【英语】2019年高考英语二轮牛津译林版真题技巧点拨学案：专题三阅读理解第四讲Word版含答案

【英语】2019年高考英语二轮牛津译林版真题技巧点拨学案：专题三阅读理解第四讲Word版含答案

第四讲 │ 词义猜测题 一、题型解读 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解题中一种常见的题型。通过对近几年江苏高考英语阅读理解题的分析统计可以看出，词义猜测题一般有1～2题。常见的考查方式有：‎ 词义猜测题 考点1‎ 猜测词义题 考点2‎ 猜测短语题 考点3‎ 猜测指代题 考点4‎ 猜测句意题 二、设问方式 词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义，常见的命题形式有：‎ ‎·The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.‎ ‎·Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?‎ ‎·The underlined word “hunch” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.‎ ‎·What does the phrase “knock off” in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ ‎·The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________”.‎ ‎·The word “it” in the last sentence refers to “________”.‎ 三、常见生词类型 在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：‎ ‎1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义，如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course，where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。‎ ‎2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；‎ ‎3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；‎ ‎4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景；‎ ‎5.超纲生词。 ‎ ‎[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读C)‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around.‎ ‎29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragr-aph 2 mean?‎ A.Tested. B.Separated.‎ C.Forced out. D.Tracked down.‎ 答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。]‎ ‎【技巧点拨】‎ 如何解决词义猜测题？‎ ‎1.根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，that is to say，in other words，namely，or rather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。‎ ‎2.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。‎ ‎3.通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。‎ ‎(1)不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；‎ ‎(2)不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。‎ ‎[典例]　(2017·江苏高考·阅读B)‎ Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule__the__roost.As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “________”.‎ A.be the worst B.be the best C.be just as bad D.be just as good 答案　B　[本段一开始提到婴儿在辨别母亲的声音方面能力非常强，然后用了一个转折连词“But”，说明其后的内容“鸟类在胎教方面”应该是做得最好。故选B。]‎ ‎【技巧点拨】‎ 如何解决猜测短语题？‎ 猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。‎ ‎[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C)‎ Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations，though，in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎29.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A.Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B.The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C.Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D.The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ 答案　C　[代词指代题。根据前文Despite the celebrations，though，in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that(是Jason Moran的工作帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。]‎ ‎【技巧点拨】‎ 如何解决猜测指代题？‎ 此类题目应注意代词指代的总原则——代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句中。只有好好把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思，问题才能迎刃而解。‎ ‎[典例]　(2017·江苏高考·阅读D)‎ When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：‎ ‎“There__is__no__‘one-size__fits__all’__adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.‎ ‎65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies________.‎ A.adaptation is an ever-changing process B.the cost of adaptation varies with time C.global warming affects adaptation forms D.adaptation to climate change is challenging 答案　A　[根据上文中的“We are therefore...but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.”可知，对于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分表示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。本题采取的是重述的方法。故选A。]‎ ‎【技巧点拨】‎ 如何解决猜测句意题？‎ 此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章，对原句进行语法和词义上的准确分析，并和答案选项做一番比较，不难找出正确选项。一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。‎ 题组一　应用文 A ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ Washington, D.C.Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ Duration：3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!‎ Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours (4 miles)‎ Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike, helmet，cookies and bottled water.‎ Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ Duration：3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.‎ Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration：3 hours (7 miles)‎ Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。‎ ‎1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?‎ A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.‎ B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.‎ C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.‎ D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。]‎ ‎2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?‎ A.Meet famous people.‎ B.Go to a national park.‎ C.Visit well-known museums.‎ D.Enjoy interesting stories.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides...memorials，and parks”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。]‎ ‎3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?‎ A.City maps. B.Cameras.‎ C.Meals. D.Safety lights.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据该段介绍的最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。]‎ B ‎(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)‎ The Chocolate Museum The story of chocolate through the ages ‎● Experience chocolate-making from cocoa bean to chocolate bar ‎● Enjoy the smell，taste and texture of freshly made chocolate Opening hours Tues—Fri　　　　　　　　　　　10 am to 6 pm Sat&Sun＋public holidays 11 am to 7 pm Closed on Mondays，Christmas Day and during Carnival week.‎ Entrance fees Adults $6.00‎ Concessions (over 65 years old) $3.00‎ Groups (of 15 people or more) $5.00‎ More than a museum！‎ The Panorama Restaurant can cater for all your corporate events: business lunches，anniversaries，weddings and parties.Groups of 30—300 people are welcome.‎ Welcome To Auckland Museum ‎“Nau mai haere mai”‎ ‎　　Auckland Museum has a constantly changing feast of fresh events and new exhibitions reflecting the culture of New Zealand.This year is no exception.‎ Click here to find out more >>‎ Latest news Be inspired by the da Vinci Machines exhibition and design and build your own original flying machine.The best entry will win the budding inventor a helicopter ride over Auckland for a family of four.‎ Avoid the traffic，enjoy hassle-free parking and view the exhibits in peace and quiet on Wednesday evenings! Open till 7：30 pm.‎ From 28 November until 4 March there will be no public access to the Reading Room.‎ Click here to find out more >>‎ Museum opening hours ‎10 am—5 pm daily (except Christmas Day)‎ ‎4.If 16 adults，including 3 aged 70，plan to visit the Chocolate Museum，how much should they pay at least?‎ A.$69. B.$78.‎ C.$80. D.$87.‎ 答案　B　[数字计算题。根据第一小篇Entrance fees中的信息可知，成年人$6/位，大于65岁的人优惠价$3/位，大于等于15人以上的团队$5/位，题中可知为16人团队且有3名大于65岁的人，则为满足15人团队的15名成员*团队价$5＋剩下的一名大于65岁者*优惠价$3＝78元。故选B。]‎ ‎5.According to the information of Auckland Museum，we know that ________.‎ A.it opens from 10 am to 5 pm every day B.it has a feast of fresh events except this year C.the winner will fly a helicopter as a reward D.the museum focuses on New Zealand’s culture 答案　D　[根据第二小篇，由最后一句括号中except Christmas Day排除A，由第一段最后一句This year is no exception排除B，由Latest news中段一第二行“a helicopter ride”与选项中“helicopter”冲突，一个是直升机旅行，一个是直升机，需要仔细理解，排除C。再看段一中the culture of New Zealand符合D选项，故选D。]‎ 题组二　记叙文 A ‎(2018·天津高考)When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked, “Do you have the address？” “No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”‎ ‎“Oh, stop.There it is！”‎ The museum was free.We entered, excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.‎ ‎“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，”I said.“We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are？” he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.” “What’s this place？” I asked, still confused.“Well, it’s our home.” My heart jolted (震颤).I raced to the staircase and called out, “Sally! Come down immediately！”‎ ‎“There’s some really good stuff (艺术作品 ) up there.”She stepped down, looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, “Sorry,‎ ‎ please forgive us, you have a really nice place.” Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.‎ The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh, Picasso.This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.‎ Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place.“Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？”‎ ‎“Yes.But how do you know? We never told anyone.”‎ ‎“That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.I’ve always wanted to thank you.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。作者17岁的时候和好友去博物馆，结果误闯民宅，30年后，这家的一位成员认出了作者并感谢作者让她意识到自己家的美。‎ ‎1.What do we know about Marian McNay?‎ A.She was a painter. ‎ B.She was a community leader.‎ C.She was a museum director.‎ D.She was a journalist.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。第一段说，McNay是水彩画家(watercolorist)，她要求社区在她死后把她曾经居住的地方改成博物馆，由此判断她是个画家。]‎ ‎2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?‎ A.She disliked people who were nosy.‎ B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.‎ C.She knew more about art than the man.‎ D.She mistook him for a tour guide.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据题干信息，我们把答案定位在第四段。作者和朋友来到这个博物馆，然后有人询问是否需要帮助的时候，作者说导游让她紧张，从这些信息判断，作者误以为这个人是导游，因此选D。]‎ ‎3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?‎ A.Puzzled. B.Concerned.‎ C.Frightened. D.Delighted.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据题干的“被大厅里的人盯着看”判断，本题答案在第四段。该段说，当作者发现大厅里的人似乎都喜欢窥探，都好奇地盯着自己的时候，心想，“他们这是怎么了”(What was their problem)。从这些信息推断选A，作者对此十分困惑。]‎ ‎4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?‎ A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.‎ B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.‎ C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.‎ D.The event happening in the house was more significant.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。第六段说作者和朋友来到真正的McNay博物馆，但是她们一直觉得紧张，害怕又出现先前那种不同寻常的事。由此推断，她们一直想着先前误闯他人的家的事，因此选D。]‎ ‎5.What could we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.‎ B.People should spend more time with their family.‎ C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.‎ D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。最后一段这个女士告诉作者，30年前自己还是一个十几岁的青少年，在作者误闯她家之前，自己从来不知道自己的家有多美丽，由此推断选C，“人们往往对自己身边的美丽事物视而不见”。]‎ B ‎(2018·山东德州高三一模)‎ The summer before my dad died，we moved house.Up until that point，our family had our own space to spread out.Money was tight，so there was no television set，but we owned a turntable on which my dad’s records played constantly.Mostly，it played Bob Dylan.Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life.My brother and I，aged 8 and 10，climbed trees，built hideaways and learned ‎ the words of Clothes Line Saga.We would chant over and over，lost in our own joy.‎ It was January when my dad left us forever because of the cancer.He was 36 going on 37 then，the same age as Dylan.Afterwards，our laughter disappeared，but we kept on playing the records，which became our only ritual of remembrance.The two men became so intertwined in my head，I struggled to tell them apart.‎ Dylan was my dad’s gift to me.What child wouldn’t be fascinated by songs full of pirates and seasick sailors? How did it feel to have No direction home? Farewell，Angelina became my party-piece.I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience.A lot of donations were made.‎ Growing up，I remained a fan of the music，but I wasn’t obsessed with Dylan until one day in early 1995，my brother bought us both tickets to see him play at Brixton Academy.London felt like a long way to go.But finally seeing Dylan step out on to the stage brought a sudden rush of excitement.‎ I have seen Dylan a couple of times since.My brother is not around so much these days.But he was up for a visit recently.We passed a happy evening laughing an drinking，while his son，aged nine，performed his party-piece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.He sang it word-perfect.And so it goes on：Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　作者讲述了对Bob Dylan的喜欢和热爱，及Bob Dylan对自己家三代人的影响。‎ ‎6.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?‎ A.To praise his late father.‎ B.To tell about his family history.‎ C.To express his longing for family reunion.‎ D.To show his love for Bob Dylan.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文中Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became...was my dad’s gift to me.和Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations等信息讲述了作者从小到大一直以来对Bob Dylan的喜欢和热爱，故选D。]‎ ‎7.The underlined word “ritual”in the second paragraph means “________”.‎ A.passion B.ceremony C.memory D.belief 答案　B　[猜测词义题。此处指父亲去世后我们的笑声消失了，但我们继续播放Bob Dylan的唱片，这成了我们唯一的记忆仪式。“ritual”指仪式，与ceremony同义，A项为“激情，热情”；C项为“记忆”；D项为“信任，信仰”。故选B。]‎ ‎8.How did the author raise money in his childhood?‎ A.By singing a Dylan’s song at church gatherings.‎ B.By providing cheese and wines to church prayers.‎ C.By playing a private in church performances.‎ D.By accepting donations from the church.‎ 答案　A　[细节推理题。根据第三段I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience.A lot of donations were made.可知作者在童年的时候通过在教堂聚会上唱迪伦的歌来筹钱，故选A。]‎ ‎9.The recent visit of the author’s brother indicates that ________.‎ A.his nephew was ever invited to play in Dylan’s concert B.his brother has never seen a live performance of Dylan C.Dylan’s music has influenced three generations of his family D.Subterranean Homesick Blues is always his favorite song 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段But he was up for a visit...Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.和Dylan’s music as a gift，passed down the generations.描述哥哥带着儿子拜访Bob Dylan及儿子演唱他的歌表明Bob Dylan对作者一家三代人的影响。故选C。]‎ 题组三　 说明文 A ‎(2018·北京高考)‎ Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world.Well, the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for ‎ companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.Cali-fornia, it should be noted，isn’t leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.‎ While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.‎ Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.‎ A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.‎ Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文讨论了有关无人驾驶汽车的问题。‎ ‎1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ________.‎ A.help deal with transportation-related problems B.provide better services to customers C.cause damage to our environment D.make some people lose jobs 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While much of the debate...mobility options”以及第三段中的“Do we want to copy...with driverless cars”可知，应该注意伴随无人驾驶汽车出现的问题。故选A。]‎ ‎2.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?‎ A.Safety. B.Side effects.‎ C.Affordability. D.Management.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But however long it takes...how the transformation is regulated”可知，作者最关心自动驾驶的监管问题。故选D。]‎ ‎3.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A.Employed. B.Replaced.‎ C.Shared. D.Reduced.‎ 答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，此处表示“考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本和责任与维护问题，叫车服务(公司)将运用第一批可使用的商业无人驾驶汽车”，fielded这里引申为“使用，应用”之意，故选A。]‎ ‎4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?‎ A.Doubtful. B.Positive.‎ C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.‎ 答案　B　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Well，the future is apparently now”，第二段中的“The arrival of...and more shared”以及最后一段中的“The coming technological advancement...plan for it”可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极正面的态度。故选B。]‎ B ‎(2018·南京市高三三模)‎ Humanity has begun wrestling with the dangers of global threats such as climate change.But few authorities are planning for catastrophic solar storms—huge eruptions of mass and energy from the sun that destroy Earth’s magnetic field.In a recent paper，two Harvard University scientists estimate the potential economic damage from such an event will increase in the future and could equal the current U.S.GDP-about $20 trillion-150 years from now.‎ This kind of storm has happened before.The so-called Carrington Event in 1859，the most intense magnetic storm ever recorded on Earth，caused auroras (极光)in the atmosphere and even delivered electric shocks to telegraph operators.But a Carrington-scale storm today would cause far more harm because society now depends so heavily on electrical power grids，communications satellites and GPS.‎ In an effort to quantify that threat，astrophysicists Abraham Loeb and Manasvi Lingam of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics developed a mathematical model that assumes society’s vulnerability (脆弱性)to solar storms will grow with technological advances.Under this model，during the next 50 years，the potential for economic damage will depend primarily on the rising odds of a strong solar storm over time.Beyond 50 years our vulnerability will increase dramatically with technological progress until the latter levels off.‎ Some scientists question the model’s predictions.“Estimating the economic impact is challenging now，let alone in over a century，” says Edward Oughton，a research associate at the University of Cambridge’s Center for Risk Studies.Yet he warns that uncertainty should not stop us from practical preparations，such as making power grids stronger and improving early-warning systems.‎ Loeb and Lingam think up a much wider strategy: a $100-billion magnetic deflector ‎ shield (导流板)，positioned between Earth and the sun.This idea seems “pretty preposterous，” however，given that solar particles arrive at Earth from all directions，says Daniel Baker，director of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder.‎ A better understanding of “space weather”—the changing condition in Earth’s outer space environment，including solar radiation and particles—could help find the best strategies for confronting a dangerous solar storm，says Stracey Worman，a senior analyst at consulting firm Abt Associates.“This is a challenging but important question，”Worman says，“that we need more eyes on.”‎ ‎5.According to Edward Oughton，which of the following about solar storms is right?‎ A.They will become much stronger in 150 years.‎ B.Technology makes their potential damage grow.‎ C.It’s difficult to predict their possible economic damage.‎ D.Space weather forecast can effectively help deal with them.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据题目Edward Oughton提示，找到第五段第1、2行：Estimating the economic impact is challenging now，challenging 同义替换为difficult，estimate同义替换为predict，故选C。]‎ ‎6.The underlined word “preposterous” in Paragraph 6 means ________.‎ A.unreasonable B.practical C.innovative D.inflexible 答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第六段第1行提示：wilder strategy，wilder说明了感情趋向，再来看这个idea：$100-billion magnetic deflector shield，positioned between Earth and the sun，非常的狂野，几乎不可能，所以只能选A，unreasonable “不切实际的”。]‎ ‎7.The author writes the passage mainly to ________.‎ A.report the damage of solar storms B.remind people to guard against solar storms C.introduce the characteristics of solar storms D.analyze the possible cause of solar storms 答案　B　[推理判断题。通读全文可知作者的情感取向，ACD的确是文章的内容的一部分，但题目问的是作者写作目的，根据最后一段：help find the best strategies for confronting a dangerous solar storm，最后一句：This is a challenging but important question that we need more eyes on说明作者在提醒大家阻止solar storm，故选B。]‎ 题组四　议论文 A ‎(2018·天津高考)Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.‎ Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness.But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear；we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation (刺激), new ideas.Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.‎ The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.This blocks awareness.One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.The students began complaining about how cold it would be.We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead.They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring.Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.‎ Another block to awareness is the obsession (痴迷) many of us have with naming things.I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet” and checked it off.They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.‎ The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness.I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant campground with just enough ‎ time to get there before dark.It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit，to take a moment to see what’s around them.I asked them what they’d seen.“Oh, a few birds，” they said.They seemed bent on their destinations.‎ Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait.Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations.Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。随着年龄的增长，我们对大自然开始变得麻木。本文作者告诉我们如何唤醒自己的观察力。‎ ‎1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ________.‎ A.anxious to do wonders B.sensitive to others’ feelings C.likely to develop unpleasant habits D.eager to explore the world around them 答案　D　[推理判断题。 