高考英语二轮语法非谓语动词教案

高考英语二轮语法非谓语动词教案

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。高考英语二轮非谓语动词精讲及训练动词不定式、分词（现在分词，过去分词）和动名词统称为非谓语动词。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语，所以叫做非谓语动词。现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v+ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语（动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语）。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，如：tostudy,toplay，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。1.动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被 动tobebuildtohavebeenbuild2.动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：Tohelpeachotherisgood.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：Itisgoodtohelpeachother.（2）作表语：Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式tosetup…为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的aretosetup整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式tosetup所表示的动作是由we产生的）。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：Shewishestobeamusician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等，如：Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：Heisthemantodependon.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加inorderto或soasto（以便或为了），但应注意inorderto位于句首或句中均可，而soasto不能位于句首，如：ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto（soasto）improveherEnglish.将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②结果状语：Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too+形容词或副词+动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.3.复合结构不定式：由for+名词（或代词宾格）+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等，如：Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.4.疑问词+动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。5.动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成，如：It’swrongofyounottoattendthemeeting.6.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.（其后），Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcamein.7.动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：Whatistobedonenexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.（二）动词-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。1.-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeingmadegoing完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavinggone2.-ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主语：Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Talkingiseasierthandoing.–ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：Itisn’tmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.It’snousewaitinghere.（2）作表语：Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch；②作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork；③do+限定词（my,some,any,the等）+-ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?④作介词的宾语：Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics；⑤作形容词worth,busy等的宾语：Thisbookiswellworthreading.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?（4）作定语：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthegate?注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.（5）作宾语补足语：Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。（6）作状语：①时间状语：SeeingTom,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofhisbrother.分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.②原因状语：Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.③方式或伴随状语：MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.3.主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Havingansweredtheletter,shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.4.被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如：Thetruckbeingrepairedthereisours.5.被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.6.-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Yoursmokinganddrinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：SheinsistedonPeter’s（orPeter）goingtherefirst.7.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Ourjobismakingsteel.Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn’twanttoplayittoday.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。8.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell./Ihavethreeletterstowrite.9.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。Ihearhersingintheroom.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。10.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain./Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.（三）过去分词：1.过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是破的。注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。  （3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when,if,while,though,as等连词，如：Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。）     独立主格：上述-ing和过去分词的用法中，-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing和过去分词作用的形式，则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定，如：Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.注：Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①独立结构中的being或havingbeen常可省去，如：Themeeting（being）over,alllefttheroom.②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.2.-ing形式与过去分词的区别：（1）语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心的演说；theinspiredaudience受鼓舞的听众。（2）时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：Thechangingworld正在发生的世界；thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界。重难点剖析：1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.A.enter            B.toenterC.entering      D.entered陷阱：容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。分析：其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语（toenteragoodcollege）是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词（could）一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：（1）Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。（2）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。（3）Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：（4）Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.A.tohope             B.hopeC.hoping             D.hoped此题的答案是C不是A，其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。（5）Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.A.practise              B.topracticeC.practising          D.practised此题答案选C，这与前面动词spent的搭配有关，即spend…（in）doingsth。若将此句补充完整，即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.