高考英语动词与动词短语

高考英语动词与动词短语

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Theoldmenunabletoexpresshimselffellsilentfallasleepfallillfalllamefallsilent进入某种状态成为fallThetreesturnredinautumnHehasturnedwriter多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词成为与以前完全不同的东西turnThewellhasrundryrunshortrundry变成runItsgrowingwarm常可接表示天气的形容词渐渐变得起来长得强调其变化过程growShehasbecomealawyerHebecameangrywithmebecomean名词成为普通用语多表示过去完成的事becomeThedaysaregettinglongerandlonger后接形容词分词介词短语变成变得起来较口语化强调逐渐getTheyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmuchItseemsthatsheishappyseemtobeadjnprepseemtodoItseemsthatseemsasifthough似乎好像指说话人内心的估计与判断有一定依据接近于实际情况seemHeappearedtobetalkingtohimselfItappearsthattheyarerightTheriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmogappeartobeadjnprepappeartodoItappearsthatappearasifthough显得好像常用于正式文体中指给他人的表面印象有时含有实质上并非如此之意appearShelookslikehermotherItlooksasifwearegoingtohavesnowlookadjnpreplooklikelookasifthough好像看起来一般用于非正式场合侧重由视觉得到的印象look考点三考查主动形式表被动意义的用法1needwantrequire要求需要deserve应得值得beworth值得后面接doing主动形式表被动意义Thebookisworthreading2不定式作定语放在被修饰词后面与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系不定式要用主动表被动含义Ihavemuchworktodo与work有动宾关系与I有主谓关系比较Ihavealettertobetyped3不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时主语系动词形容词不定式如果形容词是表示难易利弊等含义时difficulteasycomfortableconvenienthardcheapexpensiveetc不定式用主动表被动ThequestionisdifficulttoanswerTheworkiseasytodoItseasytodothework4有些动词短语只有主动形式常视为主动表被动①takeplacehappenbreakout等Abigfirehappenedtookplacebrokeoutlastnight②一些动词如sell销售wash洗clean打扫burn燃烧cook煮write写等与副词如well好easily11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。容易地perfectly十分地等连用描绘事物的特性用主动表被动结构是主语动词副词Thebooksellswell动词和动词短语一些常用行为动词的用法比较1．lay和lie原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法lielaylainlying躺位于不及物动词lieliedliedlying说谎不及物动词laylaidlaidlaying放置产卵及物动词Heliedtomethathehadfinishedhishomework他向我撒谎说完成作业了Helaidthebabyonthebed他把婴儿放在床上2．ariserise和raise原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法arisearosearisenarising出现发生兴起不及物动词riseroserisenrising上升起身不及物动词raiseraisedraisedraising举起提高唤起饲养及物动词Theriverhasrisenbyseveralmetres河水上涨了好几米Itsdifficultraisingafamilyonasmallincome依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的3．hang的用法原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法hanghunghunghanging吊挂及物动词不及物动词hangedhangedhanging绞死及物动词Hehunghisclothesonthewall他把衣服挂在墙上Themurdererwashangedandthedeadwasavenged杀人犯被绞死了为死者报了仇4．可用于动词＋sb＋ofsth的常用动词accuse控告cheat欺骗cure治愈inform通知remind提醒rid摆脱rob抢劫warn警告Thisphotoremindsmeofmyschooldays这张照片使我想起了学校生活Thepeopleofthetownwerewarnedofthedangerofflooding5．可用于动词＋sb＋fordoingsth的常用动词blame指责criticise批评forgive原谅excuse原谅pardon原谅punish惩罚scold指责thank感谢ForgivemeforsayingsobutIthinkthatsnonsense原谅我这样说但是我认为没意义Idontblameyoufordoingthat我不责备你做了那事考点四考查易混短语的用法动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析1Agree短语sbagreewithsb某人同意某人的话意见sthagreewithsb某物某事适应某人agreetotheplandecisionarrangement同意计划决定安排agreeonsth就达成共识agreetodosth同意干某事2Break短语breakawayfrom与脱离改掉习惯breakdown身体垮掉计划谈判失败汽车抛锚分解强调化学变化breakininto闯入breakoff折断断绝breakoutfirediseasewaretc突发爆发火灾疾病战争等breakup打碎分裂分解强调化学变化11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。