根据文章第二段可知，小时候的我们比成年后的我们更多地去观察，孩子的一天充满魅力、新奇和奇妙之处。本段中的“newness and wonder”以及“Curiosity”都与D项的“渴望探索他们周围的世界”相吻合，因此选D。]‎ ‎2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?‎ A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.‎ B.To stop complaining all the time.‎ C.To follow the teacher’s advice.‎ D.To admit mistakes honestly.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容尤其是“stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs”可知，在事情发生之前，我们不要进行预测，故A项“不要匆忙下结论”符合语境。]‎ ‎3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they ________.‎ A.are very patient in their observation B.are really fascinated by nature C.care only about the names of birds D.question the accuracy of the field guides ‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，该段开头提出我们总是热衷于给事物取名字，这阻碍了我们对外界的认识。然后以观鸟人的行为为例，说这些人一看到一只鸟，就立即查找其名字并确认，然后就不再关注这只鸟，也不去了解它在做什么了。由此可知观鸟人只在意鸟的名字，因此选C。]‎ ‎4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?‎ A.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.‎ B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.‎ C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.‎ D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，这些远足者在有限的时间里直奔遥远的营地，他们没有在周围逛一逛，看看周边的景色的想法。本段的最后一句“They seemed bent on their destinations”亦表明，远足者不关注周边的环境的原因是他们似乎一心想着在天黑之前赶到目的地。故选B。]‎ ‎5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should ________.‎ A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C.open our mind to new things and ideas D.try our best to protect nature 答案　A　[推理判断题。本文作者拿成年的我们与儿时的我们进行对比，然后告诉我们，我们应该学会让自己去感受大千世界的各种美妙与奇迹，而不是忙于预测未发生的事，不是忙于赶往目的地，要学会感受和观察大自然，因此A项正确。]‎ B ‎(2017·河北衡水中学高三第二次模拟)‎ Parents play an important role in determining the educational success of their children.Their expectations for how well their children do at school and the environment at home are important determinants of achievement.Family influence is great in helping a child to realize academic accomplishment.‎ Children who live in homes in which the parents are academically successful，once ‎ they become parents，often feel that their job is to prepare their children to do likewise in school.They take their kids on vacation，but they spend time learning about local history at museums.They also may ensure that their kids have time to study and understand the importance of school attendance.School is a priority for these families，and children who live in them grow up with a focus on learning.‎ Parents who have high academic expectations and those who adopt a more authoritarian parenting style for their children often have children who do well in school.However，it can be dangerous to set expectations too high，such that a child feels overly pressured to perform.These types of expectations should be balanced with those that relate directly to the child，so that they will be able to personally set and reach goals，work hard and to enjoy being curious.‎ Parents who support their children in their academic work also positively influence their performance.This takes different forms for families.Some parents might help with homework，or volunteer at school.Others provide a quiet study space，a consistent bedtime or a positive example of hard work and discipline.How parents show support for their child’s academic career varies by family and by culture.No matter how it is shown，it is a vital part of a child’s academic success to know their parents are behind their efforts.‎ A love of reading in a household can also positively affect a child’s academic attainment.Learning new vocabulary，and how to predict，understand and respond to a text are just some of the skills children can learn at home that are important in an academic environment.Reading books，newspapers，magazines and websites with children on a regular basis sets them up for success at school.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文叙述了家庭影响在帮助孩子获得学业成功方面起着重要的作用。学业成功的家长重视孩子的教育，但是不要设置过高的目标，在学业上支持孩子的父母也影响着他们的表现，家庭的阅读爱好也积极地影响着一个孩子的学术素养。‎ ‎6.According to the text，parents have an important effect on children’s ________.‎ A.family life B.next generation C.academic achievement D.expectations of their jobs 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Family influence is great in helping a child to realize academic accomplishment.可知，家庭影响有助于孩子学业的成功。故选C。]‎ ‎7.What may a family with academically successful parents put first?‎ A.Family travel. B.Attending school.‎ C.Historic knowledge. D.Going to museums.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句School is a priority for these families，and children who live in them grow up with a focus on learning.可知，对于这些家庭来说，学校是一个优先考虑的问题，而生活在这样的家庭中的孩子长大后就会专注于学习。故选B。]‎ ‎8.How may academically successful parents influence their children’s academic achievement?‎ A.They can offer help to their children in different ways.‎ B.They may ask teachers to their houses to teach.‎ C.They put great pressure on their children.‎ D.They ask their children to solve problems alone.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段二、三两句They take their kids on vacation...the importance of school attendance.可知，学业成功的父母带孩子去度假，花费时间去博物馆了解历史，确保孩子有时间学习，理解上学的重要性。因此推断学业成功的父母用不同的方法帮助孩子。故选A。]‎ ‎9.What could be the best title for the text?‎ A.How to improve the relation in a family B.Benefits of academically successful parents C.What parents can do to help their children D.Family influence on children’s academic achievement 答案　D　[标题判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述家庭对孩子学 习的重大影响，学业成功的父母重视学习，从各个方面给孩子提供帮助，支持孩子学习，家庭的阅读爱好也对孩子的学习起着积极地作用。因此推断D项“家庭对孩子学业成功的影响”为最佳标题。故选D。]‎ 题组五　六道题专练 ‎ A ‎(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)I’m sitting at home working，minding my business，and the mobile rings.It’s DC Lyle from Wandsworth police station.He says that my name was given to Crimestoppers anonymously as a potential witness to the ‘Putney Pusher’ incident.Remember that madman who pushed a woman into the path of a bus on Putney Bridge while out for his morning jog? Well，six months on and they still haven’t found him—and DC Lyle wants to meet.‎ I say I couldn’t possibly help as I wasn’t a witness.DC Lyle says he still needs to meet.I reaffirm there really was no point，I could be of no value; I wasn’t there.DC Lyle insists，and in doing so mentions that he has my email address，and that he tried to see me at my office yesterday (I wasn’t in).What? Somebody gave the police my office address，email address and phone number.Who? Feeling invaded and annoyed，I tell DC Lyle he could come at 10 a.m.the next day.I put the phone down，and only__then__the__penny__dropped.I was a suspect.‎ I must know.Who was the person who put my name forward? They obviously know me，but not well enough to call me first and let me know they were going to report me to the police.Or perhaps they do know me well and have it in for me.That’s for another day.‎ I frantically search for the video footage of the incident online.The images are grainy.Squint (眯眼看) the eyes and even I can see some resemblance.I look at the Pusher’s jogging gear.Not premium，I might be OK.He’s got fat calves.Result.Mine are sculpted (my best feature).The Pusher’s got obvious moobs.Oh dear.I carry some permanent holiday weight，I admit it.All it would take is a bored jury and a half-decent prosecution barrister，and none of this would be beyond reasonable doubt.‎ I need evidence proving my innocence，so I fire up the iCal to see what my movements were on 5 May.There is nothing in the diary.This is not going well.‎ After a fitful night I wake early.9：45 a.m.arrives.The door buzzer goes.It’s DC Lyle and his sidekick.Of course they’re early，sneaky bastards.Look relaxed，Joel.Keep yourself together.DC Lyle and DC Sidekick show me their badges.I show them how extremely nice and friendly I am.Once installed on my sofa (I didn’t offer tea) they hit me with it—I am indeed a suspect.‎ ‎“Someone put you forward as the person that did this，and we’re here to investigate whether you did.Where were you on the morning of 5 May between the hours of 7：30 and 8：00 a.m.？”‎ I have nothing.I live alone，work from home most days，no diary events，no witnesses as to my whereabouts.Sweats.“Wait，” I say.“Almost every morning of the working week I go to Pret A Manger to have a coffee at or about the time of incident.” But did I that day? Even if I did，what if it was a day when they gave me a coffee ‘on the house’ as they often did，me being a regular ‘n’ all.There might not be credit card records.More sweats.‎ I get the computer.American Express login.Search for May 2017 expense calendar(消费明细).Double click.Get in: 5 May 2017—Pret A Manger，￡1.95.‎ I’m in the clear.DC Lyle peers over my shoulder at the screen.He’s satisfied I’m not the Putney Pusher.The Pret evidence is helpful，but he also says I’m taller than the real Pusher.Skinnier，too.I tell him that’s because I’ve been jogging a lot recently.‎ ‎1.Why did DC Lyle call “me” and insist on a meet?‎ A.Police thought “I” was the Putney Pusher.‎ B.The woman charged me with the incident.‎ C.Someone reported me to the police station.‎ D.“I” accidentally knew who the suspect was.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。最后根据第一段句3和第六段最后一句可知，DC怀疑“我”就是Pusher，符合A。]‎ ‎2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means ________.‎ A.money was wasted on answering the phone call B.money should be paid to get rid of my suspicion C.something serious would follow for days to come D.something puzzling wasn’t understood until then 答案　D　[句意理解题。“the penny dropped”的意思是“终于明白了”，D选项便指一些困惑的事情到那时候终于被理解了，符合句意。故选D。]‎ ‎3.The sentence “I have to clear my name，and reclaim ownership of my identity.” should be placed at the end of ________.‎ A.Para.2 B.Para.3‎ C.Para.4 D.Para.6‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。该句句意“我得洗清我的罪名，重新证明我身份的清白”，文章第二段和第三段正好是电话挂了的前后衔接，前文是“我”被怀疑，后文是我开始想办法知道陷害我的人和真正的Pusher是谁，故应放在这两段中间，选B。 ]‎ ‎4.What “I” found of the incident indicates that ________.‎ A.“I” wouldn’t be suspected without putting on holiday weight B.“I” am exactly the man who the police have been hunting for C.it is reasonable for DC Lyle to arrest “me” to finish his job D.it is unfavorable for “me” not to have a habit of writing diaries 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第四、五段及第六段最后一句“I am indeed a suspect”，我发现录像中的人确实跟“我”很相似，明白了警察电话的来由，故选B。]‎ ‎5.What can we learn from “my” meeting with DC Lyle?‎ A.Being extremely friendly makes me more suspicious.‎ B.The expense calendar provides relief to my suspicion.‎ C.DC Lyle doesn’t assume I am the Pusher in advance.‎ D.Recent jogging is a key to my tall and skinny feature.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。第九段最后一句和第十段句首，消费明细证明我是清白的，符合B选项“provide relief to my suspicion”。故选B。]‎ ‎6.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.A false alarm B.The Pusher at large C.My identity crisis D.Careless policemen 答案　C　[主旨大意题。文章讲述的内容是我被怀疑，然后心里一系列紧张活动，以及证明我的清白的过程，符合C。C是我的身份危机，故选C。]‎ B ‎(2018·高考押题卷)LONDON—Hillary Clinton got closer than any American woman to the nation’s top job，but her loss this week has thrown a spotlight back onto the question: Why has the United States lagged behind so many countries around the world in choosing a female leader?‎ Tiny Sri Lanka became the first to shatter the political gender barrier more than a half-century ago，back when that island nation was known as Ceylon.Its giant neighbor，India，followed a few years later.‎ Since then women have attained top leadership posts—president，prime minister or its equivalent—in more than 70 countries in Europe，Latin America and the Asia-Pacific.Today women run two of Europe’s most powerful nations，Angela Merkel in Germany and Theresa May in Britain.So why not the United States?‎ Historians have offered a range of reasons.Many of the earlier women’s pathways were eased because their husbands or fathers were autocratic or charismatic leaders first.Some were chosen via parliamentary deal-making，not direct elections.Others were initially tapped as temporary leaders.‎ Some scholars theorize that European democracies may view women as more suited to high political office because their governments are known for generous social-welfare programs，something that seems maternal.In contrast，the president of the United States is primarily seen as commander in chief，which is a frame more difficult for women to fit into.‎ ‎“America is still seen as the policeman of the world，the guardian of the world，and we still have a very gendered version of what leadership means，” said Laura A.Liswood，secretary-general of the United Nations Foundation’s Council of Women World Leaders，a network of current and former female prime ministers and presidents.“Not only do we have to be liked，we also have to be tough.”‎ Sue Thomas，a senior research scientist at the Pacific Institute for Research and ‎ Evaluation in Santa Cruz，California，said that unlike political leadership posts elsewhere，the U.S.presidency “is seen as a very masculine(男性) institution that for historical reasons is extremely hard for a female to approach.”‎ Gender was never far from the surface in the protracted presidential campaign，but experts cautioned against seeing the election as merely a referendum(公民投票权) on the idea of a female president.‎ ‎“It’s hard to build a generalization about women candidates based on Hillary Clinton，” said Timothy Garton Ash，professor of European studies at Oxford University.“She is such a special case and unique figure，having been around for so long.Did people vote against her because she was a woman or because her name is Clinton? Of course it could be both.”‎ Still，many experts see an underlying(潜在的)bias that has discouraged American women from seeking political office，impeding the flow of potential female presidential candidates.‎ ‎ “What we have in the United States is a pipeline problem，” said Kathleen Dolan，chairwoman of the department of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.“Not enough women in the high-visibility，high-credibility offices.Not enough women running for school boards，county councils.”‎ The United States ranks 97th among 193 nations worldwide in the percentage of women in the lower house of Congress，according to data compiled by the Inter-Parliamentary Union.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章主要阐述了为什么美国没有女总统。‎ ‎7.The passage mainly focuses on ________.‎ A.how women are popular in European democracies.‎ B.why there is no female president in the USA.‎ C.when women can come into power in the world.‎ D.what can be done to change women’s status in America.‎ 答案　B　[主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要阐述的是为什么美国没有女总统，故B项正确。]‎ ‎8.The underlined word in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ A.crush B.challenge C.attack D.interfere 答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知，画线词所在句的意思为：小小的斯里兰卡成为第一个在政治上打破性别壁垒的国家，故画线单词表示“打破”之意，故A项词汇意义一致。B.“挑战”；C.“攻击，袭击”；D.“干预，干涉”。]‎ ‎9.According to historians，many of the earlier women’s pathways were eased because ________.‎ A.they took advantage of their family resources.‎ B.they were elected directly by the public.‎ C.they were appointed as permanent leaders.‎ D.they gained help from abroad.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Many of the earlier women’s pathways were eased because their husbands or fathers were autocratic or charismatic leaders first.”可知，早期女性参与政治主要还是她们的家族资源丰富的缘故，故A项正确。]‎ ‎10.Why women in European countries are recognized as more suitable for high political duty?‎ A.Women in Europe are much more generous than those in other continents.‎ B.The democracies in Europe well match women’s roles in society.‎ C.Women in Europe are better at regulate their governments.‎ D.The democracies in Europe naturally have a preference for women.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Some scholars theorize...something that seems maternal.”可知，欧洲民主政体可能认为妇女适合最高的政治职务是因为他们的政府以慷慨的福利计划而著称，而这更像是母亲的角色，故B项正确。]‎ ‎11.From the passage，we can conclude that ________.‎ A.The president of America is extremely hard for a female to approach for intellectual reasons B.Election can be viewed as merely a referendum on the idea of a female president.‎ C.Hillary Clinton would help set up a generalization about women candidates.‎ D.Women in America can’t seek proper ways to be involved in politics.‎ 答案　D　[总结归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段的内容可知，潜在的偏见阻碍了美国女性谋求政治职务，也阻碍了女性总统候选的出现，故D项正确。]‎ ‎12.The passage is most probably an introduction of ________.‎ A.conference summary B.scientific research C.remarks on current affairs D.political campaign 答案　C　[文章出处题。根据文章谈论的主题“为什么美国没有女总统”可以判断本文应该是属于时事评论范畴，故C项正确。]‎ 应用文 ‎(限时：25分钟)‎ A Version Control by Dexter Palmer Rebecca，the main character，has the funny feeling that something is wrong with her world，where selfdriving cars fill the roads and her husband is obsessed with building a time machine.It’s a world much like ours，which is part of the brilliance of Version Control，which by holding up a science-fictional mirror to our reality，reflects back something more truthful.‎ The Regional Office Is Under Attack!‎ by Manuel Gonzales The first novel from acclaimed short fiction writer Manuel Gonzales，records the secret history of the Regional Office，an organization composed of superpowered female assassins(刺客) and the mysterious powers that manage them.Combining joyous comic book verve (神韵) with masterful literary craft and a keen sense of character，it is a rare and special beast indeed.‎ Rebel of the Sands by Alwyn Hamilton What Is Not Yours ‎ Is Not Yours Mortals rule the desert nation of Miraji，but mythical beasts still wander the wilds and wastes，and rumor has it that somewhere，djinns (神灵) still practice their magic.But there’s nothing mystical or magical about Dustwalk that Amani can’t wait to escape from.Amani counts on her sharp shooting skills to get her out of Dustwalk.What she doesn’t expect is that a handsome and mysterious stranger will join her on her way.‎ by Helen Oyeyemi Keys are an important point in Oyeyemi’s fantastic short stories—the literal keys that unlock a house，a library，or a mysterious diary; the metaphorical keys that open hearts，secrets，and fates.In the book，the stories are linked thematically by keys of all kinds.Whichever you are reading，these stories have you diving in and surfacing somewhere else—delightfully，unexpectedly—altogether.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四本奇幻小说。‎ ‎1.What do the four books have in common?‎ A.The main characters are all females.‎ B.They all reflect the dark side of society.‎ C.They all belong to fantastic fiction.‎ D.They adopt many advanced literary skills.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文中的“where self-driving cars fill the roads”“The first novel from acclaimed short fiction writer”“djinns (神灵) still practice their magic”“Keys are an important point in Oyeyemi’s fantastic short stories”可知，这四本小说都属于奇幻小说。]‎ ‎2.Which of the following consists of a collection of stories around a theme?‎ A.Version Control.‎ B.The Regional Office Is Under Attack!‎ C.Rebel of the Sands.‎ D.What Is Not Yours Is Not Yours.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据最后一本书的简介中的“In the book，the stories are linked thematically by keys of all kinds”‎ 可知，在这本书中，所有故事都是由各种各样的钥匙联系起来的，故选D项。]‎ B ‎(2018·扬州、泰州六市高三第二次调研)‎ Public Challenges？‎ Discover MPA，join a real class online on 19 February If you are passionate about public interests，join a real MPA class；you will have the opportunity to experience the students’ life and get a feeling for the atmosphere，teaching approaches and learning processes.Watch the live stream and learn how to benefit from SDA Bocconi’s expertise in public management，while living for one year in Milano.‎ ‎1-YEAR FULL-TIME MPA MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ‎19 February 2018，2：30—4：00 pm (CET)‎ MPA Class on Economics for Public Decisions For more information and to book your place：‎ mpa.recruiting @ sdabocconi.it or www.sdabocconi.it/mpa INSIDE MIHMEP JOIN US ON 5TH MARCH 2018‎ MEET THE DIRECTOR AND TALK WITH MIHMEP STUDENTS，ONLINE OR FACE-TO-FACE Attend our event to discover how MIHMEP can help you expand your international career in the health care sector.Come to Milano or watch the live stream online to interact directly with the MIHMEP Director Federico Lega and his students.‎ ‎5 March，6：30 pm (CET)‎ The Insiders’ View：meet MIHMEP current students For more information and to register：www.sdabocconi.it/mihmep MIHMEP 1-YEAR MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT，ECONOMICS AND POLICY ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇广告，向我们介绍了位于米兰的一所学校——SDA Bocconi在2018年2月19日和3月5日开设的MPA和MIHMEP课程的一些信息。‎ ‎3.Once you’ve booked your place in MPA class，you will ________.‎ A.be passionate about public interests B.have the opportunity to be a teacher C.get a good knowledge of public management D.watch the live stream to know your advantages 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Public Challenges？部分中的“Watch the live stream and learn how to benefit from SDA Bocconi’s expertise in public management”可知，一旦你订了MPA的课程，你将会学到公共管理方面的专业知识。故选C项。]‎ ‎4.SDA Bocconi’s courses are aimed at ________.‎ A.academic upgrade B.job promotion C.interpersonal communication D.business management 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Public Challenges？部分中的“MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION”和INSIDE MIHMEP部分中的“MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT，ECONOMICS AND POLICY”，可知，SDA Bocconi的课程是关于学术进修的，故选A项。]