（6）Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.A.improve              B.toimproveC.improving           D.toimproving此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devote…to…是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.A.doing            B.todoC.beingdoing       D.tobedone陷阱：容易误选B，根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。分析：其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是B：Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.Acleaning         B.tocleanC.cleaned             D.beingcleaned再请看以下试题：-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuade          B.persuadingC.beingpersuaded           D.bepersuaded此题应选C，句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.A.devotedtodo   B.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoing     D.isdevotedtodoing陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：（1）devote意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。（2）选A错误：若将do改为doing则可以。（3）选B正确：allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。（4）选C错误：因为allhertime与devote为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。（5）选D错误：若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。请做以下类似题（答案均选A）：（1）Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.A.completed       B.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompleted  D.beencompleted（2）Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,support        B.was,support C.hasbeen,supporting      D.is,tosupport比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：（1）Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completed      B.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompleted      D.beencompleted（2）Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,support          B.was,support C.hasbeen,supporting      D.is,tosupport-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmake                 B.nottomakeC.notmaking     D.donotmake陷阱：容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。分析：其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and或but，nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.A.provide        B.toprovideC.providing       D.provided5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.A.tobetied               B.beingtiedC.tied             D.havingtied陷阱：容易误选B。分析：最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands与tie的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.A.finds           B.foundC.beingfound   D.willfind答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：（1）Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.A.argued            B.tobearguedC.tobearguing       D.beingargued-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。（2）Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.A.turned           B.havingturnedC.tobeturned   D.beingturned6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.A.oftaking     B.takingC.totake      D.take陷阱：容易误选A。受remindsbof（doing）sth这一常用结构的影响。分析：最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构：remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）请看两个例句：Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youfly        B.yourflightC.flight           D.flying陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A，youfly是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语willbe相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.A.towork,todo          B.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoing      D.toworking,todo陷阱：容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。分析：正确答案为B，因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的to也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。objecttodoingsth反对做某事sticktodoingsth坚持做某事getdowntodoingsth开始做某事taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事admittodoing承认做了某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事devoteone’stimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于（奉献于）做某事beequaltodoingsth等于做某事，能胜任做某事Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样9.Bothofmyparentsinsisted_______acomputerforme,butIdon’tthinkitisnecessary.A.tobuy          B.buyingC.onbuying   D.inbuying陷阱：容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。分析：答案应选C。其实，动词insist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon，即用于insiston[upon]（doing）sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：Heinsistedonseeingherhome.他坚持送她回家。Iinsistedthathe（should）stay.我坚持要他留下。10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore______,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.”A.typing             B.tobetypedC.typed          D.totype陷阱：容易误选D，根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。分析：最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如Ihavesomeclothestowash等，即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。11.Shetookherson,ranoutofthehouse,_____himinthecaranddrovequicklytothenearestdoctor’soffice.A.put            B.toputC.putting          D.havingput陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。分析：正确答案选A。句中的took,ran,put,drove为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如（答案选A）：Igotoutofthetaxi,_____thefareanddashedintothestation.A.paid                 B.payingC.topay                D.havingpaid但是，下面一题稍有不同：Hearingthenews,herushedout,______thebook______onthetableanddisappearedintothedistance.A.left;lainopen             B.leaving;lyingopenC.leaving;lieopened        D.left;layopened此题答案选B，leaving在此表结果，lyingopen与其前的动词leave有关，leave后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12.Thebossinsistedthateveryminute______madefulluseof______theworkwell.A.be,todo                     B.was,doingC.be,doing                    D.was,todo陷阱：容易误选B。分析：其实正确答案是A。分析如下：（1）第一空填be，是因为insisted后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。（2）第二空要填todo，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是…shouldmakefulluseofeveryminutetodotheworkwell,句中涉及makeuseof…todosth（利用……做某事）这一结构。另外，还有makethemostof（尽量利用），makethebestof（尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：（1）Theoldprofessortolduseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.A.tobuild                       B.buildingC.build                           D.built此题答案选A，不是B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。