3Bring短语bringabout引起造成实现bringback拿回使回忆起来bringdown使倒下降低bringin挣得介绍引进bringon引起导致bringout揭示揭露bringtolight揭露使了解到bringup抚养呕吐4Call短语callatsp拜访某地callonuponsb访问拜访某人callfor要求需要callin召集请来calloff取消callup打电话令人想起5Carry短语carryon进行进行下去carryout贯彻执行carrythrough顺利完成顺利实现动词与动词短语　2012高考英语语法复习系列课件1．动词短语为主动词为辅在近几年所考查的动词与动词短语的题中考查动词短语的占多数2．考查动词的词义辨析包括常见动词用法辨析近义词辨析词形相近词辨析用法相近词辨析3．考查动词短语辨析主要包括同根动词短语的辨析同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及动词＋副词＋介词短语的辨析在动词短语的测试中绝大多数为基础动词的考查出现频率较高的词有getturnmakeputgogivebreakcutcomelookkeepbringshowpickholdfallcarrypullcatchcalltake等技巧点拨动词与动词短语的考查实际上是词汇知识与语言环境的考查因此我们要注意以下两个问题1．熟记《考试大纲》词汇的意义与用法分析近几年的高考试题我们发现尽管动词与动词短语的考查非常丰富但是万变不离其宗都没有脱离《考试大纲》因此对《考试大纲》中动词与其短语的熟练掌握是我们解决问题的关键在动词与短语单项填空题中我们出错的原因大部分是对其意义掌握不全面2．分析语言环境做到对症下药在搞明白了各选项的意义后我们要充分分析题干然后依据题干所含的语境确定选项专题导读动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一也是学生学习中的难点因此每年均为测试的重点在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用其考点主要涉及以下几个方面1考查动词的词义辨析包括常见动词用法辨析近义词辨析词形相近词辨析等2考查动词的搭配形式如动词与名词的搭配动词与介词副词的搭配等3考查动词短语辨析主要包括同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及动词＋副词＋介词短语的辨析在动词词组的测试中绝大多数为基础动词的考查出现频率较高的词有getturnmakeputgogivebreakcutcomelookkeepbringshowpickholdfallcarrypullcatchcalltake等4考查系动词动词作系动词用时后面常接形容词名词分词和不定式等此时动词没有进行时和被动语态这类动词有appearbecomefeellooksoundseemtasteproveremainstaysmellgrowturngocomefallstandlieexist等2012年除了要重视动词的基本考点外还要重视以下几个方面的难点1易混的基础动词及其词组2与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法3部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法专题导读解析B　句意我可以忍受房子不整洁但是如果不干净的话我会厌恶考查动词短语辨析putupwith忍受comeupwith想出turnto转向求助于翻到stickto坚持1〔2011·课标全国卷Ⅱ〕Ican________thehousebeinguntidybutIhateitifitsnotcleanA．comeupwithB．putupwithC．turntoD．stickto真题典例√2〔2011·课标全国卷〕Williamfounditincreasinglydifficulttoreadforhiseyesightwasbeginningto________A．disappearB．fallC．failD．damage　解析C　句意威廉发现阅读越来越难因为他的视力开始衰退考查动词的词义区别fail在这里表达指健康衰退变弱符合题意disappear消失fall落下damage损坏毁掉√3〔2011·陕西卷〕Someinsects________thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselvesA．takeinB．takeoffC．takeonD．takeout　　解析C　句意有些昆虫呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色目的是保护自己考查动词短语辨析四个选项的意思分别如下A欺骗吸收B脱掉起飞成功C呈现D拿出因此选择C项4〔2011·全国卷〕MaryI________JohnofhispromisetohelpyouA．toldB．remindedC．warnedD．advised解析B　句意玛丽我已经提醒过约翰他答应过帮你的事情考查动词搭配tellsbsth告诉某人某事remindsbofsth提醒某人某事使某人想起某事warnsbofsth警告某人关于某事advisesbtotosth建议某人做某事故选B√√5〔2011·湖北卷〕Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessfulbuttheymayalso________ourthinkingA．directB．limit11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．changeD．improve　　解析B　句意我们要想成功知识和学习是很重要的但它们也可能限制我们的思考考查动词词义辨析direct指导limit限制change改变improve改进由but可知前后意义上是转折关系故选B项6〔2011·湖北卷〕TheministersaidWearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalpartiesbutwellnever________withcriminalsA．negotiateB．quarrelC．argueD．