‎ C ‎(2018·苏州市高三调研测试)‎ An Englishman’s Tales of a Small Yorkshire Village Silas Ackroyd Silas Ackroyd and his family lived in a small village characterized by cozy sandstone cottages，farmhouses and farm animals and grand gardens.In this collection of personal stories，he recreates a time when things were much more simple and pure.‎ Confession Zohour Almandil Confession is an immersive and couching book that shows the contents of author Zohour Almandil’s heart and how she is able to express her long pent-up emotions，a rare and very brave moment in the female viewpoint in her society.‎ Sizzlin’ Summer Surprise Alton J.Myers This historical fiction novel follows a high school teacher during his summer studying at a Detroit university.He，and other teachers in this forceful course of academics，find more than they expect when a rebellion breaks out in the city.‎ Sugar Shack Joyce M.Poindexter Bush Sugar Shack is a heart-warming story that takes the reader on a trip through the life-changing events that happen to Gwendolyn Cole，a young girl growing up in the small，country town of Warren，Arkansas.Will she stay positive throughout?‎ Beethoven，Then and Now Fred Gaertner In this explosive and fast-paced novel，Fred Gaertner imagines an Earth where it is possible for dead people to return to the world of the living.This is exactly what the legendary Beethoven does but with some interesting consequences!‎ The Amazing Balancing Man!‎ David Linden The Amazing Balancing Man is the personal story of David Linden balancing pursuing his dreams and putting bread on the table.He followed his dreams of and passion for becoming an acrobat and reinventing himself as a stand-up comedian.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了六本书。‎ ‎5.Which of the following books are about the life of the authors?‎ A.Confession and Sizzlin’ Summer Surprise.‎ B.Beethoven，Then and Now and Sugar Shack.‎ C. The Amazing Balancing Man and An Englishman’s Tales of a Small Yorkshire Village.‎ D. An Englishman’s Tales of a Small Yorkshire Village and Sizzlin’ Summer Surprise.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据The Amazing Balancing Man中的“The Amazing Balancing Man is the personal story of David Linden”及作者为David Linden可知，这本书叙述的也是作者的个人经历，所以答案为C。]‎ ‎6.What can we learn from the above information?‎ A.David Linden’s novel helps himself to realize his dream.‎ B.Beethoven，Then and Now is in fact science fiction.‎ C.Sugar Shack is aimed at the readers in difficult times.‎ D.Confession describes the author’s rebellion against the male.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据Beethoven，Then and Now中的“In this explosive and fast-paced novel，Fred Gaertner imagines an Earth where it is possible for dead people to return to the world of the living”可知，在这本书中，作者Fred Gaertner想象出一个死者可以回到生者的世界中的地球，从而可推断出，这是一本科幻小说。]‎ D Visitors to Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas really follow the crowd.The park contains 47 hot springs.And tourists can take relaxing soaks at a bathhouse in the park that uses warm water from the nearby hot springs.‎ Great Springs At 5，550 acres，Hot Springs National Park is the smallest national park in the United States.People have been coming to the area for hundreds of years to enjoy its natural hot baths.Starting in the 19th century，several bathhouses that offered baths with spring water opened in the region.Many visitors with illnesses went there，believing that the waters could help cure them.‎ The area became a national park in 1921.People aren’t allowed to take baths directly in the springs.But you can still visit the one bathhouse that remains in operation at the park.You can also drink the spring water from special fountains (喷嘴式饮水器) around the park.And don’t worry about burning your tongue.When the water flows from the ground into the pools，it’s very hot.But it cools before reaching the park’s baths and fountains.‎ Home at Hot Springs Besides the springs，visitors to the park can also see some pretty cool wildlife.Sounds like there are a lot of ways to have fun at Hot Springs National Park!‎ Fees & Passes There is no entrance fee for the park.‎ Camping Fees Your stay is limited to 14 days at a time.Longer stays require you to move to a different campground outside of the national park.All sites can be used for tent camping.All sites are $30 per night or $15 per night with a Senior Pass or Access Pass card.Senior and Access passes can be bought at the park store.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一则广告，介绍了阿肯色州的Hot Springs National Park，涉及到其中的Great Springs和Home at Hot Springs的相关信息。‎ ‎7.What can we learn about Hot Springs National Park from the passage?‎ A.Its bath water is very hot.‎ B.Visitors can drink its spring water.‎ C.Visitors have to pay $15 to enter it.‎ D.Its bathhouses were opened in recent years.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第四句You can also drink the spring water from special fountains (喷嘴式饮水器) around the park.可知在Hot Springs National Park，游客可以喝泉水。故B项正确。]‎ ‎8.If visitors want to camp at the park，they should ________.‎ A.bring their own tents B.go to the park store first C.stay for no more than 14 days D.change campgrounds every day 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Your stay is limited to 14 days at a time.可知，你在公园里宿营的时间不能超过14天。故C项正确。]‎ E ‎(2018·镇江市高三一模)‎ Raise.me Raise.me is a neutral platform that allows sponsors and colleges to award Micro-Scholarships to students based on Colleges’ and/or Sponsors’ award criteria.‎ By using the services，you should understand the following：‎ Connecting with Users：‎ ‎·Educators may only connect with students from the schools or organizations that they serve，and may connect with an individual student only with that student’s permission.Educators may also connect with colleges and sponsors via the services.‎ ‎·Students may only connect with educators from their own schools and organizations，and may connect with an individual educator only with that educator’s permission.‎ ‎·Students may elect to follow sponsors via the services.Sponsors may only view the profiles (简介) of students who elect to follow them.‎ Qualifying for Micro-Scholarships：‎ ‎·Students can earn Micro-Scholarships based on the courses and achievements they add to their profiles while they are in high school.‎ ‎·Students may only be awarded Micro-Scholarships from colleges and sponsors that ‎ they follow before the applicable College’s and/or Sponsor’s “Follow Deadline” for their class year，which is a date set by each college and sponsor and stated on such college’s or sponsor’s page on the services.Once a College’s or Sponsor’s Follow Deadline has passed，students who are seniors in high school may not continue to earn Micro-Scholarships from such college or sponsor.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了美国的创业公司Raise.me通过自身的平台由赞助商和大学向学生提供微型奖学金的服务。‎ ‎9.By using the services，both educators and students may ________.‎ A.connect with the schools or organizations at the same time B.get in touch with each other with both sides’ permission C.connect with colleges and sponsors at the proper time D.freely elect sponsors who elect to follow them 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Educators...may connect with an individual student only with that student’s permission”和第四段“Students...may connect with an individual educator only with that educator’s permission”可知，教师只有经过学生的允许才能跟他取得联系，而学生也只有经过老师的允许才能跟他取得联系。由此可知，教师和学生需经过双方的允许才能彼此联系。故选B项。]‎ ‎10.What are the qualifications for students to be awarded Micro-Scholarships?‎ A.Making academic achievements and meeting the “Follow Deadline”.‎ B.Making beautiful profiles and completing the required courses.‎ C.Setting an accurate date and meeting the “Follow Deadline”.‎ D.Continuing to contact sponsors and adding an academic achievement.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Students can earn Micro-Scholarships based on the courses and achievements...”和第七段第一句中的“Students may only be awarded...for their class year”可知，学生们基于课程和成绩可能会获得微型奖学金；在适用的大学和(或)赞助商的“后续截止日期”之前，学生可能会被授予来自大学和赞助商的微型奖学金。由此可知，学业成绩优秀并满足同“后续截止日期”相关的条件的学生有资格被授予微型奖学金。故选A项。]‎ 记叙文 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A ‎(2018·南京外国语学校第四次模拟)My favorite teacher was Dorothy Bean.She taught American history to eighth-graders in Grand Rapids.It was 1944.Franklin D.Roosevelt was president and I was a twelve-year-old black newcomer in a school that was otherwise all white.‎ My stepfather，a physician in Grand Rapids，had bought the best house for his new family.The problem for our new neighbors was that their neighborhood had been “pure” before and that they were ignorant about black people.There was a lot of angry talk among the adults，but nothing much came of it.But some of the kids，those first few weeks，threw stones at me.For a time，I was a pretty lonely and sometimes frightened kid.I can see now that those youngsters were prejudiced，but I felt ashamed for being different.‎ I now know that Dorothy Bean understood most of that and deplored it.So things began to change when I walked into her classroom.Whereas my other teachers approached the problem of easing in their new black pupil by ignoring him for the first few weeks，Miss Bean went right at me.On the morning after having read our first assignment，she asked me the first question.I answered her question and the following.They weren’t brilliant answers，but they did establish the facts that I had read the assignment and that I could speak English.Later when a classmate had given wrong answers，Miss Bean came back to me with a question that required me to clean up the girl’s mess and established me as a smart person.From then on，I came to be more than merely a dark presence in the back of the room onto whose silent form my classmates could fit all the stereotypes they carried in their heads.‎ Once Miss Bean asked my opinion about something Jefferson had done.In those days，all my opinions were not original.I was for Roosevelt because my parents were.We didn’t have opinions about historical figures like Jefferson.After I had stared at her for a few seconds，she said，“Well，should he have bought Louisiana or not？”‎ ‎“I guess so，” I replied cautiously.‎ ‎“Why？” she asked.‎ Why! What kind of question was that? But I ventured an answer.Day after day，she kept doing that to me，and my answers became stronger and more confident.She was the first teacher to give me the sense that thinking was part of education and that I could form opinions that had some value.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个黑人在老师的帮助下走向成功的励志故事。黑人不一定比白人差，大家要改变原先的刻板印象。‎ ‎1.The author implies that some of the prejudice in Grand Rapids was the result of ________.‎ A.anger about newcomers B.ignorance of black people C.innocence of youth D.misunderstanding of physicians 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，他们对黑人一无所知。ignorance “忽视”。]‎ ‎2.The underlined word “deplored” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.‎ A.stood for B.acted on C.stuck to D.disapproved of 答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，deplore为“谴责”的意思。disapprove of “不赞成”，意思最为接近。stand for “代表”；act on “根据……行事”；stick to “坚持”。]‎ ‎3.We can infer from the passage that ________.‎ A.the author hated the new school and had numerous adjustments to make B.the eighth grade is a tough and challenging period of time for the students C.Miss Bean always pushed her students to learn American history by heart D.African American kids were believed to be less brilliant and hard-working 答案　D　[推理判断题。由全文大意可知，非裔美国儿童被世俗认为不聪明和不勤奋，而后文反驳了这一观点，故D项为最符合题意的选项。]‎ B In 1989，as Donna Castillo who was about two months pregnant strolled past a local self-pick farm that grew strawberries and tomatoes，she noticed a large tractor，stuck in mud，moving back and forth in a struggle to move forward.The tractor’s sprayer mechanism was still open，and as the wind shifted，an odorless，tasteless，and colorless liquid sprayed Donna.When she told the event to her husband，Juan，an accountant—and again to her doctor the next day—they both told her not to worry，and that it was most likely water.‎ Months later，Donna gave birth to their son Johnny，but to the parents’ horror，he was born without eyes.The couple struggled to understand how something so tragic could have happened to their baby.It would be years before they arrived at the heartbreaking conclusion that it was on that fateful day that Donna was sprayed—not with water，but with an incredibly toxic pesticide called Benlate，manufactured by the chemical giant DuPont.‎ Following Johnny’s birth，Donna joined an international support group for those affected by the rare birth defect.Through the group，Donna learned about a group of 29 children in Scotland with the medical condition：Their mothers had all been exposed to Benlate while pregnant.An investigator for the London Observer contacted the farmer of the U-pick berry farm Donna had walked by during her exposure，and the farmer admitted that he had，in fact，used the same pesticide.Pesticides may also increase your risk of developing these dangerous medical conditions.‎ After approaching several lawyers about taking her case with no success，Donna walked into the office of Jim Ferraro and found the hope she had been searching for.Ferraro not only agreed to take the case，which was the first of its kind，but he worked tirelessly to find a way to beat the odds and win.A case against an industry giant like DuPont faced very long odds.Ferraro told Reader’s Digest.“No one would take her case，because no one fights a chemical company and wins.DuPont is like the Roman army.”‎ Ferraro thoroughly researched the chemical and discovered a study by the University of California that showed a 43 percent increase in ocular deformities in pregnant ‎ rats.That’s when Ferraro knew he had a case worth presenting.“I was sleeping four hours a night.I took 63 depositions in four countries.I was absolutely crazy，” he says.Despite numerous appeals by DuPont，Ferraro and the Castillo family finally prevailed.“It was ten years and one month later that we received the final ruling from the Supreme Court，” he recalls.The family was awarded damages totalling $ 4 million.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名孕妇被有毒的化学物质喷洒到身上，孩子出生时没有眼睛。因为生产此农药的公司很有势力，好多律师不敢介入此案。在母亲的努力下，终于有一位有强烈正义感的律师受理并打赢了这场官司。‎ ‎4.Why were several lawyers unwilling to take Donna’s case?‎ A.Because it was not DuPont’s fault that Johnny was born blind.‎ B.Because the chance of winning a lawsuit against DuPont was very slim.‎ C.Because the Castillo family was too poor to afford the money they charged.‎ D.Because they thought they had no hope to take charge of the case.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，几位律师不愿意接受Donna的案子是因为胜诉杜邦公司的机会非常渺茫。]‎ ‎5.It can be learned from the passage that Jim Ferraro ________.‎ A.had a keen sense of justice B.conducted a study on pregnant rats C.fought DuPont in a smooth way D.worked in the Supreme Court 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第五段倒数第三句可知，Ferraro有强烈的正义感。]‎ ‎6.How is the passage mainly developed?‎ A.By giving examples.‎ B.By making comparisons.‎ C.By following time order.‎ D.By making classifications.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段首句的In 1989、第二段首句的Months later、第三段首句的“Following Johnny’s birth”、第四段首句“After approaching several lawyers about taking her case with no success”和第五段最后一句的“The family was awarded damages totalling $4 million.”可知，本文是按照时间顺序行文的。]‎ C In the dull twilight of the winter afternoon，Scarlett came to the end of the long road which had begun the night Atlanta fell.She had set her feet upon that road as a spoiled，selfish and untried girl，full of youth，warm of emotion，easily confused by life.Now，at the end of the road，there was nothing left of that girl.Hunger and hard labor，fear and constant pressure，the terrors of war and the terrors of Reconstruction had taken away all warmth and youth and softness.Around the core of her being，a shell of hardness had formed and，little by little，layer by layer，the shell had thickened during the endless months.‎ But until this very day，two hopes had been left to support her.She had hoped that the war being over，life would gradually return to its old face.She had hoped that Ashley’s return would bring back some meaning into life.Now both hopes were gone.The sight of Jonas Wilkerson in the front walk of Tara had made her realize that for her，for the whole South，the war would never end.The bitterest fighting，the most brutal retaliations，were just beginning.And Ashley was imprisoned forever by words which were stronger than any jail.‎ Peace had failed her and Ashley had failed her，both in the same day，and__it__was__as__if__the__last__crevice__(裂口)__in__the__shell__had__been__sealed，the__final__layer__hardened. She had become what Grandma Fontaine had counseled against，a woman who had seen the worst and so had nothing else to fear.Not life nor Mother nor loss of love nor public opinion.Only hunger and her nightmare dream of hunger could make her afraid.‎ A curious sense of lightness，of freedom，pervaded her now that she had finally hardened her heart against everything that tied her to the old days and the old Scarlett.She had made her decision and，thank God，she wasn’t afraid.She had nothing to lose and her mind was made up.‎ If she could only coax Rhett into marrying her，all would be perfect.But if she couldn’t—well，she’d get the money just the same.For a brief moment she wondered with impersonal curiosity what would be expected of a mistress.Would Rhett insist on keeping her in Atlanta as people said he kept the Watling woman? If he made her stay in Atlanta，he’d have to pay well—pay enough to balance what her absence from Tara would be worth.Scarlett was very ignorant of the hidden side of men’s lives and had no way of knowing just what the arrangement might involve.And she wondered if she would have a baby.That would be distinctly terrible.‎ ‎“I won’t think of that now.I’ll think of it later，” and she pushed the unwelcome idea into the back of her mind lest it shake her resolution.She’d tell the family tonight she was going to Atlanta to borrow money，to try to mortgage the farm if necessary.That would be all they needed to know until such an evil day when they might find out differently.‎ With the thought of action，her head went up and her shoulders went back.This affair was not going to be easy，she knew.Formerly，it had been Rhett who asked for her favors and she who held the power.Now she was the beggar and a beggar in no position to dictate terms.‎ ‎“But I won’t go to him like a beggar.I’ll go like a queen granting favors.He’ll never know.”‎ She walked to the long pier glass and looked at herself，her head held high.And she saw framed in the cracking gilt molding a stranger.It was as if she were really seeing herself for the first time in a year.She had glanced in the mirror every morning to see that her face was clean and her hair tidy but she had always been too pressed by other things to really see herself.But this stranger!‎ Surely this thin hollow-cheeked woman couldn’t be Scarlett O’Hara! Scarlett O’Hara had a pretty，coquettish，high-spirited face.This face at which she stared was not pretty at all and had none of the charm she remembered so well.It was white and strained and the black brows above slanting green eyes swooped up startlingly against the white skin like frightened bird’s wings.There was a hard and hunted look about this face.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选自《飘》，Scarlett是本文的主人公，本文详细地描述了她的成长经历。‎ ‎7.What can be learned from the first paragraph?‎ A.It was cold and bitter in winter.‎ B.The war was almost over after fierce fighting.‎ C.Scarlett was made quite different through the war.‎ D.A layer of thickness formed on the road.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第一段Now前后的描写对比可知，Scarlett从阳光、叛逆且毫无经验的女孩成长为坚韧、冷漠的女人，这些都是战争、担忧和辛苦劳动所致。]‎ ‎8.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A.Ashley didn’t live up to Scarlett’s expectations.‎ B.Ashley will never be allowed to voice her opinion.‎ C.Peace and war is always the theme of topic for the public.‎ D.What was experienced made Scarlett a strong character.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Scarlett所经历的让她更坚强。]‎ ‎9.What can be inferred from the passage above?‎ A.The crack in the shell was sealed and everything returned to normal.‎ B.Ashley was imprisoned because of being charged with cursing others.‎ C.Scarlett was mentally in a good state to meet with the challenges in life.‎ D.Atlanta at that time was where almost everyone had a desire for.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第五段二、三句和第六段第一句可知，她内心的伤痛已经复原，一切回归正常。]‎ ‎10.What was Scarlett’s determination mentioned in Paragraph 6?‎ A.To marry Rhett. B.To have a baby.‎ C.To stay in Atlanta. D.To ask for a favor.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第六段第一、二句可知，她要寻求帮助。]‎ D ‎“I moved him，” the old man said.“I moved him then.” He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strength that he could.I moved him，he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull，hands，he thought.Hold up，legs.Last for me，head.Last for me.You never went.This time I’ll pull him over.‎ But when he put all of his effort on，starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength，the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.