…makeuseofeverypartofthematerialstobuildthepowerstation由此可见，makeuseof的宾语是everypartofthematerials，其后的不定式tobuildthepowerstation为目的状语。（2）Doesthewayyouthoughtof_______thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.making                        B.tomakeC.howtomake               D.havingmade13.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carriedout    B.carryingoutC.carryout           D.tocarryout陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：（1）thattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear是修饰名词theplan的定语从句。（2）由于theplan与空格处的carryout有被动关系，故填过去分词carriedout。请做以下类似试题：（1）Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike_____withyou,aboyoragirl?A.tohavego            B.tohavetogoC.tohavegone      D.havingtogo在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：IthinkI’dliketohaveaboygowithme.句中的go要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词aboy提问，便可得出：Whodoyouthinkyou’dliketohavegowithyou?对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。（2）Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistime?A.makewash             B.maketowashC.makewashing           D.makingtowash在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：ThebossmadeJackwashhiscarthistime.假若对句中的名词Jack提问，便可得出：Whodidthebossmakewashhiscarthistime?由此可知上面题答案为A。（3）YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhad______yourhouseallbymyself.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.found               B.findingC.tofind             D.forfinding此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是havegreatdifficulty（in）doingsth。14.Howhappyweare!Theholidaywehavebeenlookingforward_______atlast.A.tohascome              B.tohavecomeC.tohavingcome            D.hascome陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语lookforwardto意为“盼望”，其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是，句中介词to的宾语不是havecome，而是theholiday。正解的句子分析是：theholiday为句子主语，wehavebeenlookingforwardto是修饰主语的定语从句（介词to的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略），hascome是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：（1）Themanyoureferredto_____justnow.A.comes         B.comeC.coming        D.came答案选D，句子主语为theman，youreferredto为修饰theman的定语从句，空白处填came，为句子谓语。（2）Thetheoryhesticksto______tobeofnouseinourstudies.A.proves              B.proveC.proving           D.beproved答案选A，hesticksto是修饰主语thetheory的定语从句，句子的基本结构为Thetheoryprovestobeofnouseinourstudies.（3）Theworkhedevotedhistimeto_____worthpraising.A.was        B.beC.being         D.been答案选A，hedevotedhistimeto是修饰主语thework的定语从句。句子的基本结构为Theworkwasworthpraising.（4）Ithinkthisistheveryworkthatwemustfinish____her.A.tohelp            B.helpC.helping           D.helped答案是A。句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语，正确的句子分析是：thatImustfinish是修饰名词theverywork的定语从句，finish的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，其后的不定式tohelpher是目的状语。（5）Whichdoyouenjoy____yourweekend,swimmingorfishing?A.spending          B.beingspentC.spend               D.tospend-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。答案选D。enjoy的宾语是句首的疑问词which，不是其后的动词spending。此题中的tospend…用作目的状语。（5）Whattheboyenjoys_____tohavearoomofhisown.A.being      B.tobeC.is                 D.are答案选C，而不选A。whattheboyenjoys是主语从句，空格处填的is为谓语动词。（6）Nothingthathesuggested_____tobeofanyuse.A.prove     B.proved      C.proving      D.toprove答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是nothing，thathesuggested是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。” （7）Theoldhousewepaidavisit_____atthetopofthehill.A.standing          B.tostandC.tostanding         D.tostands答案选D。wepaidavisitto是修饰theoldhouse的定语从句，句中的stands为主句谓语。（8）Thelifeheisnowused_____quitedifferentfromours.A.is             B.tobeC.tobeing       D.tois答案选D。句中heisnowusedto是修饰thelife的定语从句，to后的动词is是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。（9）Theworkhepaidspecialattention_____tonothing.A.came                  B.tocomeC.tocoming             D.tocame答案选D。句中的hepaidspecialattentionto是修饰thework的定语从句，to后的动词came是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。（10）Theresultwhathesaidwouldlead_____hisregretinthefuture.A.is              B.tobeC.tobeing          D.towas答案选D。句中whathesaidwouldleadto是修饰theresult的定语从句，to后的动词was是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。15._______theroadroundtotherightandyou’llfindhishouse.A.Follow           B.FollowingC.Tofollow           D.Followed陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。分析：正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B：_______theroadroundtotheright,you’llfindhishouse.A.Follow      B.FollowingC.Tofollow          D.Followed但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C（不定式短语表目的）：_______theroadroundtotheright,theblindmanaskedaboytoguidehim.A.Follow                 B.FollowingC.Tofollow                D.Followed请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句中的并列连词and（填空句为祈使句）：（1）_______tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.A.Get             B.TogetC.Getting            D.Havinggot（2）______themilkandsetagoodexampletotheotherchildren.A.Drink           B.TodrinkC.Drinking          D.Havingdrinking（3）______me,andthentrytocopywhatIdo.A.Watch         B.WatchingC.Towatch          D.Havewatching（4）_____throughthisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.Look            B.LookingC.Tolook             D.Havinglooked（5）_____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.Leave          B.LeavingC.Ifyouleave D.Whenleft有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样（答案均选A）。如：（6）_____downtheradio—thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.Turn          B.TurningC.toturn          D.Tohaveturned（7）_____someofthisjuice—perhapsyouwilllikeit.A.Try         B.TryingC.Totry        D.Tohavetried以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词when,before,until等（填空句为祈使句）：（8）______himenoughtimetogethomebeforeyoutelephone.A.Give           B.TogiveC.Giving         D.Given（9）______leftwhenyougettotheendofthestreet.