consult　解析A　句意部长说我们准备和任何合法政党开展商讨但决不会与罪犯谈判考查动词词义辨析negotiate谈判quarrel争吵argue辩论consult咨询根据句意应选A项√√解析D　句意临床证据开始增多表明这种新药物较以往在动物身上做实验所预测的有更广泛的有益的用途考查动词词义辨析operate操作strengthen加强approve赞成accumulate积累积聚根据句意可知应选D项7〔2010·湖北卷〕Clinicalevidencebeganto_____suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimalsA．operateB．strengthenC．approveD．accumulate8〔2010·湖北卷〕Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuresto____thehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstableA．takedownB．bringdownC．handdownD．teardown解析B　句意政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的价格以保持市场稳定考查动词短语辨析takedown写下记下bringdown降低减少handdown把传下去宣布teardown拆除根据句意可知应选B项√√9〔2010·山东卷〕Theyarebroadeningthebridgeto________theflowoftrafficA．putoffB．speedupC．turnonD．workout解析B　句意他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流量考查动词短语辨析putoff推迟speedup加速turnon打开接通workout算出弄懂产生结果由题干中的关键信息broaden和theflowoftraffic可知此处填speedup10〔2010·江西卷〕YoucantpredicteverythingOftenthingsdont______asyouexpectA．runoutB．breakoutC．workoutD．putout解析C　句意你不能预言一切事情有些事情的结果常常和你期待的不一样考查动词短语的辨析runout耗尽breakout突然爆发workout解决产生结果putout扑灭√√11〔2011·11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。天津卷〕I________abankaccountafterImade＄1000bydoingapart-timejobduringthesummervacationA．borrowedB．openedC．enteredD．ordered　　解析B　考查动词词义openabankaccount意为开了一个银行账户句意为暑假期间我做兼职挣了1000美元之后就开了一个银行账户borrow借enter进入order定购命令12〔2011·辽宁卷〕WhatareyoudoingoutofbedTomYoure________tobeasleepAsupposedBknownCthoughtDconsidered　　解析A　考查动词短语辨析根据句意汤姆你不在床上在干什么你________在睡觉四个选项分别意为应该被认识被作为被考虑与被考虑为由句意可知答案为A√√13〔2011·福建卷〕Idpreferto________myjudgementuntilIfindalltheevidenceAshowBexpressCpassDreserve　　解析D　本题考查动词辨析根据语境我在找到所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断可知选D14〔2011·安徽卷〕Asthestory________thetruthaboutthestrangefigureisslowlydiscoveredAbeginsB．happensCendsDdevelops　　解析D　考查动词辨析句意为随着故事的发展关于那个奇怪的人物的真相慢慢地被发现了空白处应填develop表示发展√√15〔2011·辽宁卷〕Youareoldenoughto________yourownlivingA．winBgainCtakeDearn　　解析D　本题考查动词辨析earnonesliving的意思是自谋生计符合句意你已经足够成熟了应该自谋生计了16〔2011·四川卷〕Ioften________thewordsIdontknowinthedictionaryorontheInternetA．lookupB．lookatC．lookforD．lookinto　解析A　本题考查动词短语lookup意为在词典参考书等中查找查阅故选AB意为看C意为寻找D意为调查√√17〔2011·天津卷〕She________anoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstoreA．turneddownB．dealtwithC．tookafterD．cameacross　　解析D　考查动词短语辨析comeacross偶然遇到句意为昨天她在商场购物时偶然遇到了一位老朋友turndown拒绝dealwith处理takeafter长得像都不符合语境18〔2011·江苏卷〕YoulookupsetWhatsthematterIhadmy11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。proposal________againAturnedoverBturnedonCturnedoffDturneddown　　解析D　考查动词短语辨析A项意为移交B项意为打开C项意为关闭D项意为拒绝根据句意你看上去很悲伤出什么事了我的提议又被拒绝了可知选D项√√19〔2011·浙江卷〕TheschoolisnttheoneIreallywantedtogotobutIsupposeIlljusthaveto________itA．makethebestofB．getawayfromC．keepaneyeonD．catchupwith　　解析A　考查动词短语辨析句意为这所学校不是我原本想要读的但我想我不得不好好利用makethebestof表示好好利用getawayfrom表示逃离keepaneyeon表示监视关注catchupwith表示赶上跟上√1Thenewshas________thatanearthquakewillarrivebeforedaybreakA．gotoutB．gotroundC．gotupD．gotaway解析1B　消息传开了地震在天亮之前到来getround在这里的意思消息传开Exercises2Becauseofthepoorharvestwheatpriceshave________inthelastsixmonthsA．addedB．jumpedC．raisedD．