‎ ‎“Fish，” the old man said.“Fish，you are going to have to die anyway.Do you have to kill me too？”‎ That way nothing is accomplished，he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.I must get him alongside this time，he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes，you are，he told himself.You’re good for ever.‎ On the next turn，he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.‎ You are killing me，fish，the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother.Come on and kill me.I do not care who kills who.‎ Now you are getting confused in the head，he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man.Or a fish，he thought.‎ ‎“Clear up，head，” he said in a voice he could hardly hear.“Clear up.”‎ Twice more it was the same on the turns.‎ I do not know，the old man thought.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.I do not know.But I will try it once more.‎ He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.‎ I’ll try it again，the old man promised，although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.‎ He tried it again and it was the same.So he thought，and he felt himself going before he started; I will try it once again.‎ The old man dropped the line and put his foot on it and lifted the harpoon (鱼叉) as high as he could and drove it down with all his strength，and more strength he had just summoned (鼓起)，into the fish’s side just behind the great chest fin that rose high in the air to the altitude of the man’s chest.He felt the iron go in and he leaned on it and drove it further and then pushed all his weight after it.‎ Then the fish came alive，with his death in him，and rose high out of the water showing all his great length and width and all his power and his beauty.He seemed to hang in the air above the old man in the skiff.Then he fell into the water with a crash that sent spray (喷) over the old man and over all of the skiff.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老渔夫和一条大鱼作斗争的故事。‎ ‎11.Why did the old man keep talking to himself while fighting against the fish?‎ A.To rescue himself from great pressure.‎ B.To remind himself of the hidden danger.‎ C.To prevent himself from feeling tired.‎ D.To give himself constant encouragement.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He felt faint again now”可知，那位老人现在又感到一阵晕眩，再结合该段中他对自己说的话及其心中所想可知，老人这样做是为了不断地鼓励自己。故答案为D。]‎ ‎12.Which of the following statements is true about the fisherman?‎ A.The fisherman seemed to be playing a cat-and-mouse game with the fish.‎ B.The fisherman showed respect for his rival in this fierce battle.‎ C.The fisherman had been fighting with the fish for long，which made him anxious.‎ D.The fisherman，experienced as he was in fishing，nearly got killed on several occasions.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Never have I seen a greater，or more beautiful，or a calmer or more noble thing than you，brother”可知，老人说，他从来没有见过比这条鱼更庞大、更漂亮、更平静、更高贵的东西。显然，老人对这条鱼有很高的评价，他是很尊重他的这位竞争对手的。故答案为B。]‎ ‎13.What can be inferred from the sentence “Fish，you are going to have to die anyway”( Para.3 ) ?‎ A.Quite a few fishermen were chasing and hunting the fish.‎ B.The fish had been seriously injured and couldn’t live long.‎ C.The old man had much confidence in catching the fish.‎ D.As a matter of fact，the fish was too old to live any longer.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据上下文中提及的老人多次尝试抓住这条鱼的内容可知，这个句子在此暗示老人(起初)非常有信心能抓住这条鱼。故答案为C。]‎ ‎14.Which of the following words best describes the old man?‎ A.Ambitious. B.Aggressive.‎ C.Strong-willed. D.Sympathetic.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。纵观全文可知，老人抓住这条鱼的过程并不顺利，但他不放弃，一次又一次地进行了尝试，最后成功地抓住了这条鱼。这说明老人是个意志坚强的人。故答案为C。]‎ 议论文 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A Cloning has remained a controversial issue since the birth of a sheep named Dolly hit worldwide headlines in 1996.Produced by scientists instead of by nature，Dolly’s successful reproduction from an adult female sheep caused fierce debate about the ethics(道德准则) and impacts of cloning.Simply put，cloning is “the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another”.It has raised serious questions about potential scientific applications，including the prospect of human cloning.Although cloning advocates regard it as a way to help infertile (不能生育的) couples，grow healthy organs for patients awaiting transplants and possibly cure ‎ diseases，those in opposition express their fears.‎ Despite advances in scientific understanding，humankind remains students of biology，particularly the interworking of living beings.Scientists have by no means mastered cloning，as evidenced by efforts that have regularly resulted in errors or technical failures，including shortened lifespans.Even Dolly was the only lamb that survived to adulthood from 277 attempts，and it reportedly suffered from arthritis and cells that aged faster than those of a normal sheep.‎ With inbreeding (近亲繁殖 )，healthy reproduction becomes increasingly difficult，and offspring(后代) often deal with similar problems to those of inbreeding.Life depends on the diversity of genes，which comes from parents having different sets of genes.Using identical(完全相同的) genes to create and recreate life，as is the practice in cloning，weakens an organism’s power and adaptation，increasing its sensibility to diseases.Cloning involves copying identical genes and continual inbreeding finally could lead to a species’ extinction.‎ Lastly，cloning opponents object to scientists “playing God” by not only creating life in a laboratory but experimenting on and deciding the fate of that life.Too many unpredictable factors exist.For example，environmental implications may arise from cloning an extinct species，which could disturb ecosystems no longer able to support those species.The spread of cloned animals，especially since Dolly，and related research have also brought the prospect of human cloning to the forefront.From engineering “the perfect child” to harvesting brain cells，muscle tissue，and perhaps entire organs from human embryos (胚胎)，anti-cloning activists regard scientists as having overstepped their ethical bounds.Despite good intentions on the part of scientists，in this light cloning is seen as a monstrous，Frankenstein-esque procedure.Cloning continues，but its future applications remain uncertain.With proponents and opponents finding little common ground，the debate over this research may not be soon settled.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了反对克隆的人对克隆这一做法所带来的问题的担忧。‎ ‎1. What’s the example of 277 attempts used to say?‎ A.Scientists don’t put cloning into good use.‎ B.Side effects of cloning can’t be ignored.‎ C.Cloning technology hasn’t been perfect.‎ D.Cloning may disturb the ecological balance.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Despite advances in scientific understanding...by no means mastered cloning...”可知，尽管在科学认识上取得了进步，但克隆的成功率较低，甚至Dolly也是277次实验唯一的成果，即克隆技术还不完善，故选C项。]‎ ‎2.What’s the influence of inbreeding?‎ A.Reproducing different sets of genes.‎ B.Decreasing the diversity of genes.‎ C.Weakening the organism’s sensibility.‎ D.Speeding the organism’s aging process.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Life depends on the diversity of genes...lead to a species’ extinction”可知，生命依赖的是基因的多样性，这种多样性来自有不同基因组的父母。但是近亲繁殖(即克隆)“复制”的是完全相同的基因，而持续的近亲繁殖会导致一个物种的灭绝。由此可推知，近亲繁殖会减少基因的多样性。故选B项。]‎ ‎3.What do cloning opponents really mean by saying “playing God”？‎ A.Cloning is beyond the moral bottom line.‎ B.Cloning has endangered human existence.‎ C.Cloning is beneficial to some extent.‎ D.Experimenting on animals is unreasonable.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“cloning opponents object to scientists...having overstepped their ethical bounds”可知，对克隆持异议的人认为克隆这一做法超出了道德底线。]‎ ‎4.Which can be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Why is cloning increasingly popular?‎ B.Why should scientists view cloning objectively?‎ C.What are the bad effects of cloning?‎ D.How can animal cloning benefit humans?‎ 答案　C　[标题判断题。纵观全文内容可知，作者首先提出克隆这一话题，接下来分析其带来的负面影响，故C项作本文标题最佳。]‎ B ‎(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)Given that motivation is so central to our lives，what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives? The assumption is that it’s driven by a positive，external reward.Do this，get that.But the story is much more complex.‎ One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painful.You may think that you would be happy to spend all your time sitting on a white-sand beach drinking and that as long as you get to fill your days this way，you would be happy forever.But while a few days of enjoyment might be fun from time to time，I can’t imagine that you would be satisfied by spending your days，weeks，months，years and even your life this way.‎ Ressarch that examines the differences between meaning and happiness finds that the things that give us a sense of meaning don’t necessarily make us happy.Moreover，people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others，while those who focus mostly on doing things for themselves report being only superficially (表面的) happy.The essential quality of “meaning” has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigger than the self.‎ We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances.Many volunteers spend portions of their lives working in dangerous，war-torn areas trying to keep disease and death from innocent civilians or teaching orphans to read.Their pain is real; their sense of doing something truly meaningful is substantial (重大的).They show how our deep-rooted desire to believe that our lives have purpose beyond our lifespan drives us to work extra hard，even to the point of our own personal suffering，in order to gain more meaning.‎ The point is that these seemingly odd and irrational (不合理的) motivations get us to ‎ do things that are complex，difficult and unpleasant.But they go beyond helping people in need.They motivate us in every aspect of our lives—whether in our personal relationships，in our individual pursuits or in the workplace.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。动机对人们来说有着非常重要的作用，它影响着人们生活的方方面面，它引导着人们走向成功。‎ ‎5.According to the author，which of the following about motivation is true?‎ A.Motivation is simply driven by external rewards.‎ B.Motivation is largely determined by social responsibilities.‎ C.Motivation enables us to gain more financial returns.‎ D.Motivation drives us to struggle for achievements.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句可知，动机常常会驱使人们去获取费力的、具有挑战性的和甚至艰难的成功。故选D项。]‎ ‎6.According to the research，which of the practices gives us a sense of meaning?‎ A.Reading a classic novel in the leisure time.‎ B.Enjoying sunshine and comfort on the beach.‎ C.Accompanying terminal patients in hospital.‎ D.Listening to popular music in the sitting room.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Moreover，people who report...in something bigger than the self”可知，认为自己的生活有意义的人通常更乐于为别人服务，而意义的本质其实是要参与到超乎自我的更重要的事情中去。故C项“陪伴住院的病危病人”符合题干要求。]‎ ‎7.The example of people’s voluntary work in Para.4 mainly indicates that ________.‎ A.experiencing personal suffering is a necessary part of our growth B.voluntary work serves the purpose of adding happiness to our lives C.it’s our duty to help people in need to get out of their sufferings D.life’s great rewards come from our experience of tough circumstances 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话中的“people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances”‎ 可知，作者认为在最让人感到不愉快的环境里人们也会获得强烈的意义感。作者在本段所举的例子中也强调了这些志愿者们所处的环境的危险和恶劣，但他们却致力于帮助他人，做有意义的事情，在帮助他人的同时实现了自己的人生价值。这些都说明了最艰苦的环境造就了生活中伟大的奖赏。故选D。]‎ ‎8.What can we infer from the passage?‎ A.People should make sacrifices for social benefits due to their short lifespan.‎ B.The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence.‎ C.Helping people in need is the most important goal of a human being nowadays.‎ D.Superficially happy people usually put others first rather than focus on themselves.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But they go beyond...or in the workplace”可知，动机的价值和影响力超出我们的社交圈子和社会存在。故选B项。]‎ C ‎(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)As seniors in college looking forward to life’s next goals—graduation and employment—it is important to have a sense of feeling important.Every time I look through job listings，there is a small，and sometimes not so small current running through my mind，spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying.The charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying！” or “Laugh out loud and look as if you were a qualified man...”‎ I met with a professor last week about a specific posting that really got me excited.Maybe for the first time I could actually imagine myself in a position.I did not want to tell anyone of the other seniors about it because then there would be more people applying for it.However，the professor said to me，“You and thousands of other people are interested in that job.” His response successfully weakened my initial enthusiasm.So I went back to work on my cover letter，feeling like one little sardine (沙丁鱼) swimming in a school of thousands，with far less motivation than I had initially had.‎ Of course，the reality checks are good，and we should never feel deserving of，or entitled to，a position.I would say there are only a few select students out there.The ‎ cream，who have academic advantages，would be sure to stand out.The rest of us，struggling through our course loads，are the__crop.But being the crop does not make us any less important !‎ The point is that，like the old Hasidic story goes in Jewish tradition，we should always remember to carry two slips of paper in our pockets，especially during times of challenge and transition.When feeling beaten down，overwhelmed or lost within a school of sardines，take out one slip of paper that says “For my sake，the world was created”.But for fear that you become a person filled with self-importance，carry a second slip of paper to serve as a gentle reminder，“I am but dust and ashes”.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自己的经历说明一个道理：看重自己是非常重要的，但不要过度看重自己。‎ ‎9.How did the author feel after talking with the professor?‎ A.Embarrassed. B.Discouraged.‎ C.Confused. D.Inspired.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。从第二段的“His response successfully weakened my...than I had initially had”可知，跟教授交谈之后，作者像泄了气的皮球，受到了打击。故答案选B项。]‎ ‎10.What do the underlined words “the crop” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A.The plants in the field.‎ B.Common members of a group.‎ C.Those who struggle in their life.‎ D.Those who are tied to a position.‎ 答案　B　[词义猜测题。从第三段中的“The cream，who have academic advantages，would be sure to stand out”及“The rest of us...loads”可知，the crop是和The cream相反的一类人，The cream显得出类拔萃，可推断出the crop在文中指的是“很普通的人”。故答案选B项。]‎ ‎11.The author implies in the last paragraph that we should ________.‎ A.control our feelings in tough situations B.read as many inspiring stories as possible C.learn to view ourselves properly D.dare to challenge ourselves constantly 答案　C　[推理判断题。从最后一段的内容可知，作者建议我们在口袋里放两张纸条，当我们失落时，我们可以用其中一张上的话鼓励自己；当我们得意时，我们应用另一张上的话提醒自己。言外之意就是，我们得学会正确地看待自己。故答案选C项。]‎ D Carpe diem—seize the day—is one of the oldest philosophical mottos in western history.First used by the Roman poet Horace more than 2，000 years ago，it still keeps an extraordinary resonance (共鸣) in popular culture.‎ It is unusual that an expression from a long-dead language generates more than 25 million online search results.Yet just as striking is the fact that there is not one carpe diem，but many.While usually translated as “seize” the day，the original Latin is sometimes interpreted as “harvest”，or “enjoy” the day.These variations (变化) tell us that carpe diem means different things to different people.For some it’s about taking a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity，while for others it is about living calmly in the present moment.We might casually use the term carpe diem when chatting with a friend，but how many of us are aware of its many personalities hidden beneath the surface?‎ In our age of distraction，where we are checking our phones an average of 110 times a day，grasping these different meanings is more important than ever.They are an antidote (解毒药) to the reality that we are，as Shakespeare put it，“food for worms”.Life is short and our time is running out.‎ But here’s the problem: carpe diem has been hijacked (绑架).Who，or what，are the hijackers? First，the spirit of “seize the day” has been secretly hijacked by consumer culture，which has recast it as Black Friday shopping rushes and one-click buying: Just Do It has come to mean Just Buy It.‎ Alongside this is the growing fashionable belief of efficiency and time management ‎ that has driven us towards tight-scheduled living，turning the spontaneity (自然发生) of Just Do It into a culture of Just Plan It.‎ A third hijacker is digital entertainment that is replacing energetic life experiences with screen-based pleasures.Rather than Just Do It，we increasingly Just Watch It instead.‎ Finally，carpe diem has been hijacked by the mindfulness movement.While mindfulness has many proven benefits，from reducing stress to helping with depression，one of its unintended consequences has been to encourage the narrow idea that seizing the day is primarily about living in the here and now.Just Do It has become Just Breathe.‎ Challenged by these hijackers，the art of seizing the day is disappearing and we urgently need to do something about it，or else risk losing touch with the carpe diem wisdom of humanity that has accumulated over the past two thousand years.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。carpe diem(把握现在)是西方历史上最古老的哲学座右铭之一。在当今的流行文化中仍然能引起共鸣。但是人们对carpe diem理解不深刻，作者主张回归carpe diem的本义。‎ ‎12.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 2?‎ A.People often create different situations for carpe diem.‎ B.Carpe diem should be better interpreted than before.‎ C.People usually scratch the surface of carpe diem.‎ D.Carpe diem should be replaced with new terms.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For some it’s about taking a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity...hidden beneath the surface？”可知，作者的目的是告诉我们人们对carpe diem理解不深刻。scratch the surface “作肤浅的探讨，浅尝辄止”。]‎ ‎13.By mentioning Shakespeare in Paragraph 3，the author wants to emphasize ________.‎ A.we should try to expand the length of our life B.we should treasure every moment of our life C.we should use effective medicine to cure diseases D.we should check our phones to avoid distraction 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They are an antidote(解毒药)...and our time is running out”可知，作者谈及莎士比亚的目的是强调“我们应该珍惜生命的每一刻”。]‎ ‎14.Which of the following can best prove carpe diem has been hijacked?‎ A.Just Do It has come to mean shopping rushes.‎ B.Just Do It has come to mean a casual way of life.‎ C.Just Do It has come to mean workouts in the gym.‎ D.Just Do It has come to mean a really relieved mind.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“First，the spirit of ‘seize the day ’...Just Do It has come to mean Just Buy It”可知，“网购热”是绑架carpe diem(把握现在)的一种现象。]‎ ‎15.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?‎ A.To justify some different applications of carpe diem.‎ B.To explain the four hijackers of carpe diem nowadays.‎ C.To advocate returning to the original meaning of carpe diem.‎ D.To compare people’s different interpretations of carpe diem today.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“we urgently need to do...over the past two thousand years”可知，作者的写作目的是主张回归carpe diem的本义。]‎ 说明文一 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A ‎(2018·郑州质检)Chinese movie theaters are never running short of youth films.Youth (《芳华》) , directed by Feng Xiaogang, was released in December, 2017 and hit the screen.But this one is different：It is dedicated to the youth of our parents’ generation.‎ Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military art troupe (演出团) , in which the soldiers’ duties are to sing, dance and promote culture.He Xiaoping, a newcomer, is a talented dancer.With a painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe, yet her family background makes her the laughing stock (笑柄) among the girls.The only person who is nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and unselfish man.‎ In most youth films, the characters’ life paths are only influenced by their own choices.However, the young people in Youth are also a part of “the whirlwind (旋风) of historical changes”， as film critic Justin Chang wrote in the Los Angeles Times.In a period of more than 30 years, they have to experience the “cultural revolution” (1966—1976) and the Sino-Vietnamese War, during which Liu Feng loses one arm and He Xiaoping suffers from a mental illness.The disbandment (解散) of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.‎ They all have to learn “to make peace with the past and make the most of the present”， wrote Giovanna Fulvi on the website TIFF.‎ But there’s still something that never changes about youth.No matter what time of history it is, people share the same longing for love and beauty.Sunshine, laughter and swimming pools—these typical images of youth are all well kept in Mr.Feng’s new film.‎ According to ifeng. com, Youth is actually a nostalgic (怀旧的) and personal work that Mr.Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe.“When I look back in time，everything else in my life seems to be black and white，” he said.“The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that always remains colorful.”‎ ‎1.What influenced He Xiaoping’s and Liu Feng’s lives most?‎ A.Historical changes.‎ B.Their own personalities.‎ C.Their family backgrounds.‎ D.Their longing for love and beauty.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“However...of historical changes’”可知，历史的变化对《芳华》中的年轻人的生活的影响是非常大的，故答案是A。]‎ ‎2.Why did Feng Xiaogang direct the film Youth?‎ A.To show the cruelty of the war.‎ B.To urge people to value their youth.‎ C.To recall the days when he worked in a troupe.‎ D.To describe the life during the “cultural revolution” (1966—1976).‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“According to ifeng.com...in a troupe”可知，冯小刚拍摄《芳华》这部电影，是为了纪念自己曾经在剧团里工作过的经历，故答案是C。]‎ ‎3.What do we know about the youth in different generations according to the text?‎ A.They all treat sunshine and laughter as the typical images of themselves.‎ B.In our parents’ generation, they don’t love beauty due to hard life.‎ C.They long for totally different things varying from generation to generation.‎ D.Though they live in different times, they still have something in common.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第五段首句“But there’s still something that never changes about youth”可知，关于青春，有的东西是永远不会改变的，也就是说，青春是有共性的，故答案是D。]‎ B A good workout doesn’t just make the body stronger.It also produces a chemical that may keep depression away，scientists report.Their findings come from a new study of mice and another in a small group of people.Doctors have often prescribed exercise to help treat people with depression.The new data points to why that can work.‎ The researchers mapped out the protective activity of one chemical that the body makes during exercise.These data may help explain why exercise can heal a person in different ways，says Andrew Miller，a psychiatrist at Emory University in Atlanta.The study also may point to new ways to treat brain disorders，he adds.‎ After a good workout，muscles produce a chemical called PGC-1 alpha.It signals the body to make more blood vessels and more mitochondria (线粒体).Those mitochondria are important features of cells.They change food into the energy that powers cells.‎ The new study shows that the increase of PGC-1 alpha has benefits that reach all the way to the brain.In one set of tests，the scientists exposed mice to several things that cause stress.For instance，they reduced food for the mice and also exposed them to strobe lights and loud noises.After five weeks，the stressed mice showed signs of depression.They consumed less sweet water and did not try to swim when placed in a ‎ tank of water.‎ The researchers then conducted the same tests on mice that had been genetically altered to produce high levels of PGC-1 alpha.These mice did not show signs of depression after five weeks of stress.“Nothing happened，” said Maria Lindskog，the lead scientist.It appeared，she concluded，that “the brain was completely protected”.‎ But her team didn’t stop there.They turned to a chemical called kynurenine(犬尿素) that the body produces during stress.When they injected this chemical into their mice，the animals showed signs of depression—such as drinking less sweet water.‎ But the researchers found that PGC-1 alpha helped transform kynurenine into a different chemical.That new chemical had trouble reaching the brain.So mice whose muscles had produced high levels of PGC-1 alpha no longer became depressed.These animals seemed immune to the negative effects of kynurenine.The scientists found that PGC-1 alpha protected their brains from depression.‎ The new study shows that muscles can have a strong influence on other organs.Muscle，Lindskog concludes，“is like a detoxifying (解毒) organ”.‎ Her team looked for the same effects in people.After volunteers exercised for three weeks，their muscles produced PGC-1 alpha and other chemicals that helped lower kynurenine levels in the brain.‎ The study may point to better treatments for depression.Some people may benefit strongly from more exercise，Miller says，or from drugs that stop toxic compounds from getting to the brain.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，运动不仅让人身体强壮，还能让人心情愉悦，远离抑郁。‎ ‎4.What does PGC-1 alpha function as?‎ A.A sensory motivator. B.A cell protector.‎ C.An energy provider. D.A signal sender.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“muscles produce a chemical called...”可知，PGC-‎ ‎1 alpha是肌肉所产生的一种化学物质，它给身体传递信号，使其产生更多的血管和线粒体。由此可知，PGC-1 alpha充当了信号传递者。]‎ ‎5.Which statement may Maria’s team agree with?‎ A.Exercise is the best drug for depression.‎ B.Mice are genetically kynurenine-resistant.‎ C.PGC-1 alpha can be a defence against depression.‎ D.The more PGC-1 alpha one’s muscles produce，the better.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第七段中的“...The scientists found that PGC-1 alpha protected their brains from depression”可知，Maria的团队发现，PGC-1 alpha可以保护老鼠的大脑免受抑郁的伤害。由此可知，PGC-1 alpha可以防御抑郁。]‎ ‎6.What message does the author want to convey in this passage?‎ A.Health is wealth.‎ B.Strong body，strong mind.‎ C.No pains，no gains.‎ D.God helps those who help themselves.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章的内容尤其是第一段中的“A good workout doesn’t just make the body stronger.It also produces a chemical that may keep depression away”可知，运动不仅让人身体强壮，还能让人心情愉悦。由此可知，B项“身体强壮则情绪高”符合题意。]‎ ‎7.What’s the purpose of the passage?‎ A.To show people findings of a study.‎ B.To call on people to take more exercise.‎ C.To stress the importance of a good workout.‎ D.To state how to avoid depression through exercise.‎ 答案　A　[作者意图题。纵观全文可知，本文作者主要介绍了一项有关运动与抑郁的研究的结果，故A项最能说明作者写作本文的意图。]‎ C ‎(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)In 1880，the traveler and journalist Lafcadio Hearn was living in New Orleans and writing for a couple of local papers，Daily City Item and the Times-Democrat.Hearn sensed that New Orleans exists in a state of insidious disintegration (蜕变)— “crumbling into ashes”—thanks to its dangerous geography and its “frauds and maladministration”.And yet，Hearn wrote to a friend，“It is better to live here in sackcloth and ashes than to own the whole state of Ohio.” New Orleanians have always resembled New Yorkers; they tend to share the sense that to live anywhere else would lead inevitably to a stupid and pitiable existence beyond the bounds of understanding.‎ In part，the spirit of New Orleans is rooted in the city’s below-sealevel unsteadiness，the condition of looking out—and even up—at the water all around you，the knowledge that water saturates (浸透) the ground you stand on.Katrina，the fierce hurricane that destroyed the Gulf Coast on August 29，2005，tested the self-possession of every citizen who survived it.More than eighteen hundred people did not survive it，and hundreds of thousands lost their homes.The storm and the terrible flooding that followed—a natural disaster worsened by a range of man-made disasters—revealed much that had been fragile，or rotten，in Hearn’s time and grew worse with every decade: shabby civil engineering; corruption and inefficient government institutions; and it turned out that an Administration in Washington witnessed for days a city drowning—a largely black city drowning—and reacted with annoying indifference.And yet，in the face of abandonment—in hospitals，on rooftops，on highway overpasses—the residents of New Orleans behaved with resilience (不折不挠).Rebecca Solnit，an acute observer of Katrina and its aftermath，has written，“The belief that a Hobbesian war of all against all had broken loose justified treating the place as a crime zone or even an unfriendly country rather than a place in which grandmothers and children were trapped in frightful conditions，desperately in need of food，water，shelter and medical attention.”‎ Alec Soth，a photographer who lives in Minneapolis and travels the Midwest and the South with the energy of a latter-day Walker Evans，did not join the artists who came to New Orleans a decade ago to capture what he calls the “eye candy of rot and ‎ ruin”.Instead，he waited，preferring to capture the city of water ten years later，a city in a state of both persistent suffering and persistent renewal.Soth shows us the upsetting image of a freestanding column—all that is left of a house in the hard-hit Lower Ninth Ward—but he moves toward a vision of promise，a lonely figure at his leisure，staring into the waters of today’s New Orleans.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了美国南部城市新奥尔良。‎ ‎8.New Orleanians are similar to New Yorkers in that ________.‎ A.they refuse to leave their homeland B.they exist in insidious disintegration C.they possess dangerous geography D.they have a sense of boring existence 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“New Orleanians have always resembled...the bounds of understanding”可知，新奥尔良人和纽约人往往认为住在其他任何地方将不可避免地导致愚蠢、可悲的存在，由此可判断，新奥尔良人和纽约人的相似之处在于他们都拒绝离开他们的家乡。故选A项。]‎ ‎9.What can we know from the hurricane Katrina and its damaging consequences?‎ A.A range of man-made disasters led to the fierce hurricane.‎ B.The hurricane happened following a terrible flooding.‎ C.The American government failed to provide help and support.‎ D.The residents of New Orleans have a deep hatred for governors.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...it turned out that an Administration in Washington witnessed for days a city drowning—a largely black city drowning—and reacted with annoying indifference”可知，在飓风袭击城市，导致城市被淹时，政府并没有提供支持和帮助。故选C项。]‎ ‎10.Why did Alec Soth refuse to join other artists to take photos of New Orleans a decade ago?‎ A.He also treated New Orleans as a crime zone.‎ B.He had high expectations of the future of New Orleans.‎ C.He couldn’t put up with the suffering the hurricane caused.‎ D.He was traveling the Midwest and the South with Walker Evans.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead，he waited...staring into the waters of today’s New Orleans”可推知，十年前Alec Soth拒绝跟其他艺术家一起拍摄受到飓风袭击的新奥尔良的图片，因为他关注的是这座城市十年后的情景，他对新奥尔良的未来有很高的期待。故选B项。]‎ D A little social support from your best buds goes a long way，whether you’re a human or a chimpanzee (黑猩猩).A new study that followed a chimpanzee community in the forests of Uganda has found that quality time with close companions significantly decreased stress hormone levels in the primates—whether they were resting，grooming or facing off against rival groups.‎ The findings，described this week in the journal Nature Communications，shed light on the physiological effects of close companionship on chimpanzees—and could have implications for human health too.‎ Researchers have long known that stress can worsen health and raise the risk of early death in humans as well as other social mammals.‎ ‎“It can have effects on immune function，cardio function，fertility，cognition，and even your mood，” said study co-author Kevin Langergraber，a primatologist at Arizona State University.‎ Maintaining close social bonds can help these animals (humans included) reduce some of that stress，potentially minimizing some health risks.But scientists have yet to pin down the exact physiological mechanisms at work.‎ ‎“Social bonds make you survive and produce better—but how do they do that？” Langergraber said.‎ To find out，the international team of researchers studied members of the Sonso chimpanzee community in Uganda’s Budongo Forest，a group consisting of 15 males，35 females and 28 juveniles and infants during the study period from February 2008 to July 2010.‎ Like humans，chimpanzees tend to have besties—bond partners with whom they appear to feel close.The researchers wanted to see whether interactions with these ‎ bond partners led to lower stress levels during particularly stressful situations，such as when fighting rival groups，or whether time spent with friends helped lower stress levels more generally，throughout the day.‎ The scientists observed the chimps perform three types of activities：resting，grooming or quarrelling with other groups of chimps.The researchers kept track of whether the chimps were doing any of these three things with their bond partners or with other chimps in their group.‎ A team of up to six observers watched the chimps and followed them around to collect urine (尿液) samples.The samples，collected from nine adult male and eight adult female chimps，were tested to see how much of the stress hormone cortisol they contained.‎ The scientists found that chimpanzees’ levels of urinary cortisol were 23% lower，on average，during the activities when they were with their bond partner.This was especially true for stressful activities，such as the intergroup rivalries，where any chimp on the front line might face physical harm or even death.‎ The findings in chimpanzees，some of our closest living relatives，could shed light on the role such close social relationships play in human health too，he said.Such friendships may be just as important during good times as bad—though more research needs to be done before any conclusions can be drawn.‎ ‎“This has interest for a lot of people in a medical context as well，”Langergraber said.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。一项研究探究了友谊对人乃至大猩猩的重要性。‎ ‎11.The scientists carried out research into a chimpanzee community in Uganda ________.‎ A.to seek evidence of benefits of social bonds from physiological angles B.to uncover whether social bonds make humans survive C.to study how chimps perform three types of activities D.to train chimps to maintain close social bonds with each other 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第五段“Maintaining close social bonds can...the exact ‎ physiological mechanisms at work”，第六段中的“Social bonds make you survive and produce better—but how do they do that”和第七段“To find out，the international team of researchers studied...July 2010”可推断，科学家们对黑猩猩群落进行研究是为了从生理角度寻求能证明社会关系的益处的证据。故选A项。]‎ ‎12.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 10 refer to?‎ A.Observers. B.Chimpanzees.‎ C.Urine samples. D.Bond partners.‎ 答案　C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段的“A team of up to six observers watched the chimps and followed them around to collect urine (尿液) samples”和“The samples，collected from nine adult male and eight adult female chimps...”可知，这些尿液被观察员用来检验以了解尿液中含有多少压力荷尔蒙皮质醇。故此处they指的是尿液样本。故选C项。]‎ ‎13.The chimps’ levels of urinary cortisol decrease most when ________.‎ A.they are with other chimps in their group B.they face the intergroup rivalries with friends C.they perform three different types of activities D.they spend time with friends throughout the day 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第十一段“The scientists found that...might face physical harm or even death”可推断，当黑猩猩和朋友一起面对群体间的较量时，它们的尿皮质醇水平下降最多。故选B项。]‎ ‎14.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A.To point out stress is harmful to all social mammals.‎ B.To illustrate how chimps control their stress level.‎ C.To urge scientists to do more research into chimpanzees.‎ D.To inform us friendships benefit both chimps and humans.‎ 答案　D　[作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项探究友谊对人乃至大猩猩的重要性的研究的结果。故作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们友谊对黑猩猩和人都有利。故选D项。]‎ 说明文二 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A ‎(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)In modern society，it is usually considered good to be an extroverted (外向的) person.This means that life can be hard for introverted people.Their talents and abilities are often not recognized.‎ Some people often try to make introverts more outgoing.They think that being an introvert is a problem.But there is nothing wrong about being an introvert.Introverts are not necessarily afraid of meeting and talking to others.They simply prefer to spend time on their own，away from the crowds.They like reading，writing and taking walks in the countryside.But extroverts need other people.If they spend a lot of time on their own，they get bored.They tend to be impulsive and talk a lot.‎ Our society puts a lot of pressure on people to be extrovert，to be outgoing and self-confident on every occasion.Susan Cain，the author of the book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking，has spoken about this problem.“I was nine years old，” Cain says.“In my suitcase there were lots of books.This seemed normal to me，because in our family we always read a lot.I thought it would be the same at summer camp.But I was wrong.To create camp spirit，all the children had to sing a cheer every morning.I couldn’t understand why.In the evening，I took out a book from my suitcase.But another girl said，‘Why are you being so quiet？’ The second time I took out a book，the counselor(辅导员) came to see me.She told me to remember the camp spirit and that it was important to be outgoing.”‎ At work，extroverts often do well.At job interviews，it is usually good to appear extrovert.It suggests that you will be good at the job.But it is wrong to think that only extroverts are good leaders.Introverts work in different ways to extroverts，but they can still do really great things.Darwin，for example，was a quiet，family man.He often took long walks so that he could think clearly.But Darwin’s ideas about evolution were revolutionary.‎ Introverts must understand that it is perfectly okay to be the way they are.It is not ‎ necessary to want to be the center of attention.You don’t have to take part in noisy，social activities if you don’t want to.And it is not necessary to try to become more outgoing.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。讨论的是有关外向型的人和内向型的人在性格上的差异及在生活中的表现等内容。‎ ‎1.This sentence “Introverts are generally misunderstood.” should be put at the beginning of Paragraph ________.‎ A.Two B.Three ‎ C.Four D.Five 答案　A　[推理判断题。题干所给的句子意为“性格内向的人常常被误解”，而第二段主要讲的是人们对性格内向的人的误解，所以这句话放在第二段开头最合适。故选A。]‎ ‎2.Paragraph 3 is constructed by means of ________.‎ A.analyzing reasons B.giving examples C.listing arguments D.comparing facts 答案　B　[推理判断题。第三段以一位作家的例子来说明，我们所处的社会希望每个人在任何场合都能够外向、开朗且自信。故选B。]‎ ‎3.What can we infer from the passage?‎ A.The talents and abilities of extroverts are usually ignored.‎ B.Some introverts feel caught between nature and social pressure.‎ C.Only extroverts are good leaders with better interpersonal skills.‎ D.It is necessary for introverts to try to become more outgoing.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段和第五段的内容可知，社会是非常青睐性格外向的人的，但做自己才是最重要的，性格内向的人不必为了适应这种趋势而强行改变自己的性格，由此可以推知，一些性格内向的人处于适应社会需求还是坚持自己性格的两难之间。故选B。]‎ B With Apple’s iPhone 7 and Google’s new Pixel phones putting such an emphasis on powerful camera technology，smartphone photography is more powerful than ‎ ever.And while phones typically have great built-in photography apps，many other options can be easier or expand your range.‎ ProCamera is an excellent option for iOS devices.Using this app feels like raising a single-lens reflex camera(单反相机) to your eye.With a few taps on the screen，you can display a grid to help compose a shot properly and a guide to warn if your composition is tilted (倾斜的).You can also control the white balance and bring up a live histogram (直方图) that shows how strong the colors in the final photo will be.There are quick-access buttons to shoot in video，photo，high dynamic range or other modes and there’s even a bar code scanner option.Most impressive is ProCamera’s anti-shake feature，which waits for you to stop moving before it activates the shutter.In the settings menu，you can control most of the app’s features and select how much compression is applied to the final saved images.In other words，the app gives users professional-level control of an image.‎ Because of its complexity，ProCamera takes a while to get used to，and the exact features depend on which iPhone you have.The app costs $ 5 and some features，like a low-light mode to help shoot better pictures at night，are upgrades that cost a few dollars each.It’s definitely worth it.‎ On Android，one app equivalent to ProCamera is Camera FV-5.This app also feels like using a single-lens reflex camera，with similar manual control.Camera FV-5 includes features like a live histogram，burst mode shooting，exposure bracketing and time-lapse imagery.It also offers choices over the kind of files it saves to your device，and has a comprehensive settings page.Unlike some other Android camera apps，Camera FV-5 has a professional-looking and easy-to-use interface.It costs $4.‎ To edit a perfect portrait or landscape photo，Adobe’s software is the choice of professional photographers.There is a version for mobile devices too—Adobe Photoshop Fix—which lets you heal an image’s defect，adjust shadow intensity，fix the contrast or add effects.Mastering the features of Photoshop Fix will take time，but your final images don’t look too artificial with the application of Photoshop Fix.Its interface is sometimes confusing，but the app has built-in help and，best of all，is free for both iOS and Android.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三款可以用在智能手机上的图片处理应用软件。‎ ‎4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A.To introduce some powerful smartphone photography apps.‎ B.To advertise some apps for your smartphone photography.‎ C.To show the features of some built-in apps of photography.‎ D.To promote advanced camera technology of smartphones.