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.Keep        B.KeepingC.Tokeep      D.Kept（10）______yourhandoveryourmouthwhenyoucough.A.Put            B.PuttingC.Toput              D.Tobeputting（11）______untilthelightshaveturnedtogreen.A.Wait         B.TowaitC.Waiting        D.Havingwaited（12）______thepiecesofclothwithaloosestitchbeforefinallysewingthemtogether.A.Join           B.TojoinC.Joining        D.Joined以下各题也应选A，因为填空句为祈使句：（13）Idon’twanttolistenalongstory—just_____metheresult.A.tell               B.tellingC.totell         D.tobetelling（14）Whystandtherewatching—_____andhelpus!A.come        B.comingC.tocome         D.tobecoming（15）Don’twasteyourmoneyonsillythings—______it.A.save            B.tosaveC.saving        D.havingsaved（16）First______thericebywashingit,then______itinboilingwater.A.prepare,cook     B.preparing,cookingC.preparing,cook        D.prepare,cooking（17）Totesteggs,_____theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.A.put          B.puttingC.toput               D.tobeputting但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语（用不定式，即答案选B）：（18）______Frenchwell,shewenttoFrancetolivewithhiscousins.A.Study             B.TostudyC.Studying           D.Havingstudied（19）_____lateinthemorning,Mr.Smithturnedoffthealarm.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.Sleep            B.TosleepC.Sleeping         D.Havingslept（20）______thefliesout,wehadtoshutallthedoorsandwindows.A.Keep             B.TokeepC.Keeping              D.Havingkept（21）______theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.A.Improving        B.ToimproveC.Improve               D.Havingimproved【典题】1.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put                            B.tobeputtingC.toput                            D.putting2.Whenyou’relearningtodrive,_______agoodteachermakesabigdifference.A.have                             B.havingC.andhave                       D.andhaving3.Ifeltitagreathonour______tospeaktoyou.A.toask                           B.askingC.tobeasked                    D.havingasked4.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo                             B.tohavegoneC.going                            D.havinggone5.Beforeyoudecidetoleaveyourjob,_______theeffectitwillhaveonyourfamily.A.consider                        B.consideringC.toconsider                    D.considered6.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied              B.tostudyC.tobestudying                D.tohavebeenstudying7.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.A.itwhattodowith           B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit           D.todowhatwithit8.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.seencarry                     B.seencarryingC.sawtocarry                  D.sawcarrying9.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setup                           B.settingupC.havesetup                    D.havingsetup10.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.A.thethiefhavingcaught    B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught     D.thethieftobecaught11.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.A.visit                          B.payingavisitC.walkin                          D.walkingin12.Totesteggs,_______theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey’rebad,iftheysinkthey’regood.A.put                          B.puttingC.toput                        D.tobeputting13.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs______readytogoout.”A.toget                            B.gettingC.tobegetting                  D.havinggot14.“Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?”“________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.”A.Get                               B.GettingC.Toget                          D.tobegetting15.Hewasreadinghisbook,completely_______totheworld.A.lost                              B.losingC.tolose                           D.tohavelost16.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_______.A.tofind                        B.tohavefoundC.tobefound                D.beingfound17.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.A.notto                         B.nottodoC.notdoit                     D.donotdo18.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.smoke                         B.smokingC.tosmoke                       D.smoked19.Findinghercarstolen,_______.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp20.“Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?”“Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand______bythecustomers.”A.tosolving,making          B.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,making             D.tosolve,made21.“WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?”“_______hernewbike.”A.Asshelost                   B.LostC.Losing                     D.Becauseoflosing22.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins                      B.havingbegunC.beginning                      D.begun23.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked                        B.lackingofC.lacking                        D.lackedin24.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvited   B.nothavinginvited C.havingnotinvited          D.nothavingbeeninvited25.ThoughIhaveoftenheardthissong_______.Ihaveneverheardyou_______it.A.beingsung,sang            B.sang,singingC.sung,sing                 D.tobesung,tosing26.Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil_______to.A.spoken              B.speakingC.speak             D.bespoken27.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.A.tosend               B.forsendingitC.tosenditto            D.forsendingitto28._______ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective. A.Taking                B.BeingtakenC.Taken                         D.Havingtaken29.Thefilmstarwalkedtohiscar,______acrowdofjournalists.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.followedby                 B.followingbyC.tofollow                  D.tobefollowedby30.Afterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewenton_______howmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplain                    B.explainingC.tobeexplaining            D.havingexplained31.Pleaseexcuseme_______yourletterbymistake.A.toopen                       B.tohaveopenedC.foropening                  D.inopening32.Pleaseremember_______theplantswhileI’maway.A.watering                      B.tobewateringC.towater                      D.beingwatering33.