gathered解析B　jump在这里是上升的意思相当于riseAC均有一定干扰性add意思是增添指把某物数加到某物数上raise也有提高的意思但raise是及物动词因此应该用被动语态havebeenraised√√3Whenmygrandpawasyounghehadto________severalmilesadaytoschoolsincehehadnomoneytotakeabusA．coverB．takeC．getD．make　解析A　语意我爷爷年轻的时候他不得不每天走几英里到学校因为他没有钱乘公共汽车cover意为行走一段路程符合语意4Oldmemoriesareoften________whenyouhearaparticularsongorapieceofmusicA．calledinB．calledonC．calledoutD．calledup　解析D　当你听一首特别的歌或一段音乐时旧的回忆经常被勾起来callup意思是征召服役召唤传讯使人想起提出议案等打电话给callon意思是号召呼吁请求约请callin有召集召来招请收回来访等意callout有出动唤起引起大声叫出来等意√√5ThatsalovelydressDoyouthinksoMyauntgaveittomeformybirthdaybutIdont________thecolorA．interest11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。inB．careforC．pleasewithD．fondof解析B　carefor在这里是喜欢的意思也可以用beinterestedinbepleasedwithbefondof因此其他答案不正确6Thefolksongconcertwassowell________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldoutonthefirstdayA．acceptedB．recognizedC．receivedD．promised解析C　receive在这里是对作出反应A有一定干扰性accept表示主观接受某物因此不合题意√√7Thesquareissolargethathundredsofcarscanparkthereandstillleavesroomto________A．spareB．spendC．storeD．save解析A　句意广场非常大成百上千辆车停在那里还有地方空出来spare在这里是空出抽出时间等spend意思是花费store储存save节省因此A项正确8John________almostallofhisrecordstohisfriendsbuthestillhadaveryfewleftA．putawayB．setasideC．turnedinD．gaveaway解析D　句意约翰几乎把他所有的唱片都馈赠给了他的朋友们但他还剩一些putaway把收拾起来放好setaside搁置一边turnin上交交还giveaway赠送结合题意此处选用gaveaway√√9Helookedthroughasmanydailynewspapersashecouldto________whattheysaidabouthislatestbookA．hearofB．seetoC．lookupD．findout解析D　findout查清弄明白hearof听说seeto处理应付lookup查寻单词等参考因此D项正确10ThewomansskirtwastoolongShehadto________A．letitoutB．takeitinC．letitinD．takeitout解析B　takein有改小欺骗的意思如Thiscoatneedstobetakeninabitletout有释放泄露等意思letin意思让某人进来takeout有取走取出的意思因此其他答案不合题意√√11Itisrequiredthatalltrafficparticipantsshould________thetrafficrulestomaketrafficsaferandfasterA．performB．observeC．supportD．possess　　解析B　考查动词词义辨析此处observethetrafficrules是固定表达意为遵守交通法规据此选B项12We________tomakemistakeswhenwedothingsinahurryAmanageB．tendC．intend11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D．attempt　　解析B　考查动词词义辨析句意当我们匆忙做事的时候我们常常会犯错误manage意为管理成功做tend意为常常倾向于intend意为打算attempt意为企图根据句意选B项√√13FormostAmericanstheir18thbirthday________theendofonepartoftheirlifeandbeginningofanotherA．predictsB．tellsC．marksD．signs　　解析C　考查动词词义辨析句意对于大多数美国人来说他们的18岁生日标志着一部分生活的结束和另一部分生活的开始此处mark意为标志14Thenewpolicywill________theeldersalotthatpeopleover65cantakebusesfreeofchargeA．discountB．supportC．approveD．benefit　　解析D　考查动词词义辨析句意新政策规定65岁以上的老人乘公交车免费这将使老人们很受益benefit意为使受益对有用符合语境√√15After________theluggageattherailwaystationweleftfortheexhibitionhallinataxiA．claimingB．demandingC．deservingD．obtaining　　解析A　考查动词词义辨析句意在火车站认领过行李后我们乘出租车去了展览大厅此处claim表示认领后三项分别表示要求值得获得都不符合语境16WouldyoumindrepeatingthatIdidntquite________AcatchonB．makeupC．findoutD．takeover　　解析A　考查动词短语辨析句意你介意再重复一遍吗我不太明白catchon意为理解明白makeup意为组成编造findout意为找出查明takeover意为接管根据句意选A项√√17Manychildrenare________inthecountrysidewhentheirparentsfloodintothecitiesforjobsA．leftbehindB．leftoffC．leftasideD．leftout　　解析A　考查动词短语辨析句意许多父母涌入城市找工作而把孩子留在乡下leavebehind意为把留下符合语境leaveoff意为中断停止做某事leaveaside意为搁置一边leaveout意为不包括不提及18Hisfirstbabywasbornsoonafterhegotmarriedwhichseemedtohave________hissenseofresponsibilityAbroughtdownB．