‎ 答案　A　[作者意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三款供智能手机使用的图片处理应用软件：ProCamera、Camera FV-5以及Adobe Photoshop Fix。故选A。]‎ ‎5.What can we learn about ProCamera?‎ A.It can be a single-lens reflex camera to your eye.‎ B.It can adjust the light effects of the final image.‎ C.It can be updated automatically upon the purchase.‎ D.It can inform users of images being too complex.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第四句话可知，用户使用这款软件处理图片的话，可以控制最终成像的颜色亮度，即可以调节最终图片的光效。故选B。]‎ ‎6.The underlined word “equivalent” in Paragraph 4 means ________.‎ A.comparable B.familiar C.relevant D.suited 答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中讲述的ProCamera的软件属性及第四段中讲述的Camera FV-5的软件特点可知，画线词所在句表示的是Camera FV-5和ProCamera的软件功能相同，画线词意为“类似的，相同的”，故选A。]‎ ‎7.If you want to make your photo true-to-life，you turn to ________.‎ A.anti-shake technology B.Adobe’s software C.a live histogram D.built-in help 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话中的“...but your final images don’t look too artificial with the application of Photoshop Fix”可知，用Adobe的软件Photoshop Fix处理的图片显得更加真实，故选B。]‎ C ‎(2018·苏州市高三调研测试)Robotic surgery is one thing，but sending a robot inside the body to carry out an operation quite another，which has long been a goal of some researchers to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut，the possibility of which has just got a bit closer.‎ However，unlike the plot of one film—which featured a microscopic crew and submarine traveling through a scientist’s bloodstream—this device could not be inserted into blood vessels(管) because it is too big.While other types of miniature swallowable robots have been developed in the past years，their role has mostly been limited to capturing images inside the body.In a presentation this week to an International Conference，Daniela Rus and Shuhei Miyashita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology described a robot they have developed that can be swallowed and used to collect dangerous objects accidentally taken in.‎ To test their latest version，Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita designed a robot as a battery hunter，which might seem to be an odd task，but more than 3，500 people in America alone，most of them children，swallow the tiny button cells used in small electronic devices by accident every year.To start with，the researchers created an artificial esophagus (食道)and stomach made out of silicone(硅胶).It is closely modeled on that found in a pig and filled with medical liquid; the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials，including pig intestines (肠)，and contains a little magnet.This is folded up and encased in a 10mm×27mm capsule of ice.Once this reaches the stomach the ice melts and the robot unfolds which is moved and guided with the use of a magnetic field outside the body.In their tests，the robot was able to touch a button battery and draw it with its own magnet，and during dragging it along，the robot could then be directed towards the intestines where it would eventually be ‎ gotten rid of through the anus (肛门).After it，the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery burn to speed up healing.‎ The artificial stomach being transparent on one side，the researchers were able to see the batteries and visually control the robots.If not，that will require help with the help of the imaging system，which will be a bit more of a challenge，but Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita are determined to succeed.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款最新的可以被置于人体中给人类“做手术”的机器人。‎ ‎8.According to the passage，the robot operation will probably be able to ________.‎ A.travel through a scientist’s bloodstream B.photograph the body to convey messages to the doctor C.enter the body to deliver drugs or make repairs D.operate on a person outside the body completely 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs”可知，该款机器人能够进入到人体中输送药物或进行治疗。故答案为C。]‎ ‎9.We learn from Paragraph 3 that ________.‎ A.the researchers did the experiment on a chosen animal B.the robot took necessary drugs besides a little magnet C.digesting the swallowed batteries is difficult for children D.the actual size of the robot may be larger than the capsule of ice 答案　D　[推理判断题。文章第三段讲了机器人的实验操作原理“...This is folded up and encased in a 10mm×27mm capsule of ice.Once this reaches the stomach the ice melts and the robot unfolds”，即把机器人折叠后包裹在冰块胶囊里，然后胶囊在胃里融化后，机器人会随之展开。故由此可推出机器人的实际大小比冰块胶囊的要大。]‎ ‎10.What may the experiment mean to the medical world?‎ A.The surgeries will cost patients much money.‎ B.Patients will suffer less for some surgeries.‎ C.Fewer children will swallow the button cells.‎ D.A robot will be invented traveling blood vessels.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...without the need for a single cut”以及第三段中的“After it，the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery burn to speed up healing”可知，这种机器人治疗无须对身体动刀；且机器人可以输送药物到指定位置以帮助身体加快痊愈。故答案为B。]‎ ‎11.Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A.An Experiment on Robots B.Tiny Robot，Significant Role C.The Fantastic Robotic Voyage D.The Exploration of Robot Technology 答案　C　[标题判断题。文章第一段主要介绍了“Robotic surgery”的概念；第二段继续阐明主题并引出了新研发的可被吞咽的机器人；第三段具体说明了这种机器人的工作原理；最后一段总结了这种机器人的优势并表明了研究者们的展望。所以C “奇幻的机器人之旅”作文章的标题生动形象。]‎ D ‎(2017·江苏镇高三第一次模拟)‎ Spatial navigation (空间导航) relies on brain regions that are commonly affected by the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.Before severe and obvious memory problems set in and people are diagnosed with dementia (痴呆)，they might report problems with finding their way around and frequently get lost in familiar neighborhoods.In that early stage，however，it is difficult to know whether their damaged navigational skills are actually due to the disease or simply a part of normal aging—because we currently don’t have a firm grasp on what “normal” is.‎ In their recent study，Spiers and his colleagues aimed to change that by establishing a common baseline for adults’ navigational skills，which naturally decline with age.For that，the researchers needed large numbers of people—hence the idea for crowdsourcing the experiment via a gaming APP that measures spatial navigation ability.‎ Navigating inside a game may not be exactly the same as finding one’s way in a ‎ real-world situation.But people are likely to use the same cognitive mechanisms (认知机制) in both situations.“If you are good at navigating，you’ll do well in the game.And if you are bad at finding your way out there，you’ll also struggle in the video game，” Spiers says，adding that their team still plans to compare the game performance with real-life performance in the near future.‎ Since its launch in May，some 2.5 million healthy people have played Sea Hero Quest，making it one of the most impressive scientific experiments to date just by the sheer number of participants.“To my knowledge，never before has spatial navigation been quantified on such a large scale，” says Katherine Possin，an assistant professor of neuropsychology at the University of California，San Francisco，who was not involved with the research.‎ So far one of the main findings coming out of Sea Hero Quest is a simple linear decline with age: From the age 19 onward，spatial navigation steadily worsens from year to year.The 19-year-olds were able to remember their starting point and accurately hit it by shooting a flare (信号弹) back to that position 74 percent of the time.Those aged 75 succeeded only 46 percent of the time.‎ Another finding is that men appear to perform better than women on these specific tasks.Although this finding seems to fit with the long-held assumption that men are better navigators，rather it may reflect that males have more experience with games.The researchers tried to account for this possibility，yet still found a gender difference in performance.Spiers notes，however，that the games boys and girls play in early childhood—which could influence brain development and spatial skills—are much harder to account for.“The question is why.And we don’t have an answer yet，” Spiers says.“We are really skimming the surface.There’s so much data from everyone who’s played the game.We have two years of analysis ahead of us.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是科普说明文。一项新的研究发现人们的空间导航能力会随着年龄的增长而降低，且这种能力也受性别差异的影响。‎ ‎12.What is the main purpose in experimenting via gaming?‎ A.To compare Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging.‎ B.To provide a baseline measure of navigation ability.‎ C.To figure out the way of dealing with dementia.‎ D.To find out how to firmly grasp what “normal” is.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Spiers和他的同事们通过游戏做试验旨在提供导航能力的基线衡量标准。故选B项。]‎ ‎13.According to the third paragraph，what Spiers says indicates that ________.‎ A.the levels of performance in both situations are tightly correlated B.the popularity of the game makes itself a more impressive experiment C.the plan to compare the game and real life has been carefully made D.the scale of the game is so large that it is difficult to quantify 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you are good at navigating...in the video game”可知，如果擅长导航，你就会在游戏中做得好；如果你不善于找到出路，你就会在电子游戏中挣扎。由此可推断，Spiers所说的话表明，这两种情形的表现水平是紧密相关的。故选A项。]‎ ‎14.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?‎ A.Men were assumed to be better game players long before.‎ B.Spatial navigation betters steadily from the age 19 onward.‎ C.The reason for data being analysed is hard to account for.‎ D.The findings reveal variations based on age and gender.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容，尤其是第五段第一句和第六段前三句可知，该项研究发现表明人们的空间导航能力会基于年龄和性别的不同而发生变化。故选D项。]‎ 六道题专练一 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A This year’s four hundredth anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare is not just ‎ an opportunity to commemorate(纪念) one of the greatest playwrights of all time.It is a moment to celebrate the extraordinary ongoing influence of the great man.‎ ‎__①__ Shakespeare’s legacy is without parallel: his works translated into over 100 languages and studied by half the world’s schoolchildren.As one of his contemporaries，Ben Jonson said Shakespeare was “not of an age，but for all time”.He lives today in our language，our culture and society—and through his enduring influence on education.‎ ‎__②__ Shakespeare played a critical role in shaping modern English and helping to make it the world’s language.The first major dictionary compiled(编纂) by Samuel Johnson drew on Shakespeare more than any other writer.Three thousand new words and phrases all first appeared in print in Shakespeare’s plays.Shakespeare pioneered innovative use of grammatical form and structure while the pre-eminence(卓越) of his plays also did much to standardize spelling and grammar.‎ ‎__③__ His words，his plots and his characters continue to inspire our culture and society.Nelson Mandela，while a prisoner on Robben Island，cherished a quote from The Tragedy of Julius Caesar which said，“Cowards die many times before their deaths.The valiant never taste of death but once.” From Dickens and Goethe to Tchaikovsky，Verdi and Brahms; from Arthur Laurents’ West Side Story to the Hamlet-inspired title of Agatha Christie’s “The Mousetrap”—the longest-running theatre production in London’s West End today，Shakespeare’s influence is everywhere.And his original plays continue to entertain millions.‎ ‎__④__ But perhaps one of the most exciting legacies of Shakespeare is his capacity(能力) to educate.As we see from the outreach work of the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare’s Globe and the impact of pioneering British charities like the Shakespeare Schools Festival，studying and performing Shakespeare can help improve literacy，confidence and educational attainments.‎ Every day throughout the year，Britain is inviting you to join us in celebrating the life and legacy of William Shakespeare.On 5 January，Twelfth Night，we launched “Shakespeare Lives”—an exciting global programme of activities and events to highlight his enduring influence and extend the use of Shakespeare as an educational ‎ resource to advance literacy around the world.‎ The programme will run in more than seventy countries，led by the British Council and the GREAT Britain campaign.You can share your favourite moment of Shakespeare on social media，watch never-before-seen performances on stage，film and online，visit exhibitions，take part in workshops and debates，and access new Shakespearean educational resources to get a grip on the English language.‎ The Royal Shakespeare Company will tour China; Shakespeare’s Globe will perform across the world from Iraq to Denmark.Young people will reimagine Shakespeare in Zimbabwe.A social media campaign called “Play Your Part” will invite the next generation of creative talent to produce their own digital tribute to the Bard—and，in partnership with the British charity Voluntary Service Overseas，we will raise awareness of the huge challenge of global child illiteracy (文盲) and use Shakespeare to increase educational opportunities for children around the world.‎ Beyond the great gift of language，bringing our history to life，his ongoing influence on our culture and his ability to educate there is just the immense power of Shakespeare to inspire people.From the most famous love story to the greatest tragedy，from the most powerful fantasy to the wittiest comedy，and from the most memorable speeches to his many legendary characters，in William Shakespeare we have one man，whose vast imagination，boundless creativity and instinct for humanity encompass the whole of the human experience as no one has before or since.‎ So，however you choose to play your part，please join us in this unique opportunity to celebrate the life and enduring legacy of this man，ensuring that，as he himself put it，“all the world’s a stage”and that through his legacy，truly，Shakespeare Lives.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在莎士比亚去世400周年之际英国将在全球举办一系列活动来纪念这位为全人类作出巨大贡献的伟人。‎ ‎1.Which is one of Shakespeare’s contributions to language?‎ A.Popularizing English.‎ B.Creating new spellings.‎ C.Simplifying grammar.‎ D.Producing professional dictionaries.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Shakespeare played a critical role in shaping modern English and helping to make it the world’s language”可知，莎士比亚在使英语成为世界性的语言方面起了重要的作用。故选A项。]‎ ‎2.Which is the best place for “But Shakespeare’s influence is felt far beyond our language.”？‎ A.① B.② ‎ C.③ D.④‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。第三段主要讲述了莎士比亚在语言方面的贡献，第四段及之后的内容则主要讲述了莎士比亚在其他方面的影响。如词汇、情节、人物特征等，故题干中所给的句子“但是莎士比亚的影响远不止语言”应置于第四段段首，起承上启下的作用。]‎ ‎3.What does the reference to West Side Story and The Mousetrap suggest?‎ A.The great success of the two works.‎ B.Shakespeare’s wide power on other writers.‎ C.People’s strong preference for musicals.‎ D.The high popularity of Shakespeare’s works.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His words，his plots and his characters continue to inspire our culture and society”可知，莎士比亚对我们的文化和社会产生了很大的影响；下文列举的“from Arthur Laurents’ West Side Story to the Hamlet-inspired title of Agatha Christie’s‘The Mousetrap’”则是具体体现，这两部作品的创作也受到了莎士比亚的启发，即莎士比亚对其他作家也有广泛的影响力。故选B项。]‎ ‎4.What can we know about “Shakespeare Lives”？‎ A.It is a charity programme launched online.‎ B.It has provided free education for many poor children.‎ C.It aims to impress more people with Shakespeare’s influence.‎ D.It makes some of Shakespeare’s works public for the first time.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“we launched ‘Shakespeare Lives’...around the world”可知，该活动旨在让莎士比亚的影响力深入人心。]‎ ‎5.The underlined word “encompass” is closest in meaning to “________”.‎ A.expand B.include C.appreciate D.improve 答案　B　[词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“From the most famous love story to...his many legendary characters”可知，莎士比亚的作品涉及面很广，他广阔的想象力，无限的创作力和对人性的透彻理解涵盖了人类的所有阅历，达到了“前无古人，后无来者”的境界。画线词意为“涵盖，包括”。]‎ ‎6.What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A.To show Shakespeare is a great playwright.‎ B.To prove Shakespeare’s influence is everywhere.‎ C.To introduce some influential works of Shakespeare.‎ D.To attract people to a programme in honor of Shakespeare.‎ 答案　D　[作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文由莎士比亚的影响力入手引出了号召人们参与为纪念莎士比亚而举办的一系列活动的主题。最后一段中的“please join us in this unique opportunity to celebrate the life and enduring legacy of this man”是关键提示。]‎ B ‎(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)‎ Michael Herr，who has died aged 76，was the author of Dispatches (1977)，the best book about the Vietnam War.Herr also made vital contributions to two of the best films on the war，Apocalypse Now and Full Metal Jacket.‎ It took Herr eight years to write Dispatches，in part because he went home from Saigon with a bad case of stress disorder.He had gone to Vietnam as a correspondent for Esquire magazine.An American general asked him whether he was there to write about military fashion，and another whether he was there to write humour.No，he told them.He wrote little for Esquire，but took advantage of the US government’s decision to allow correspondents extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers.He shared their discomforts and their fears，witnessed their death and recorded their language.‎ His own language，a stream of consciousness pulsing with energy，but masterfully ‎ controlled，captured the fear and the horror，but also the excitement，of the war in the jungle and paddy fields.“So much beauty”，he recalled “and so much pleasure”.He recorded with a connoisseur’s expertise (行家专长) such details as the many ways in which soldiers would wish each other good luck，and the degrees of madness that were considered acceptable.‎ He identified with the young soldiers and learned in the first few days that you could not affect neutrality (中立).“If__you__are__neutral，you__don’t__get__it，” said he.He generally did not carry a weapon，though on occasion he did fire at Vietnamese in emergencies.The young soldiers，he said，“are my guns”.‎ The power of the book，perhaps，comes from Herr’s insistence on describing the war，or more precisely his own responses to it，rather than protesting (抗议) against it.It also comes from the ceaseless accompaniment of two elements，drugs and music—more particularly rock music，and especially the music of Jimi Hendrix.Herr himself spent drug-fuelled weekends in a flat in Saigon，staring at an ancient French map of Indochina，and he never caught a helicopter without a Hendrix record.‎ He met soldiers with a left pocket full of Dexedrine，the “upper” officially administered by the army to get them into battle，and a right pocket full of “downers” to get them through it.Dispatches did not come out until 1977，when the country was beginning to keep its mind on other problems，but it did more，perhaps，than any other book to freeze an image of despair and a sense of waste about the war，rather as the trench poets of 1914-1918 did in Britain.‎ Herr also made vital contributions to two of the most influential Vietnam films.He wrote Martin Sheen’s voice-over for Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now and later wrote the screenplay for Stanley Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket.His work，in the book and the two films，has been seen as part of the process whereby the US came to see itself and its history no longer merely through traditional literature，but in sounds and images，in ways that prefigured (预示) the Internet.‎ In 1980 Herr moved to London，where he stayed until he moved back to the US in 1991.It was there that he met Stanley Kubrick，who became a close friend，though ‎ Herr warned against doing business with him.Herr wrote Kubrick’s biography，but he wrote surprisingly little else after Dispatches.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了著名作家Michael Herr。‎ ‎7.Why did Michael Herr go to Vietnam during the war years?‎ A.To join the soldiers in military actions.‎ B.To report military actions and advances.‎ C.To give an authentic account of the war.‎ D.To write about military fashion and humour.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He had gone to Vietnam as a correspondent for Esquire magazine”，“...allow correspondents extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers”和“He shared their discomforts and their fears，witnessed their death and recorded their language”可知，Michael Herr作为随军记者去了越南并真实地记录了这场战争中的点点滴滴。]‎ ‎8.What can we infer from Michael Herr’s statement underlined in Paragraph 4?‎ A.It was impossible to remain neutral during the war.‎ B.It was unnecessary to show pity for the war victims.‎ C.Neutrality is a means to keep you safe during the war.‎ D.Neutrality can help the civilians free from sufferings.‎ 答案　A　[句意理解题。根据第四段第一句话中的“...you could not affect neutrality (中立)”可知，Michael Herr认识到在战场上是没有中立的立场的，再结合画线句的字面含义可知，此处指的是在战争中保持中立是不可能的。]‎ ‎9.Which of the following about Dispatches is true?‎ A.It fully describes Herr’s protest against the war.‎ B.Its language is casually selected and organized.‎ C.Music and drugs give the author inspiration.‎ D.It truly reflects Herr’s responses to the war.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句可知，这本书真实地反映了Michael Herr对战争的看法。]‎ ‎10.US soldiers brought drugs with them during the war most probably because ________.