have a significant amount of brown fat when __6__ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.” The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice.__7__ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat.This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets.The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity.People who are obese have __8__ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people.Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and __9__ (prevent) of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”‎ ‎1．staying　空格处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，所以要用动名词形式，故填staying。‎ ‎2．which　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎3．in　result in为固定短语，意为“造成，导致”。‎ ‎4．comfortable　空格处同constant并列，修饰名词temperatures，故用形容词形式，因此填comfortable，意为“使人舒服的，感到舒服的”。‎ ‎5．are exposed　expose ...to ...为固定短语，意为“使……暴露于……”。当该结构中的宾语提前作主语时，要用被动形式be exposed to；此处be的形式应与前面的主语workers一致，且本文主体时态为一般现在时，故填are exposed。‎ ‎6．compared　此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，compare与其逻辑主语outdoor workers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。完整的从句为when they are compared to ...。‎ ‎7．One　根据语境可知，有一组老鼠被注射了促进褐色脂肪生长的蛋白质。此处表示“……其中之一”，故填One。‎ ‎8．lower　than是比较级的标志词，故填lower。‎ ‎9．prevention　空格处与treatment并列，且前有定冠词the限定，后有介词of，所以要用prevent的名词形式，故填prevention。‎ ‎10．possibly　空格处修饰动词lose，要用副词，故填possibly。‎ ‎【九】‎ At the last weekend of November, I drove to Fragrant Hills Park to see red leaves with my wife.Although the park announced it closed __1__ (it) yearly Red Leaf Festival early on November 13, it was still very crowded.It __2__ (report) that it received more than one million visitors during the Red Leaf Festival.‎ We were told four ways to the top of the mountain, each of __3__ took 60 minutes to complete.We chose one way to get to the top.__4__ (see) from the top, it looked very beautiful.__5__ colorful the mountain is! Some trees were all red and some were covered __6__ yellow.The yellow leaves were especially golden and __7__ (enjoy)．Then we visited Glazed Pagoda, SnowOntheWest Mountain and so on.I think they were all __8__ (well) worth visiting than many other attractions.‎ On the way, we met an old couple who came from America.They said that they had traveled in China for several __9__ (month) and China was very great and beautiful.When I heard what they said，I was feeling __10__ (pride) as a Chinese.‎ ‎1．its　设空处作定语，和yearly共同修饰Red Leaf Festival，因此，应用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎2．was reported　根据从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时；It与report之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填was reported。‎ ‎3．which　each of ________引导定语从句，先行词为ways，设空处作介词of的宾语，故用关系代词which。‎ ‎4．Seen　see的逻辑主语是句子的主语it，指代上文提到的the mountain，两者之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎5．How　由句末的“！”可知，这是一个感叹句，空格后为形容词colorful，所以用How引导。‎ ‎6．with　be covered with为固定搭配，意为“被……覆盖”。故填with。‎ ‎7．enjoyable　and表示并列，设空处与golden (金色的)共同作were的表语，因此，应用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。‎ ‎8．better　根据句中的标志词than可知，此处应用比较级，well的比较级为better。‎ ‎9．months　month为可数名词，其前有several修饰，因此，应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．proud　设空处作感官动词feel的表语，应用形容词形式。故填proud。‎ ‎【十】‎ Many of Van Gogh’s paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways.His painting Sunflowers, for example, __1__ (fill) with vivid yellows and browns.These colors give __2__ painting a feeling of warmth and wellbeing.However, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying.‎ The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved __3__ the feelings of sadness that were all around him.It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad, all at the same time.‎ Van Gogh’s most famous painting, The Starry Night, takes this __4__ (mix) of joy and sadness one step further.It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows __5__ represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he __6__ (paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.‎ This is why Van Gogh’s __7__ (image) in his painting look more imagined than real.The stars and moon in The Starry Night are __8__ (unusual) bright, __9__ (they) light swirling (旋动) above the darkening hills.A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night, __10__ (interrupt) its beauty.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了著名画家梵高的两幅画作以及它们的创作风格。‎ ‎1．is filled　此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语His painting为单数，Sunflowers是其同位语，为画作的名称，因此谓语动词用单数形式；且主语与fill之间为被动关系，因此应用被动语态。故填is filled。‎ ‎2．the　上文中提到了梵高的《向日葵》这幅画，此处再次提及，应用定冠词the修饰painting，表特指。‎ ‎3．with　combine ...with ...意为“把……和……结合起来”，为固定搭配。故填with。‎ ‎4．mixture　设空处作takes的宾语，应用名词。故填mixture。‎ ‎5．that/which　句意：它是一幅风景画，充满了代表着忧伤的深蓝色和阴影。这种忧伤是梵高在作画时所感觉到的，而不是他真正看到的。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，deep blues and shadows为先行词，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。‎ ‎6．was painting　句意见上一题解析。句中的as意为“当……的时候”，根据was feeling可知需用过去进行时，表示在过去某时某刻正在进行。‎ ‎7．images　句意：这是为什么梵高的绘画中的形象看起来更像是被想象出来的，而不是真的。image意为“意象；形象”，为可数名词，根据句意和常识可知，梵高的画作不止一幅，应用复数images。‎ ‎8．unusually　句意：画作《星夜》中的星星和月亮特别明亮，它们的光在昏暗的山上旋动着。设空处修饰形容词bright，应用副词形式。故填unusually。‎ ‎9．their　句意见上一题解析。根据句意，这里指星星和月亮的光，上文已经提及，故用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词。‎ ‎10．interrupting　句意：看起来像黑色火焰的一棵树穿过黑夜的景色，打断了它的美。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处interrupt的逻辑主语是A tree，两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词interrupting作状语，表示自然而然的结果。‎