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember______it.A.posting                        B.topostC.tobeposting                D.haveposted34.Stop_______metohurryup.Icanonlygosofast.A.totell                          B.tellingC.tohavetold                 D.havingtold35.Remember_______offthelightwhen_______tobed.A.turning,going              B.toturn,togoC.turning,togo               D.toturn,going36._______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.Havinggiven                B.TogiveC.Giving                         D.Given37._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.Beingfounded              B.ItwasfoundedFounded                      D.Founding38.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe________.A.20dollarsremained      B.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollars      D.remaining20dollars39.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung                 B.hangingC.hangs                          D.beinghung-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。40.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled                         B.settingC.tosettle                       D.beingsettled41.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee                          B.tobeseenC.seeing                         D.seen42.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvited C.havingnotinvited        D.nothavingbeeninvited43.“Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?”“I’dliketohavethispackage_______.”A.beweighed                  B.tobeweighedC.toweigh                      D.weighed44.Whathavewesaid_______hersohappy?A.makes                         B.tomakeC.made                          D.hasmade45.Whatworriedthechildmostwas______tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowing       B.hisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowed    D.havingnotbeingallowed46.“Whichsweaterisyours?”“Theone_______No.9.”A.thatmarked                 B.wasmarkedwithC.whichmarked              D.markedwith47.Ifthecarwon’tstart,_____it.A.trypush                      B.trypushingC.totrypushing              D.totrytopush48.Theystayedupuntilmidnight_____theoldyearoutandthenewyearin.A.andsaw                      B.toseeC.seeing                         D.forseeing 答案与解析：1.选D。catchsbdoingsth意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。2.选B。这是一个含when引导时间状语从句的主从复合句，havingagoodteacher在主句中用作主语。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。3.选C。句中的it为形式主语，不定式tobeaskedtospeaktoyou为真正主语，因“我”与ask为被动关系，故用被动式。4.选B。like和love后接不定式或动名词均可，但wouldlove/like后只能接不定式，据此可排除选项C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即选B。5.选A，before引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。其中itwillhave…为修饰名词theeffect的宾语从句。6.选A。根据句中的studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作（issaid）之前，故用完成式，即选A。7.选C。dowith与what连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如：WhatshallIdowithit?怎样处置它好呢?Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?Idon’tknowwhattodowiththisstrangeobject.我不知道这怪东西有什么用。8.选B。anyoneseencarryingbags…为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略，其中过去分词短语seencarryingbags…用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外，句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。9.选B。devote…to…的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”，其中to是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。句中的hehad为定语从句，用以修饰all，注意不将hadto视为同一个语义结构。10.选C。leadto意为“导致”，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语thethief与catch为被动关系，故答案选C。11.选D。lookforwardto意为“期盼”，其中to是介词，后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选B，因为payavisit不能带theflower-linedgarden作宾语，假若在payingavisit后加上介词to，则可选B。12.选A。句首的totesteggs为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故要用动词原形。13.选B。现在分词短语表伴随。14.选C。togetenoughproteinandnutrition表目的。15.选A。（be）losttosth为习语，意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。16.选C。因keys与find是被动关系。17.选A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词not置于不定式符号to之前，而不能置于其后，同时结合tellsb（not）todosth这一结构可排除选项C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号to。18.选B。find后可接现在分词（表示动作在进行）或过去分词（表被动关系）作宾语补足语，但是不接不定式。另外，由于he与smoke是主动关系，故选B。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。19.选D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项，findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she，而不是apoliceman,thearea,it等，故选D。20.选B。thekeyto…意为“……的关键”，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面，名词demand与make是被动关系（makedemands提出要求），同时根据句中的bythecustomers，可确定答案选B。21.选C。答句是针对疑问词what的回答，而问句中的疑问词what在句中用作主语，所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西，比较四个选项，只有C合适。其完整回答形式为LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.比较，下面一题要填不定式，因为四个选项中只有Tochooseanewchairman能回答疑问词why：“Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?”“______anewchairman.”A.Choose                           B.ChoosingC.Tochoose                       D.Chosen22.选D。由于theresearch与begin是被动关系，故用过去分词begun。Oncebegun可视为onceitisbegun之省略。23.选C。由于hisparents与lackmoney（缺钱）是主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为lack是及物动词，故后接宾语无需用介词，故选C。24.选D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词not放在整个非谓语动词之前，据此可排除A、C。另外，由于Tony与invite是被动关系，故选D。25.C。第一空填sung，因为song与sing是被动关系；第二空填sing，因为you与sing是主动关系。 26.选A。untilspokento可视为untilheisspokento之略。27.选C，不定式短语tosenditto用作状语，修饰其前的名词theperson。注意句尾的介词to不能省略，因为被修饰的名词theperson为介词to的逻辑宾语。28.选C。thismedicine与动词take为被动关系，故用过去分词。29.选A。从句意上看，人群跟在明星后面，反过来，明星便是被人群跟着。30.选A。goondoingsth=继续做同一事情，goontodosth=做完某事后续继做某事。31.选C。excusesbfordoingsth意为“原谅某人做了某事”。32.选C。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事，remembertodosth=记住要做的事。33.选A。rememberdoingsth=记住曾经做过的事，remembertodosth=记住要做的事。34.选B。根据下文的Icanonlygosofast知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较：stopdoingsth=停止做某事，stoptodosth=停下正在做的事去干另一事。35.选D。一是分清以下两个结构：remembertodosth=记住做某事，rememberdoingsth=记住曾做过某事；二是注意whengoingtobed相当于whenyougotobed。-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。36.选D。由于动词give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系，故用过去分词，即选D。其中Giventime可视为Ifheisgiventime之略。37.C。由于Harvard（哈佛大学）与found（建立）是被动关系，且因句中有in1636，故选C。