‎ A.they were addicted to drugs B.they suffered stress disorder C.they used them to cure the wounds D.they exchanged them for music records 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第六段第一句话中的“soldiers with a left pocket full of Dexedrine...‘downers’ to get them through it”可知，士兵们上战场会带中枢神经兴奋剂和镇静剂，由此可推知，B项正确。]‎ ‎11.Which of the following can best describe Herr’s attitude towards the war?‎ A.Supportive. B.Uninterested.‎ C.Disapproving. D.Neutral.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句话中的“...freeze an image of despair and a sense of waste about the war”可知，Michael Herr对战争是持反对态度的。]‎ ‎12.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?‎ A.Herr’s work offered Americans more ways to know themselves.‎ B.Herr stopped writing after the book Dispatches was published.‎ C.Herr rejected his friend’s request to write a biography for him.‎ D.Herr’s work played a positive role in the birth of the Internet.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“His work，in the book and the two films，has been seen as part of the process whereby the US came to see itself and its history...”可知，Michael Herr的作品让美国人以更多的方式增进了对自身的了解。]‎ C ‎(2018·苏州市高三调研测试)‎ Nelle Harper Lee，better known by her pen name Harper Lee，was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird，published in 1960.Immediately successful，it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature.In 1991 an organization conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had “made a difference” in their lives.The result? Lee’s book trailed only The Bible.Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain，this novel ‎ remains one of the most widely taught books nationwide，reaching about 70% of American public schools.What makes it such a typical read for young people?‎ English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves.In the folds of dusty books，students can make contact with humanity beyond the shallow small talk of the school hallways.Disturbed by hormones and anxiety，teenagers get through school with confusion and frustration.Literature is a safety valve (安全阀)—it promises relief，a place to figure out one’s problems and get to know oneself better.‎ The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect.It speaks in a child’s voice without treating its readership as children.Some critics have called it an “impossible” achievement，a children’s book penned by a well-educated adult—it’s unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world.But that’s exactly what makes it such a charming，attractive read for young people.It indicates the consciousness of a well-educated adult facing difficult realities，but describes it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.‎ Gaby Hick，a third-year student focused on English literature at Brown University，calls it “one of the first books that kids and young adults read and that deal with serious issues—rape，race，mental issues”.She adds，“The story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.” The book’s setting，a small town in Alabama affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s，may appear very different from the experience of most kids reading it today.But Lee’s words make her story feel alive and present.‎ In 2006，however，critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the book’s avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker.But her novel makes a great teaching tool for teenagers precisely because its moral view is as clear as that of one of Aesop’s fables.That absence of ambiguity in this novel doesn’t mean the novel is free of challenging ideas，either.Will Serratelli，another literature student at Brown says，“There aren’t many hard moral questions being asked...but it opens up all these other questions that I hadn’t thought about before.My English teachers always asked，‘Do ‎ you sympathize with this character? Would you want to hang out with them？’ When you give a kid a book where those questions don’t even need to be asked，it__forces__them__to__dig__deeper.”‎ Mallon’s criticism is accurate in that this novel may present too limited a view of racism in America.That’s especially problematic because it is one of the only books consistently assigned to American students that acknowledge racial discrimination at all.However，To Kill a Mockingbird may owe some of its popularity as a teaching text to the fact that the narrative voice is a white one.Naomi Varnis，an African Studies student at Brown says，“It’s another practice of telling stories about black people through white central characters.”‎ While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom，English teachers may do well to consider that it is a white author’s perspective—and ought to be the only beginning of a dialogue about race and never the final word.But as a gateway to more mature ideas，and as a YA (young adult) distillation (提炼)of complex concepts young people may not have grasped before，Lee’s novel is invaluable.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了美国著名小说家Nelle Harper Lee及人们对她的作品的一些看法。‎ ‎13.According to the passage，the novel To Kill a Mockingbird can help us ________.‎ A.know more about the past U.S.economic situation B.understand what the real personality of humans is C.reduce much anxiety for fear of losing ourselves D.find and deal with some other complicated questions 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Literature is a safety valve (安全阀)—it promises relief，a place to figure out one’s problems and get to know oneself better”可知，文学是一个安全阀，它给人们提供慰藉，能帮助人们发现自身的问题并更好地了解自己。故答案为C。]‎ ‎14.What does the underlined word “trailed” most probably mean in Paragraph 1 ?‎ A.Was as good as.‎ B.Tried hard to defeat.‎ C.Went along the same route as.‎ D.Had a lower score than.‎ 答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“Alongside the words of Shakespeare...70% of American public schools”，再结合画线词所在句中的“only”可知，此处指这部小说只是“落后于”《圣经》，也就是指得分比《圣经》少。trail在此处作动词，意为“落后”。]‎ ‎15.What can we conclude from Will Serratelli’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5 ?‎ A.The kids are motivated to think further.‎ B.The kids have to face more moral questions.‎ C.The kids tend to sympathize with the characters.‎ D.The kids are unwilling to answer challenging questions.‎ 答案　A　[句意理解题。根据第五段中的“There aren’t many hard moral...that I hadn’t thought about before”可知，这部小说培养了学生进一步思考的能力。再结合画线句的字面意思可知，此处表示激励孩子们更深刻地思考。故答案为A。]‎ ‎16.Why is the novel well received by teenagers in the U.S.?‎ A.Because it reveals racial discrimination in America.‎ B.Because it makes some serious adult issues accessible.‎ C.Because a white author tells the stories about black people.‎ D.Because it is widely used as a tool for moral judgments in society.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。结合第四段中的“one of the first books that...accessible because of Scout”可知，这部小说之所以在美国受到青少年的欢迎是因为其揭示了一些严肃的成人问题。]‎ ‎17.Who points out straight the shortcoming of the novel?‎ A.Thomas Mallon. B.Naomi Varnis.‎ C.Will Serratelli. D.Gaby Hick.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In 2006，however，critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the book’s avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker”可知，批评家Thomas Mallon表达了他对这本书的遗憾，也就意味着他指出了这本书的缺点。]‎ ‎18.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A.To tell us about the content of the novel.‎ B.To introduce some different comments.‎ C.To explain the reasons for its popularity.‎ D.To approve of the creative writing style.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是从文中的“it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature”，“But as a gateway to more mature ideas...Lee’s novel is invaluable”等关键提示可以看出，作者写作本文主要是为了阐述To Kill a Mockingbird这部小说的成功以及其受到欢迎的原因。故答案选C。]‎ 六道题专练二 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A ‎(2018·镇江市高三一模)One steamy July afternoon in Central Arkansas，I was working on an important project in my home office with a dear friend and colleague.My trusty printer was churning out (快速生产) a time-sensitive report when it simply stopped.After fifteen minutes of trying to repair，I decided to buy a new printer.Upon our return，my heart froze to see my house on fire.‎ Despite having spent much of my life writing，I was still lost for adequate words to describe the sick，sinking feeling of seeing my home，business，and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories collected over a lifetime.But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after being rescued from situations of abuse and abandonment.‎ Responding to an early security system warning，the amazing firefighters arrived in record time，but the chemical-laden smoke had already caused deaths.I examined and kissed each cat goodbye，extremely grateful that they had passed away gently，without injuries or burns.‎ Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact that the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart，mind and soul.The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me reeling(发蒙).‎ After staying with another great friend for a couple of weeks，I was relocated to a furnished apartment.One evening，about a month after moving in，I was occupied in writing a mystery novel when a falsetto “meow” sounded from outside the apartment door.Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard，seen or felt the brush of one of my departed furry roommates.The meow grew louder and more insistent.Curious，I opened the door.‎ Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten (小猫) with an exotic black coat and alert amber eyes.A neighbor walking by picked him up and began petting him.When I remarked how cute her kitten was，she explained that he had been born under a bridge and looked around for food.This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home.My immediate reaction was a facetious (开玩笑的) “that’s all I need！” After__all，my__resolution__(决心)__had__been__well__reasoned__and__remained__firm.But without hesitation she put the adorable kitten down.I thanked her and closed the door，resolved to just let him stay until a real home could be found.‎ That night，as I slid between the sheets of the still unfamiliar bed in the still unfamiliar apartment，the energetic little furball jumped onto the bed，yawned dramatically，and nestled by my side.Those who have never shared a sleep with a creature or two may not relate，but that was the first night since the fire that I actually slept.Stubbornly determined not to open myself to more animals—to more pain—I had refused to admit how desperately I missed having a warm fuzzy cuddled (依偎) close.‎ Needless to say，the cat community knew the precise prescription for healing far better than I.The name Starlight (Star for short) seemed perfect because that night he brought some light back into my life.‎ Star adores wrestling rubber bands，races up and down the stairs，darts outside anytime the door opens，suddenly appears everywhere I don’t want him to be，holds onto the broom while I’m trying to sweep，and rolls in catnip or whatever else happens to be on the floor.In hindsight (事后看来)，a better name might have been “Star，Stop It！”‎ In the five years since the fire，we have been through a lot，Starlight and I.We returned to the house，managed to keep the business alive，brought the mystery novel to the final edits before it’s submitted in hopes of publication，and made a lot more resolutions.Star helped me through the massive，yet untraditional，healing of spirit.The memories of the kitties that passed away in the fire now spark only warmth in my heart and win some smiles.Every single day，I appreciate the serendipitous (有意外收获的) nature of the Universe that sent me hope in the form of a little black furball.‎ So take a little advice from my furry friend: no matter how hopeless things may become or how fixed your resolution may be，open the door whenever opportunity knocks.It just might be a star to light your way.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和猫的不解之缘。‎ ‎1.What made the author relieved after the fire was put out?‎ A.A new printer helping finish the time-sensitive report.‎ B.A description of the belongings going up in flames.‎ C.The cats being rescued from situations of abandonment.‎ D.The cats being dead without receiving injuries in the fire.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“I examined and kissed each cat goodbye，extremely grateful that they had passed away gently，without injuries or burns”可知，大火扑灭后令作者欣慰的是虽然他的猫去世了，但它们在大火中并没有受伤。故选D项。]‎ ‎2.What probably caused the author to open the door?‎ A.The idea of seeing his beloved four-legged family member again.‎ B.The impact of the loss of loved creatures on his mind and soul.‎ C.The brush of his departed furry roommates playing tricks on him.‎ D.The curiosity about the novel written in memory of his cats.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Was it my mind...The meow grew louder and more insistent.Curious，I opened the door”可知，作者抱着能再次看到自己心爱的猫回来的好奇心打开了门。故选A项。]‎ ‎3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 mean?‎ A.The author desired to make friends with a cat-loving neighbor.‎ B.The author made a decision not to take in any animals.‎ C.The author didn’t consider a cat-loving neighbor as a friend.‎ D.The author made a decision to adopt other animals.‎ 答案　B　[句意理解题。根据第六段中的“...My immediate reaction was a facetious (开玩笑的) ‘that’s all I need！’...But without hesitation she put the adorable kitten down”可知，当邻居提出来让作者收养这只猫时，作者的第一反应是开玩笑地说“这是我所需要的”，再结合下文“但是邻居毫不犹豫地把猫放了下来”的转折可知，作者原本是不想收养这只猫的，故画线句表示作者下定决心不收养、不接受任何动物。故选B项。]‎ ‎4.The author had had a good sleep for the first time since the fire mainly because ________.‎ A.he never shared a sleep with a kitten B.he refused to admit missing a kitten C.he determined to open himself to pain D.he accepted the kitten and slept with it 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第七段“That night，as I slid between the sheets...close”可知，作者在那场大火之后第一次睡了个好觉是因为有猫的陪伴，即作者从内心上接受了这只猫。故选D项。]‎ ‎5.What did the author say about Starlight?‎ A.It was very naughty and made him annoyed.‎ B.It knew how to make up prescriptions for healing.‎ C.It made him regain hope and make progress.‎ D.It should have been given a wrong name “Starlight”.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第八段“...The name Starlight (Star for short) seemed perfect because that night he brought some light back into my life”和最后两段的内容可知，名为“星光”的猫使作者重新获得希望并取得进步。故选C项。]‎ ‎6.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A.The Dream for Kittens B.Ways to Remove Sadness C.The Power of Resolutions D.Starlight to Give Hope 答案　D　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者因一次意外的火灾失去了自己心爱的猫后便下定决心不再收养任何动物，且自火灾过后，作者便难以安然入睡。但与名为“Starlight”的猫的邂逅让作者重新认识这段经历并重拾生活的希望。D项中的“Starlight”一语双关，既可指广义上的“星光”，也可指作者的名为“Starlight”的猫，用词巧妙精准。故D项作文章标题最为合适。]‎ B ‎(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)Shoyna，a small Russian village located on the edge of the Arctic Circle，is often referred to as the world’s northernmost desert.The sand covers everything as far as the eye can see and the few people living here never dare shut their front doors at night，for fear of being buried alive by the ever-shifting dunes (沙丘).They try day and night to change the desert into a green area but in vain.‎ However，Shoyna wasn’t always like this.It was settled in the 1930’s by fishermen drawn to the coast of the White Sea by the abundance of fish in the area.In just two decades，it had grown into a bustling fishing port with a population of around 1，500 people and a fleet of roughly seventy fishing boats.However，it wasn’t long before the fishery collapsed.Dozens of vessels lining the shore stopped coming and many of the families that had thrived(繁荣) in Shoyna slowly moved away.Today，the official number of inhabitants is 375，and most of them survive on unemployment benefits and pensions.Hunting is also a way to make ends meet，thanks to a large number of barnacles and brent geese that use Shoyna as a stopover on their migration route，but the most profitable job in the village is definitely that of a bulldozer(推土机) driver，as everyone needs to have their house dug up from the sand at one point.‎ Modern-day Shoyna lies in the middle of a desert，but historical records show that when the first fishermen settled here in the 1930’s，it was an unexpected land covered ‎ with moss and trees.No one knows exactly what moved the sand to this place，but experts believe it was caused either by the massive fishing that damaged the seabed vegetation，allowing the sand to rise up and be swept to shore，or by the deforestation carried out by the local population decades ago.‎ The sand dunes now constantly migrate up and down the coast by the westerly wind，and can completely bury houses in Shoyna in a single night.Locals have grown accustomed to the shifting sands and waking up to sunlight going only through the top part of their windows，but always leave their front doors open so they don’t get blocked in.Local meteorologist Natasha told English Russia that she now uses a manhole cut into the roof of her house as a door，after getting sick of constantly having to dig the building out of the sand.“It’s very comfortable，” she says.“You get out right on the ground and go wherever you want.”‎ Shoyna has just one bulldozer to help the people dig out their homes after a windy night，whose driver is Sasha.It takes ten hours to uncover a house completely，and since one hour of work costs roughly $70，few people can afford his services.The Russian government only subsidizes(补助) 40 hours a month，which is far from enough.What’s more，there aren’t enough hours in a day to help all those in need.“I dig one house out，and the others are mad at me，” he says.‎ Apart from having seen many of the houses sink beneath the sand，locals have also developed physiological problems from constantly having to walk on uneven sand，according to the local doctor.There are no roads or railroads connecting Shoyna to the rest of the world，so the only ways in and out of the village are by sea or air.Despite their struggles with the sand and isolation(孤立) from the world，locals are reportedly very proud of their off-the-grid settlement and very generous and friendly to visitors，inviting visitors into their homes for traditional seafood feasts，despite lack of fish in the sea.‎ Now many scientists come to Shoyna in order to study and understand the phenomenon of sand dune migration and how to stop it.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　‎ 本文是一篇说明文。俄罗斯的小村庄Shoyna被称为世界上最北的沙漠，村民们正日夜跟沙漠奋战，然而，他们却没有任何办法治服这疯狂的沙漠。‎ ‎7.What may be the main trouble that the local people have in Shoyna?‎ A.Closing their front doors.‎ B.Being endangered by sand.‎ C.Failing to plant more trees.‎ D.Lacking bulldozers to dig their house.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The sand covers everything...by the ever-shifting dunes (沙丘)”和下文内容可知，沙子严重危及俄罗斯小村庄Shoyna的村民的生活。故答案选B项。]‎ ‎8.Which job can offer the most pay in Shoyna now?‎ A.Producing fishing boats.‎ B.Being a fisherman.‎ C.Being a physiological doctor.‎ D.Driving a bulldozer.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。从第二段的“...but the most profitable job in the village is definitely that of a bulldozer(推土机) driver，as everyone needs to have their house dug up from the sand at one point”可知，在Shoyna，最赚钱的人是开推土机的司机。故答案选D项。]‎ ‎9.Why did Shoyna turn into a desert in experts’ view?‎ A.Due to human activities.‎ B.Due to climate change.‎ C.Due to natural disasters.‎ D.Due to lack of exploration.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。从第三段中的“experts believe it was caused...by the local population decades ago”可知，专家认为，正是人类的过度捕捞或滥砍滥伐导致这个村庄变成了沙漠。]‎ ‎10.What can we learn about Sasha?‎ A.He seldom works very long hours.‎ B.He charges a little for his services.‎ C.He fails to help everyone in the village.‎ D.He sometimes offers free services to villagers.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。从第五段中的“What’s more，there aren’t enough hours in a day to help all those in need”“I dig one house out，and the others are mad at me”可知，村里太多人需要推土机司机Sasha帮忙了，但一天时间有限，因此他只能尽自己的能力帮忙，无法帮到每一个人。故答案选C项。]‎ ‎11.Which of the following words can best describe Shoyna?‎ A.It’s the pride of local villagers.‎ B.It’s a man-made attraction.‎ C.It’s a spot suitable for scientific study.‎ D.It’s an environmental disaster.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。从文章的内容可知，如今的Shoyna处于沙漠腹地，几十年前，渔民刚到此定居之时，这里到处都是青苔和树木。人们的过度捕捞或滥砍滥伐造成如今的窘境。因此，Shoyna的没落算是人为的生态灾难。故答案选D项。]‎ ‎12.What is the best title of this text?‎ A.A Village Is Disappearing in a Desert B.People Have a Special Lifestyle in Shoyna C.A Village Fights a Losing Battle Against Sand D.Man Is Escaping from a Frightening Village 答案　C　[标题判断题。文章介绍了一个非常特殊的村庄，俄罗斯的Shoyna，村民们日夜跟沙漠奋战，然而，他们却没有任何办法制服这疯狂的沙漠。因此C项最适合当本文的标题。]‎ C In creating A.J.Fikry’s ordinary-yet-extraordinary life，the author Gabrielle Zevin has thrown every cliché (老生常谈) into the mix.The hero，A.J.Fikry，lost his beloved wife Nic in a road accident.The sales of his bookstore have been decreasing.The enthusiastic new sales representative Amelia won’t stop annoying him with new books.His rare and very valuable first edition has gone missing.But the unexpected arrival of Maya left in his care brings about a series of events with love and hope to ‎ his life.