专题05 非谓语动词-备战2021年高考英语之纠错笔记系列（原卷版）

专题05 非谓语动词-备战2021年高考英语之纠错笔记系列（原卷版）

1.Lilydoesn’tfeellike__________（study）abroad.Herparentsareold.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填tostudy。liketodosth.喜欢做某事，偶尔一次喜欢做某事；likedoingsth.后跟动词不定式，经常性地喜欢做某事。看到like，容易误填tostudy。此句表示莉莉不想要出国留学，feellikedoingsth.想要做某事。【试题解析】句意：＂莉蒂亚不想出国读书。（因为）她的父母年纪大了。＂feellikedoingsth.意为＂想要做某事＂，是固定搭配。【参考答案】studying动名词与不定式的不同1)动名词与不定式的区别动名词状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2)接不定式或动名词，意义相近，如：begin/starttodo=begin/startdoing;continuetodo=continuedoing。3)动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingregrettodoregretdoingceasetodoceasedoingtrytodotrydoing goontodogoondoingafraidtodoafraiddoinginterestedtodointeresteddoingmeantodomeandoingbegin/starttodobegin/startdoing常见考法1.不定式作状语；2.it作形式主语代替后面的不定式；3.不定式的否定形式；4.被动语态中的不定式；5.不定式省to情况；6.不定式作定语的情况。误区提醒1.不定式的不同形式误用；2.被动语态中仍然省to；3.否定形式not位置弄错；4.主动语态中该省to不省；5.不定式作定语时丢内容。动名词作宾语a.作动词的宾语，某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词，不能加不定式，如advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,delay,practice,resist,suggest,escape,bear等。►Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfinedwheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.每当违反交通规则时，Mark总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。b.作介词的宾语（单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语），如dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstinto,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。►Weareagainstkillingsmallanimals.我们反对屠杀小动物。►Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我们是休息一下还是继续工作？c.作短语动词的宾语giveup,keepon,putoff,insiston等。 ►Heisoftenpersuadedtogiveupsmoking.他总是被劝戒烟。d.其他情况beworth,bebusy,can’thelp,can’tstand等。►Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.这音乐值得反复听。►Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。不定式作宾语►IwanttospeaktoTom.我想跟Tom谈谈。►Pleaseshowushowtodothat.请给我们演示一下怎么操作。2.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout__________（be）lateforschool.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填been或be。worriedabout...是过去分词短语作状语，【试题解析】句意：一天早上，我正在等公交车，担心上学会迟到。介词about后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故填being。【参考答案】being3.__________（ignore）thedifferencesbetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】分析不清句子成分，易误填Ignore。【试题解析】句意：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是willbe；＂oneoftheworstmistakes...＂是表语；youmake是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，＂__________thedifferencesbetweenthetworesearchfindings＂是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。【参考答案】Ignoring动名词作主语：a.直接位于句首作主语。►Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。b.it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile等。►Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.告诉他没必要担心。注意：important,essential,necessary之后常用不定式。 c.用于＂Therebe＂结构中。►Thereisnosayingwhenhe’llcome.不知道他什么时候回来。d.用于布告形式的省略结构中。►Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here).（这里）禁止抽烟。►Noparking.禁止停车。e.动名词的复合结构作主语。►Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.他们的到来及提供的帮助对我们来说是极大地鼓励。动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较a.动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指。►Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.抽烟对健康有害。►Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.抽这么多烟对你不好。b.在Itisnouse...,Itisnogood...,Itisfun...,Itisawasteoftime...等句型中，常用动名词作真实主语。►Itisnousetalkingaboutthat.说那些没有用。►Itisnogoodquarrelingwithhim.跟他吵架没好处。c.在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，不用不定式的复合结构作主语。►Doesyoursayingthatmeananythingtohim?你说那个对他意味着什么对吗？d.在＂Therebe＂句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。►Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.没有被告知将要发生什么。e.句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：►Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。4.No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished__________（make）them,sohecouldn’thavedoneit.【错因分析】易误填havingmade。有的考生误以为是-ing形式的完成式作宾语，从而误填havingmade。【试题解析】finish后只能接名词、代词或-ing形式作宾语，故填making。【参考答案】making。常见后跟动名词的动词有：acknowledge承认，自认cease停止mention说到，讲到 admit承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌advocate提倡，主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate感激，欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can’thelp不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避can’tstand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好favor造成，偏爱mind介意repent悔悟figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原谅permit允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险involve卷入，包含practise实行，实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想5.WhenIcamein,mynaughtysonpretended__________（read）.【错因分析】toread。有的考生以为这里是不定式的一般式作宾语，从而误填toread。【试题解析】根据语境，这里的pretended后要接tobedoing作宾语，表示＂我＂进来时，儿子假装＂正在做什么＂。本句意为：我进来时，我那顽皮的儿子假装在看书。【参考答案】tobereading常见后跟动词不定式的动词有：attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法，图谋incline有……倾向propose提议seek找，寻觅try试图【归纳】决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help1.