注意不能选B，否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。38.选D，由于remain为不及物动词，所以包含过去分词remained的A和C不宜选（因为两者均含有被动意味）；选项B也不宜选，不定式toremain用作修饰20dollars的后置定语，由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，故不妥（因为remain不及物）。现在分词remaining的意思是“剩下的“。39.选B。动词hang表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填hanging或hung均可，但不能填beinghung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。40选C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如：Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。WithsuchgoodcardrestocarryouttheParty’spolicywefeelsafe.有这样的好干部执行党的政策，我们感到放心。41.选B。remain作“尚需”解，是连系动词，其后要接不定式作表语。由于see与it（形式主语，指whethertheywillenjoyit）是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。42.选D。否定词not应放在动名词之前，故排除A、C；又因为Tony与invite是被动关系，故选D。43.选D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。44.选B。tomakehersohappy是结果状语。注意词序Whathavewe…，不是Whatwehave…。比较下面一题（答案选D）：Whatwehavesaid________hersohappy.A.makes                         B.tomakeC.made                          D.hasmade45.选B。否定词not应放在-ing形式之前，逻辑主语his之后，由此可排除C和D；又因为thechild与allow是被动关系，故选B。46.选D。markedwith可视为whichismarkedwithNo.9之略。47.选B。注意句首为if引导的条件状语从句，填空句为祈使句，故第一个动词应是try，不应是totry；另外，trydoingsth的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。48.选B。不定式表目的。【模拟一】1.—Canyourideahorse?          —No,Ineverhadthechance____.A.forlearningit          B.forlearninghow  C.howtolearnit    D.tolearnhow-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。2.Paulsaid,“Givemeachair_____.”A.tosit            B.sit           C.siton             D.tositon3.Irantoofast______whereIwasgoing.A.tonotice        B.formetonotice    C.tonoticeforme        D.andnotice4.—Haveyouenjoyedyourvisithere?            —Yes,I’llbeverysorry______.A.forleaving     B.ofleaving  C.toleave       D.withleaving5.—I’llhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.       —Good.I’dlike_____metomorrow.A.youhelping   B.thatyouwillhelp  C.youtohelp      D.thatyouhelp6.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinlastnight.       —That’sgood.Wetried_____noisy.A.notbe       B.nottobe          C.tobenot         D.tonotbe7.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill______.A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedin  B.livedasagoodplaceC.agoodplacetolivein                   D.livinginasagoodplace8.—Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?            —______newofficers.A.Select        B.Selecting         C.Toselect      D.Forselecting9.—Wheredidhego?       —Hewenttoanotherstore______.A.tobuypencils     B.forbuyingpencils C.buypencils         D.buyingpencils10.—Mybabyhasahearttrouble.        —Didthedoctorfinditdifficult______?A.intreating     B.treating           C.fortreating  D.totreat11.—Didthejudgeaskyoumanyquestions?        —Yes,and______.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.theyweredifficulttobeanswered   B.toanswerthemwastobedifficultC.theyweredifficulttoanswer  D.theyhaddifficultyinanswering12.Thatbeggarseems_____anythingyesterday.A.nottohaveeaten B.nottoeat       C.didn’teat    D.tonothaveeaten13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.A.go      B.togo            C.going      D.went14.Thatboxis____.A.tooheavyformetocarry    B.tooheavyformetocarryitC.soheavyformetocarry     D.veryheavyformetocarry15.Wouldyoube______todomeafavour,please?A.sokindas       B.tookind          C.askindas      D.enoughkind16.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,_____.A.muchpracticeisneeded                   B.oneneedsmuchpracticeC.muchpracticeisneededbyone        D.oneisneededmuchpractice17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotasto    B.soasnotto        C.soastonot     D.notsoasto18.LastsummerItookacourseon______.A.howtomakedresses    B.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedresses   D.howdressestobemade19.Thehouseisnotlargeenough____.A.tolivein       B.tobelivedin      C.tolive   D.forliving20.Nobodylikes______.A.tospeakillof     B.tobespokenillof  C.speakingillof         D.spokenillof21.Iknowhim______agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.A.tohavebeen    B.tobe           C.was        D.hadbeen22.Iwassurprised______.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.watchinghimtoeatsoquickly            B.watchhimeatsoquicklyC.watchinghimeatsoquickly              D.towatchhimeatsoquickly23.Mr.Whitewasseen______thePalaceMuseum.A.enter B.toenter          C.entered     D.toentering24.IsawMary____thehouse.A.openthedoorandgointo               B.toopenthedoorandtogointoC.openthedoorandtogointo             D.openthedoorandwentinto25.Pauldoesnothingbut_____alldaylong.A.play           B.toplay           C.playing       D.played26.Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut______forhimhere.A.waited    B.waiting          C.towait      D.wait27.Idon’tknowherandIdon’t______.A.want       B.wantto         C.wantit     D.towant28.—Gotothetheatrewithme,willyou?         —Ishouldlike______,butIdon’thavetime.A.to         B.too              C.todo        D.togoto29.Toplayfairisasimportantas______.A.toplaywell            B.playwell          C.weplaywell         D.playingwell30.Itisthegreatesthappinessonearth______.A.lovingandtobeloved       B.toloveandbeinglovedC.toloveandtobeloved      D.loveandbeloved31._____isbettertolovethan_____.A.That,tobeloved      B.That,beloved     C.It,beloved      D.It,tobeloved32.It’sveryfoolish_____it?                                              -38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.foryoutosay       B.ofyoutosay      C.withyousaying     D.inyoursaying33.It______metwohourstofindyournewhouse.A.cost            B.took             C.spent          D.used34.Wedidnotexpectouroffer_____soquickly.A.rejected                       B.toreject   C.toberejected                  D.rejecting35.Hetoldher______thereatonce.A.get                         B.gets               C.shouldget                     D.toget36.Weallthinkitmostfoolish______thismistake.A.foryoumaking      B.ofyoutomake    C.youtomake           D.foryoutomake37.Ireallydon’tknow____.A.toswim        B.howtoswim    C.toswimhow     D.howswim38.—WhatdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?        —It’sadifficultlanguage_____A.speaking      B.tobespoken      C.tospeak          D.spoken【试题答案】1~5DDACC 6~10BCCAD 11~15CABAA 16~20BBAAB 21~25ADBAA 26~30DBAAC 31~35DBBCD 36~38BBC 【模拟二】1.Aliensaidthathistripwas_______.A.interested              B.interest             C.interesting               D.ofinterest2.Wecan’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.A.himtopostponetomake            B.hispostponingtomakeC.himtopostponemaking          D.hispostponingmaking-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。3.Icouldn’tunderstand______atthepoorchild.A.youtolaugh                 B.youlaugh        C.whylaugh           D.youlaughing4.It’snouse______withhim.Youmightaswell______withastonewall.A.arguing,argue           B.toargue,arguing   C.arguing,arguing      D.toargue,argue5.Itisnogood______today’sworkfortomorrow.A.toleave           B.leaving           C.thatyouleave          D.leave6.Theoldman’s______pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath.A.take                B.taking            C.beingtaken              D.have7.It’sverykind______you______sayso.A.of,to             B.for,to            C.to,to              D.of,/8.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis______.A.fishing                B.tofish             C.tobefish            D.beingfishing9.Remember______thebook,whenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingback          B.havingputback   C.toputback        D.willputback10.Youdidn’thearuscomebacklastnight.That’sgood.Wetried______noisy.A.tonotbe             B.nottobe          C.beingnot          D.notbeing11.Thoughhefailed,hetried_______itagainandagain.A.todo             B.doing            C.do               D.done.12.You’llregret______thosewords.Youmayhurtherfeelings.A.say               B.tosay             C.havingsaid        D.tohavesaid13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou______.A.havefinishedreading            B.finishtoreadC.willfinishreading                D.havefinishedtoread-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。14.Wearelookingforwardto______anotherchance______itagain.A.begiven,totry       B.give,totry        C.giving,trying      D.having,totry15.Mostofthestudentsenjoy_____stamps.A.collect              B.tocollect          C.collecting     D.collected16.Excusemefor_____inwithout______.A.coming,asking                         B.coming,beingasked C.tocome,asking                         D.tocome,beingasked17.Peoplecouldn’thelp______thefoolishgirl.A.laughat             B.tolaughat        C.laughingat     D.laughing18.“Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?”     “Oh.excellent,it’sworth_______asecondtime.”A.toread                B.toberead         C.reading               D.beingread19.“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”   “Whynot______byboatforachange?”A.totrygoing           B.tryingtogo       C.totryandgo       D.trygoing20.Iwastooexcited______.A.speak               B.tospeak          C.nottospeak              D.speaking21.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinvent            B.inventing         C.tohaveinvented     D.havinginvented22.Itisnouse_____tocomenow.Heisbusy.A.askhim           B.toaskhim        C.thatyouaskhim       D.askinghim23.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_______behindhisback.A.beingtied        B.havingtied   C.tobetied        D.tied24.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter____afterdrinking.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.nevertodrive      B.toneverdrive     C.neverdrivi  D.neverdrive.25.Thecomputercentre,______lastyearisverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.open                B.opening          C.havingopened  D.opened.26.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.lay            B.lain               C.laying          D.lying27.Mostoftheartists______totheparty‘werefromSouthAfrica.A.invited            B.toinvite           C.beinginvited      D.hadbeeninvited28.Englishisalanguage______inmanycountries.A.spoken          B.speaking         C.bespoken          D.tospeak29.“Canyouread?”Marysaid      tothenotice.A.angrily,pointing                        B.andpointangrily   C.angrily,pointed                         D.andangrilypointing30.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstofTight.A.followed           B.following        C.tobefollowed      D.beingfollowed31.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given           B.Togive           C.Giving       D.Havinggiven32._____theirstudents,thefamousteachercameintothehall.A.Followed                        B.FollowedbyC.Beingfollowed                D.Havingbeenfollowed33.Yourflatneeds_____.Wouldyoulikeme      itforyou?    A.toclean,todo                    B.cleaning,doing C.cleaning,todo               D.tobecleaned,doing34.Doesyournewsecretary ____shorthand?-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.knowtotake       B.knowhowtotake C.knowhowtake      D.knowhowtaking35.Tommyhadhisbigbrother_____hisshoesforhim.A.totie       B.tie        C.tied        D.tying36.Wouldyouplease______writeonthetextbooks?A.don’t B.notto        C.not D.tonot37.I’d______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.A.rathernothave      B.rathernottohave  C.notratherhad       D.rathernothaving38.YourmotherandIarelookingforward________you.A.ofseeing        B.forseeing         C.tosee    D.toseeing39.Thegirlcouldn’t_____howredhisfacewas.A.helptonotice         B.behelpingtonotice C.behelpingnoticing D.helpnoticing40.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature______.  A.taking            B.totake            C.take              D.taken答案1~5CDDAB 6~10BAACB 11~15BCADC 16~20BCCDB 21~25CDDAD26~30DAAAB 31~35ABCBB 36~40CADDD【模拟三】1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.A.Tomwas     B.Tom’sbeing      C.Tom’sbe            D.Tomis2.Thenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.A.built             B.bebuilt           C.beingbuilt     D.tobebuilt3.“Haveyouhadsupper?”     “Notyet.Themeal_____.”A.arebeingcooked    B.isbeingcooked   C.iscooked          D.arecooked4.“I’mglad______youhereinthehotel.”            “It’smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us.”