‎ There are few real surprises in the plot and attentive readers will be able to tell where the story is headed.But that is not the point; the clichés and the predictable plot take nothing away from Zevin’s work The Storied Life of A.J.Fikry because it’s how she tells the story that first charms the readers，then holds their attention，making them read the whole book in a single sitting and finally give the book a long hug when they are finished.This book is a love letter to the joys of reading.‎ Each chapter begins with the title of a short story or a book and a note from A.J.Fikry describing what he likes about it，essentially introducing each character by what they read.The characters are so realistic that it’s hard not to fall in love with all of them: Maya，“the fantastic bookworm”，Amelia，“the giantess” with questionable taste in fashion，Lambiase，the adorable police chief，and A.J.Fikry，the reluctant hero who hates electronic reading devices that will “send centuries of a lively culture into what will surely be a rapid decline”.‎ The passage of time，race issues，and the bureaucratic argument of children’s services are all put aside in the telling of this story，not because there’s anything to hide or because reality is not allowed to interfere，but because the author chooses to focus on the important stuff.For example，it focuses on Lambiase who organizes a reading club for policemen at the bookstore.His original intention is to help promote business，but over the years he becomes a genuine book-lover，one who tends to always have simple advice for his cynical (愤世嫉俗的) friend，A.J.Fikry.“Bad timing，” Lambiase claims.“I’ve been a police officer for twenty years now and I’ll tell you pretty much every bad thing in life is a result of bad timing，and every good thing is the result of good timing.”‎ More than anything else，this novel is not only about the selling of them or the reading of them，but how books and stories become part of our lives，how we find ourselves within what we read and how we carry books with us.It is also about the power of unexpected happiness and always believing that something wonderful is just around the corner.The Late Bloomer is the book within a book which brings together ‎ A.J.Fikry and Amelia.It reminds them that life doesn’t follow a set script，things happen when they are meant to happen，and there is no such thing as “too late” for anything.Life is the big picture.Always look at the big picture.Enjoy it.Don’t get too concentrated on the details，because it will all be over before you know it.In the long run nobody，not even you，will remember the ordinary details because they are，in the end，quite irrelevant.‎ A.J.Fikry’s final words of wisdom to teenaged Maya convey the same feelings in literary terms: “We are not quite novels.We are not quite short stories.In the end，we__are__collected__works.We have read enough to know there are no collections where each story is perfect.Some of us hit.Some miss.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文，同Gabrielle Zevin的作品The Storied Life of A.J.Fikry的评论相关。‎ ‎13.The author’s attitude towards Zevin’s book is ________.‎ A.supportive B.critical C.objective D.indifferent 答案　A　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段到第四段的内容可知，作者认为这本书蕴含着丰富的人生哲理，且对读者极具吸引力，故作者对这本书的态度是支持的。]‎ ‎14.How many characters of the novel are mentioned in the passage?‎ A.Four. B.Five.‎ C.Six. D.Seven.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。文章第一段提到了A.J.Fikry，Nic，Amelia和Maya这四个人物；第三段中提到Lambiase这个人物。所以本文一共提到小说中的五个人物。故选B。]‎ ‎15.The police chief organizing a reading club is mentioned to prove ________ in the novel.‎ A.there is really nothing to hide B.reality is not allowed to interfere C.important stuff has been focused on D.everything is a result of timing 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的前两句话“The passage of time...organizes a reading club for policemen at the bookstore”可知，作者举警察局长的例子是为了说明本段第一句话中的“focus on the important stuff”，即这本小说集中于重要的东西。故选C。]‎ ‎16.What can be implied in Paragraph 5 ?‎ A.The novel underlines happiness will always be around.‎ B.The novel mainly talks about the marketing of the book.‎ C.It is The Late Bloomer that brings A.J.and Amelia together.‎ D.It is important to do things on the basis of overall situations.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第五段的后半段“Life is the big picture...quite irrelevant”可知，不必关注人生的细节，而应该看得长远，关注大局。故选D。]‎ ‎17.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably means ________.‎ A.our life is full of ups and downs B.we should collect works all our life C.our life is closely connected with books D.we should read books all our life 答案　A　[句意理解题。我们既不是长篇小说，也不是短篇小说，最终我们都是小说集。我们读过足够多的书，因此知道没有每个故事都完美的小说集。故画线句用来比喻人生充满起起落落，没有谁的人生是完美的。故选A。]‎ ‎18.The passage is mainly about ________.‎ A.the extraordinary life of A.J.Fikry B.the moral lesson of no “too late” in life C.a comment on The Late Bloomer D.a review of The Storied Life of A.J.Fikry 答案　D　[主旨要义题。通过全文可知，本文主要是有关Gabrielle Zevin的作品The Storied Life of A.J.Fikry的评论。故选D。]‎ 仿真模拟练 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ A Parking Information There is a mix of paid and free parking on Granville Island.Below you will find all relevant information on parking and traffic management.‎ FREE PARKING STALLS (停车位)‎ Free parking throughout Granville Island for all motorized vehicles is intended for visitors only.Free parking stalls are available and vehicles are limited to occupy one stall，once per day，and within the maximum posted time limit.When the posted time limit is reached，you move your vehicle，or should you require additional parking during the same day，your vehicle must be parked in a pay parking stall.‎ Free parking restrictions are strictly enforced from 7 am to 7 pm，7 days a week.‎ Once your vehicle is parked，you are not permitted to move to another free stall on Granville Island at any other time throughout the day.You may move to any of the pay stalls.‎ PAID PARKING STALLS Pay parking restrictions are strictly enforced from 7 am to 7 pm，7 days a week.‎ Daily__Parking The Daily Pass is valid for 24 hours from the time of purchase.The pass is VOID(无效) if not placed face up with the date and time visible.The pass is VOID if not parked in a pay parking lot.‎ Weekly__Parking The Weekly Pass is valid for 7 days from the time of purchase.The pass is VOID if not placed face up with the date and time visible.The pass is VOID if not parked in a pay parking lot.‎ Monthly__Parking Monthly parking is limited and available on a first come first serve basis and sold starting on the twenty-sixth (26) of every month.Monthly Parking Passes are available at the Granville Island Administration Office from 8：30 am-5：00 pm.‎ A Monthly Parking Pass allows a vehicle to be parked in an appointed parking stall only when it is clearly displayed.‎ Lost monthly passes cannot be replaced.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一则公告，介绍了格兰维尔岛免费停车和付费停车的有关规定。‎ ‎1.Visitors to Granville Island can ________.‎ A.park their cars for free as long as they wish B.move their cars to different free stalls C.pay for the parking when the time limit is reached D.use the same free stall for many times 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据FREE PARKING STALLS(停车位)部分中的“When the posted time limit is reached...must be parked in a pay parking stall(当发布的时间限制到了时，您需要移动您的车辆，或者如果在同一天您仍然需要停车，您的车辆必须停在收费停车位)”可知，C项正确。]‎ ‎2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the notice?‎ A.A paid parking pass is valid only when it is clearly displayed.‎ B.Cars with the Daily Parking Pass can be parked in a free stall.‎ C.One can buy the Monthly Parking Pass on any day of the month.‎ D.One can apply for a new Monthly Parking Pass if it is lost.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The Daily Pass...is VOID(无效) if not placed face up with the date and time visible”，第七段中的“The Weekly Pass...is VOID if not placed face up with the date and time visible”和倒数第二段“A Monthly Parking Pass allows a vehicle to be parked in an appointed parking stall only when it is clearly displayed”可知A项正确。]‎ B ‎(2018·苏州市高三调研测试)‎ The spread of no-maintenance artificial lawns is threatening wildlife and rare plants，conservationists and gardening experts are warning.Gardens are an increasingly important shelter for wildlife which was forced into withdrawing from the countryside by loss of the natural homes and intensive farming.But the growth in the popularity of ‎ artificial lawns，which look like the real thing but require no cutting，watering or fertilizing，means there’s no shelter in an increasing number of Britain’s back gardens.‎ Tim Rumball，editor of Amateur Gardening magazine，said: “Artificial grass these days looks great and these days you can buy rolls of it whereas ago it was a very specialist thing.It can take people a few minutes to realize they are on an artificial lawn rather than a real one.”‎ Besides the impact on wildlife，a damaging impact has also been made on the wider environment because of replacing real grass.Mr Rumball said: “Lawns matter a lot.Plants change carbon dioxide into oxygen and if all the lawns are taken away in Britain you will significantly affect the carbon levels in the atmosphere.When grass grows longer，it attracts insects.If you have an artificial lawn then these insects will be reduced and the whole of the food chain will be affected，especially birds that rely on insects for their diet.”‎ Joy Wallis of Dorset Wildlife Trust is also concerned about the trend in artificial grass.“These days，gardens are a shelter for wildlife，” she said.“Creatures can’t survive in the countryside because it is so full of chemicals.Birds get absolutely nothing from artificial grass，and they can’t dig for worms or anything like that.It seems a shame that people feel they haven’t got the time or the tendency to look after a lawn.”‎ Robert Redcliffe of Namgrass，which currently sells 10，000 square meters of artificial grass per week，says business is booming，adding，“We started five years ago in the UK and it can transform the way you use the garden.There’s the obvious advantage of no cutting or watering，but also there’s no mud for children or pets to walk through the house.” He disagrees that artificial grass is harmful to the environment and adds，“There are ecological benefits.In the long run the effect of artificial grass is outweighed by not having to use a lawnmower，running water or fertilizers.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。虽然人造草坪不需要人们花费过多的时间和精力来维护，但是它却给野生动植物带来了极大的危害。‎ ‎3.What can we learn from the growing trend in artificial lawns?‎ A.More people are fed up with the real lawns.‎ B.More people prefer the lower price of artificial grass.‎ C.More people believe artificial grass to look really better.‎ D.More people pay less attention to taking care of the environment.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。文章第一段的第一句说明了人造草坪对动植物有害，而本段的最后一句则说明了人造草坪因其独特的优势而受到人们的追捧。结合这两句可知，人造草坪的盛行从侧面反映出人们缺乏对环境的关注与保护。故答案为D。]‎ ‎4.What can be inferred from what Robert Redcliffe says?‎ A.Wildlife is likely to be threatened.‎ B.All enjoy the convenience of artificial lawns.‎ C.He focuses on keeping the balance of ecology.‎ D.Parents spend more time accompanying children.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Robert Redcliffe所说的“There are ecological benefits...running water or fertilizers”可知，Robert Redcliffe认为人造草坪有生态上的益处，从长期来看，人造草坪的影响敌不过不使用剪草机、水或肥料的消极影响，由此可推知，他认为人造草坪可能会威胁到野生动植物。]‎ ‎5.The author’s real purpose of writing the passage is to ________.‎ A.warn the public against damaging the real lawns B.emphasize the necessity of limiting artificial lawns C.provide ways of protecting the living environment D.give the reasons for the popularity of artificial lawns 答案　B　[作者意图题。作者首先在文章开头点明了人造草坪的危害，然后引用各界人士的话语进一步表明了人造草坪对野生动植物的危害，故作者写作本文的目的是要强调限制人造草坪的使用的必要性。故选B项。]‎ C Rome，Paris and New York are the world’s top fashion cities，all of which have produced some of the top trends，from high-low skirts to the hottest new shoes.However，have you ever wondered about the negative ideas that they’ve brought?‎ In April 2016，the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Britain banned an ad from Gucci that featured models dancing around and having fun，because the models in the ad were all extremely thin.Gucci，a notable brand in the fashion industry and the company in question，stated，“It was a subjective issue as to whether a model looked unhealthily thin.”It isn’t new to us.The ASA banned an ad in the year 2015 for the same reason.In France，it has been ruled that models are to provide a doctor’s note which could prove that they are at a healthy weight.‎ This brings up the question of weight，a hot-button issue for some.What is the healthy weight for models? While I couldn’t find a specific number，I did find this.According to ABC News，“Twenty years ago，the average fashion model weighed 8 percent less than the average woman.Today，she weighs 23 percent less.” This is concerning.When has it ever been okay for anyone，models included，to weigh less than the average?‎ People may think that being at an unhealthy weight will help them gain the benefits that the models do.This provides a standard of beauty，and therefore people who want to achieve those things may attempt to obtain them through unhealthy ways.People may also think that they are overweight，due to the images of models’ thin figures.They see something wrong with their bodies，whether they are overweight or not.This is a key factor in a lowered body image，low self-esteem，depression and possibly even eating disorders.‎ I’m not blaming the fashion industry by any means.It’s not their fault that many people look up to the models and expect to live a life like theirs.I am glad that the ASA is raising its voices when discussing the growing issue of body image in the fashion industry.By banning the photos and videos，speaking out against them and pushing for doctors’ notes from the models，it’s pushing for the idea that the traditional fashion industry’s body image demands should be changed and something more needs to be questioned.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了时尚广告中过瘦的模特给人们带来的负面影响以及作者对政府采取的措施的看法。‎ ‎6.What does Gucci mean by its statement?‎ A.Gucci has the right to choose models they like.‎ B.Gucci suffers a great economic loss because of the ban.‎ C.Gucci feels sorry for choosing the model subjectively.‎ D.Gucci shouldn’t be blamed as there’re no uniform weight standards.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中Gucci公司针对广告被禁的回应“It was a subjective issue as to whether a model looked unhealthily thin”可知，一个模特是否看起来瘦得不健康是一个主观的问题，即Gucci认为因为没有统一的体重标准，Gucci公司不应该因此而受到指责。故选D项。]‎ ‎7.The numbers mentioned in Paragraph 3 show that ________.‎ A.people don’t know why models weigh less B.many women are on a diet to become thinner C.weight problems related to models are severer D.being skinny causes health problems to models 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Twenty years ago，the average fashion model weighed 8 percent less than the average woman.Today，she weighs 23 percent less”可知，这些数据表明，模特的平均体重比以前更轻了，也就是说模特的体重问题变得更加严重了。故选C项。]‎ ‎8.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A.The benefits of having a thin figure.‎ B.The negative effects of models’ figure.‎ C.The methods for having a good figure.‎ D.People’s attitude towards models’ figure.‎ 答案　B　[段落大意题。第四段主要讲的是时尚广告中过瘦的模特给普通人造成的负面影响，故选B项。]‎ ‎9.What’s the possible purpose of the ASA’s measures?‎ A.To improve the working conditions models are faced with.‎ B.To set new official standards of models’ body image.‎ C.To make people have a proper concept of body image.‎ D.To keep up the good tradition in the fashion industry.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。从最后一段的“By banning the photos and videos...should be changed and something more needs to be questioned”可知，英国广告标准管理局这样做的目的是改变传统时尚界对身体形象的要求以及其他更多会被质疑的要求，再结合全文内容可知，英国广告标准管理局此举的目的应该是使人们对身体形象有一个正确的观念。故选C项。]‎ D We look like a family of turtles when we travel to work.Our backpacks are filled with camping equipment and enough dried food to feed us for a week.Our equipment is tied to the outside of our backpacks.I carry a two-person crosscut saw(横割锯).My husband，Tom，carries an ax(斧) tied onto his heavy load.Jay，our 10-year-old son，walks with a saw folded into an outside pocket of his pack.We all carry shovels(铁铲) in our hands，using them like walking sticks as we hike along the trails.‎ ‎“When we have to hike a long way，we might as well make up a great number of stories，” says Jay.“It makes the hike go faster than we expect.”‎ My family works as a wilderness trail crew in the Rocky Mountains.In the summer，the United States Forest Service hires us to do such a job in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness.We cut away trees that have fallen across the trails.No motors are allowed in this wilderness，so we cannot use a chainsaw or ride on a vehicle.We like the quiet and the challenge of using only hand tools.‎ Some days，we walk for miles without finding many trees to cut away.Other times，we work for hours cutting branches and sawing chunks of large trees that have collapsed across a trail.Sometimes while Tom and I work，Jay will pick huckleberries and share them with us when we’ve finished clearing the trail.‎ All of us work together when we reach a trail with lots of drainage ditches(排水沟).We use our shovels to clear up dirt and leaves out of each ditch.At the top of the mountains，we look for piles of snow left over from winter.We mix clean snow with powdered lemonade mix to make slush (雪泥).After working hard in the hot summer sun，slush is the most delicious treat in the world.‎ When our trail crosses a stream or river that has no bridge，we take off our hiking ‎ boots，roll up our pants，and walk across the cold water.On the other side，we put our packs down and then walk back into the stream.It is our job to take loose rocks out of the shallow river crossings to make it easier for horses to walk across.Many people who travel across the wilderness trails use horses and mules to carry their food and equipment.‎ When we finish work for the day，we set up our tent by a stream or lake.Mountains surround us and no one else is around.When it’s time for dinner，I ask Jay what he wants.“Macaroni and cheese，” he responds.It’s his favorite of course.We cook dinner over a campfire and look at maps to see where we will work the next day.Before it gets dark，we crawl into our tent and lie into our sleeping bags.“Play chess？” Tom asks Jay.Jay nods.They like to play chess with the pocket-sized magnetic chess set that Jay carries in his pack.Sometimes Jay gets out his drawing pad and pencils.Often we read aloud an exciting book or write in our journals.Our bodies are tired from a long day of working，but our minds need exercise，too.‎ After almost a week in the wilderness，we hike back out to the road.We look forward to getting clean clothes from our van，fresh food from a store，and more books to read.Sometimes we pay a visit to friends，but we take only one or two days off before we head back into the woods.In the summer，we like it best when our home is on our backs and we are in the wilderness，working together as a trail-crew family.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。夏天，作者一家干起了荒野清道夫的工作，这种工作让作者一家享受到了无穷的乐趣。‎ ‎10.Why does the author say her family is like a family of turtles?‎ A.They often go on holiday by the sea.‎ B.They’re keen on camping on the beach.‎ C.They enjoy living a slow-paced life.‎ D.They carry their belongings wherever they go.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段的内容尤其是“Our backpacks are filled with camping equipment and enough dried food to feed us for a week...”以及最后一段中的“when our home is on our backs”可知，一家人都背上了背 包，里面装上了各式各样的东西，由此可推测出作者说他们看起来就像乌龟一样是因为他们走到哪儿就把自己工作的装备、食物等带到哪儿。故选D。]‎ ‎11.What is the author’s family hired to do in the mountains in summer?‎ A.Get rid of obstacles on trails.‎ B.Explore more trails for people’s hiking.‎ C.Cut fallen trees off with a motor saw.‎ D.Protect the wildlife in danger of extinction.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容尤其是“My family works as a wilderness...have fallen across the trails”可知，夏天，作者一家干起荒野清道夫的活儿，这是美国林业局给他们的工作。故选A。]‎ ‎12.What do the family do with snow?‎ A.They have a snowball fight for fun.‎ B.They pile it along the trail.‎ C.They eat slush for the cool.‎ D.They freeze lemonade with it.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第五段的“We mix clean snow with...in the world”可知，作者一家会把粉状的柠檬和干净的雪混合在一起，在炎热的夏日辛勤劳作之后，这样的“雪泥”是世界上最美味的款待。故选C。]‎ ‎13.How do the family get across a river or stream?‎ A.By riding horses or mules.‎ B.By stepping on raised rocks.‎ C.By setting up a temporary bridge.‎ D.By crossing with bare feet directly.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“we take off our hiking boots，roll up our pants，and walk across the cold water”可知，作者一家会脱掉靴子，卷起裤腿，蹚过小河或者小溪，即赤脚穿过小河或小溪。]‎ ‎14.Which words can best describe the author’s work?‎ A.Tiring but enjoyable.‎ B.Demanding and time-consuming.‎ C.Thrilling and well-paid.‎ D.Fascinating but dangerous.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据文中作者对他们工作的描述以及“Our bodies are tired from a long day of working”可知，这份工作是累人的；再根据作者描述的他们工作中的具体乐趣以及最后一段中的“In the summer，we like it best when our home is on our backs and we are in the wilderness”可知，作者及家人很喜欢这份工作。故选A。]‎ ‎15.What is the best title of this passage?‎ A.Practicing a Skill in a Special Way B.Hiking in the Rocky Mountains C.Clearing Trails in the Wilderness D.Surviving in the Wilderness 答案　C　[标题判断题。本文主要讲的是夏天，作者一家干起了荒野清道夫的活儿。C项意为“在荒野中清理小径”，概括了本文的大意。]‎