broughtoutC．turneddownD．turnedout　　解析B　考查动词短语辨析bringout意为使显示出来句意为婚后不久他的第一个孩子就出生了这好像使他的责任感显现了出来bringdown意为打垮击败turn11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。down意为调低拒绝turnout意为结果是证明是√√19IbelieveitistheonlysolutiontothisproblemThatsdebatableIthinkIcan________fiveothersolutionsthatareasgoodasthatA．comeupwithB．makeupwithC．liveuptoD．keepupwith　　解析A　考查动词短语辨析comeupwith意为提出想出makeupwith意为和重归于好liveupto意为达到符合不辜负keepupwith意为赶上跟上根据题干内容可知A项符合语意即我可以想出五种和那个一样好的解决方法√本身有词义不能单独用作谓语必须跟表语构成系表结构Hearrivedlateworkswimarriveetc不及物动词后不加宾语HeisateacherHealwayskeptsilentatmeetingTheplanturnedoutasuccessberemainkeepstaycontinuestandsitlieproveturnoutworkoutseemappear状态类系动词实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词Hegavemeapresentgivetellsendetc及物动词＋宾语实义动词备注例句例词功能及构成分类一动词分类一览表ThefishwentbadHebecameadoctortwoyearsagoShegrewrichwithinashorttimebecomegrowturnfallgetgocomerunmake变化类大部分的表示变化类的系动词有进行时态但所有的系动词都没有被动结构ThiskindofclothfeelsverysoftThisflowersmellsverysweetfeelsmellsoundtastelook感觉类详见语法专题之情态动词和虚拟语气WecantcarrytheheavyboxHemaycometomorrowWemuststudyhardcancouldmaymightshallshouldwillwouldmustneeddare无人称和数的变化表示说话人的情感态度语气命令推测等必须和动词原形连用构成谓语ought除外情态动词HedoesntlikeEnglishHedidknowthatIhaveboughtacarDoyoulikecollegelifeNeverwillIcomebackbehavedoshall和will的各种形式本身没有词义用以帮助构成时态语态否定句疑问句倒装句等结构不可单独使用须与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语助动词二动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异动词短语构成一览表Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoonlookforwardto动词副词＋介词Iagreewithyouonthat11 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。pointagreewith动词＋介词Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleftturnupturnoff动词副词例句例词构成Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlifetakeplace动词名词Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtimemakeuseof动词名词＋介词考点一考查助动词的用法助动词有beamisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodoesdidwillwouldshallshould它们本身没有词义只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语用来表示时态和语态构成否定疑问及加强语气等1助动词beamisarewerebeen的用法HeistogotoNewYorknextweek表示计划安排或命令betodosthLookatthedarkcloudsItsgoingtorain表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事begoingtodosthThewindowwasbrokenbyTom构成被动语态be过去分词Theyarehavingameeting构成进行时态be现在分词例句用法结构2助动词havehashad的用法Whathaveyoubeendoingthesedays构成完成进行时态havebeen现在分词HehasleftforLondonHaveyouseenthefilmHehadleftforLondonbeforeIcame构成完成时态have过去分词例句用法结构3助动词dodoesdid的用法MymothertoldmetogotobedearlySoIdid代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复HedidbuyanewcaryesterdayDodosomework用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气do动词原形Idonotwanttobecriticized构成实义动词的否定形式donot动词原形DidyoustudyGerman构成一般疑问句do主语动词原形例句用法结构考点二常考的变化类系动词辨析ThingswillcomerightintheendHisdreamwillcometruesoonerorlatercometruecomeright变成为已知的状态证实为comeThetirewentflatHeoftenwenthungryinthepastgobadgoblindgomadgohungryunreportedunnoticed①由好到坏或由正常到不常的变化②保持go例句常用结构用法系动词11