-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.meeting,to         B.tohavemet,with  C.havingmet,among        D.tomeet,of5.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____inEnglish.A.understanding     B.understand        C.tobeunderstood           D.understood6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.A.couldn’tstopwalking            B.couldn’thelpthestrangerC.stoppedtohelpthestranger     D.didn’tanswerthestranger7.Janetiseasy_____.A.forgettingalongwith         B.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwith     D.gotalongwith8.Don’tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.A.turnoff              B.toturnoff        C.turningoff       D.turnedoff9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.A.understandingwhatshemeans    B.tounderstandthatshemeantC.tounderstandwhatshemeans    D.noticingwhatshemeans,10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.A.worthbeingread       B.worthreading     C.worthtoread             D.worthofreading11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.A.worthto         B.worthytobe      C.worthyof        D.worth12.Idon’twant______anymoretrouble,yousee?A.therebeing     B.ittobe           C.itbeing       D.theretobe13.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.A.stealing          B.missed           C.stolen      D.tosteal14.Strictly_____,itisn’tworththepriceyouareasking.A.tospeak       B.speaking          C.speak              D.spoken15.Time______,they’llcomeheretowatchus______football.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.permitted,playing   B.permitted,toplay  C.permitting,play            D.permitting,toplay16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.A.stealing                  B.stolen            C.bestealing            D.hadstolen17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.A.taking           B.tobetaken         C.totake           D.beingtaken18.Tomhadnochoicebut____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.A.toclean         B.clean             C.cleaning  D.cleans19.Mr.BrownsaidthathiscarneededA.toberepaired         B.beingrepaired     C.berepairing      D.torepair20.Theoldmandidn’tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.A.beingkeptforlateruse          B.keptforlateruseC.tokeepitforlateruse           D.tobekeptitforlateruse21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.A.beingopenedandclosed          B.openedandclosedC.havingbeenopenedandclosed    D.tobeopenedandclosed22.Iremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.A.tosee,take   B.havingseen,totake       C.tosee,totake              D.havingseen,take23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.A.toenter            B.enter             C.havingentered      D.entered24.Icouldn’thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.A.beinglaughed          B.laughing          C.tobelaughing       D.tolaugh25._____,sheburstintotears.A.Deeplymoved                   B.DeeplymovingC.Asshedeeplymoved             D.Asshewasdeeplymoving26.Theproblemrequires______.A.studyingwithgreatcare               B.tostudycarefully-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessness D.takinggreatcareofstudyingit27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere.               .A.beingwritten     B.Wrote           C.Write       D.Writing28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.A.tohelp,togo      B.help,go           C.help,togo          D.tohelp,go29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.A.broken,playing          B.break,play   C.broken,played            D.broke,wasplaying30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.                     A.itwasalmostsixo’clockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomelettersC.supperhadbeenalreadyprepared     D.wehadarestandthenhadsupper31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.A.coughingallalong       B.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterday     D.beingcougheddayandnight32.Itisnouse____without_____.A.totalk,doing       B.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doing    D.beingtalked,beingtodo33.“Iusuallygotherebyboat.”             “Whynot_____bytrainforachange?”A.trygoing            B.totrygoing       C.tryingtogo          D.totryandgo34._____,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.A.Assheastranger         B.BeingastrangerC.Accordingtoastranger       D.Shelikeastranger35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.A.toreadEnglish,go             B.readingEnglish,goingC.readingEnglish,goes            D.ofreadingEnglish,goes36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound‘mykeys______.-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.playing,lost            B.play,losing        C.played,beinglost        D.havingplayed,lost37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.A.Hishavingmade      B.Hehasmade      C.Hehadmaking          D.Himmaking38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.A.toknow              B.known           C.know            D.knowing39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.A.practise                  B.topractise         C.onpractising           D.inpractising40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.A.hepassing       B.hispass           C.himpass       D.hispassing41.Althoughswimmingishisfavouritesport,yethedoesn’tlike_____today.A.toswim            B.swimming        C.swim                   D.tohaveswim42.Shesatatthedeskandsetabout_____alettertoherfriend.A.towrite         B.writing           C.write     D.written43.Thissoupiscold;itneeds_____.A.toheat           B.tobeheated       C.beinghot         D.heated44.Iwent______aballoonbutIdidn’tseeanyone_____balloons.A.tobuy,tosell        B.tobuy,selling    C.buying,selling        D.buying,tosell45.Annaisoftenheard_____songsinherroom                           A.sung         B.singing          C.sing         D.tosing46.Themoreyoupractise______English,thebetteryour_____Englishwillbe.A.tospeak,speaking        B.speaking,spoken  C.spoken,spoken         D.spoken,speaking答案-38- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。1~5BCBBD 6~10CCBCB 11~15CDCBC 16~20ABAAC 21~25ADABA26~30ADBAD 31~35ACABC 36~40AABDD 41~46ABBBDB-38-