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_______.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton2.—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynot_______byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogo C.totryandgoD.trygoing3.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning4.Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen5.Thepatientwaswarned_______onlyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating6.Daysofsnowstormshaveleftthecity________underthicklayersoficeandsome50,000homeswithoutpower.A.tobetrappedB.trappedC.havingtrappedD.beingtrapped7.Expertswarnthatmedicalwastefromhospitals,if________properly,maycontributetospreadingdiseases.A.nothandledB.notbeinghandledC.nottobehandledD.nothavingbeenhandled8.Facedwithabillfor$10,000,________.A.SmithhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenSmithanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoSmith1.Astudyoftravelers__________（conduct）bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld. 【错因分析】conducting。有的考生以为此处为-ing形式作后置定语而误填conducting。【试题解析】根据句意和句子结构可知，study和conduct之间为被动关系（同时注意空格后的介词by），所以使用过去分词作后置定语。【参考答案】conducted。过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词作定语►OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。►Thoseselectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。动名词作定语和动词不定式作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：►awalkingstick=astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalking►awashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashing►areadingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreading不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。►Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。2.Whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto＂aircondition＂ahousewithout________（use）electricequipment.【错因分析】used。有的考生认为此处为过去分词作定语而误填used。【试题解析】由空格前的介词without可知，空格处应该使用动名词形式。【参考答案】using 动名词和现在分词的同与不同相同之处：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。►Speakinginthepublic,hewillsurelybeverycheerful.能做演讲，他肯定很开心。（现在分词短语，作状语）►Shehatesspeakinginthepublic.她讨厌做演讲。（动名词短语，作宾语）区别：1）动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：a.作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于＂是＂，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变。►Myhobbyisswimming.可改为：Swimmingismyhobby.我的爱好是游泳。b.现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置，例如：►Thestoryisinteresting.不可改为：Interestingisthestory.这个故事很有趣。2）动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。比较：aswimmingboy一个正在游泳的男孩，即aboywhoisswimming，现在分词swimming表示被修饰名词boy的动作。aswimmingsuit游泳衣，即asuitforswimming，动名词swimming表示suit的用途。常见考法1.动名词做主语时，谓语动词的数；2.在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词；3.动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语；4.有些词后只能接动名词；5.另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法。误区提醒1.动名词(短语)作主语，谓语数用错；2.to作不定式符号和介词分不清；3.否定形式not位置不对；4.动名词和现在分词的用法弄混；5.只接动名词的动词和短语、句型识记不完整。 1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use2.Iwouldappreciate__________backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling3.Whatworriedthechildmostwas__________tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed4.__________themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending5.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim__________onabench,withhiseyes__________onakiteinthesky.A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed6.__________bybeautifulgreenmountainsandlocatedatthefootofLushanMountainmakesitafamoustouristattraction.A.SurroundedB.BeingsurroundedC.HavingbeensurroundedD.Surrounding7.Asisknowntoall,MontrealisthesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworld,__________.A.ParisisthelargestB.ParisbeingthelargestC.ParistobethelargestD.Parisbethelargest8.Puteverything__________toyouinyourbag,notothers.A.belongsB.belongedC.belongingD.tobelong9.Everyoneinthiscountryshouldworkhardanddowhattheycan__________againstnationalsmog.A.fightB.foughtC.fightingD.tofight10.—Shallweputoffthematchbecauseofthebadweather?—No.Rainorshine,thematchwillbeheldas__________.A.scheduleB.schedulingC.scheduledD.toschedule 1.Peter’sChinesewaspoorwhenhecametoChina,sohecouldn’tmakehimself__________（understand）.（单句语法填空）【错因分析】易误填understand。有些同学一看到make，就想起了makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。易误填understand。但是此句中主语是he，make后面是himself，表达的是使他自己被听懂，被弄明白。makeoneselfdone使某人自己被……。【试题解析】句意：＂当彼得来中国时，他的汉语很差，所以他不能清楚地表达自己＂。himself与understand为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填understood。【参考答案】understood过去分词作宾语补足语►Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语。►Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。2.Hehadhiswatch__________(steal)onthebustheotherday.【错因分析】tobestone。有的考生误以为是不定式的被动式作补语，从而误填tobestolen。【试题解析】根据句意，这里是被动，由havesthdone（使某物被做）可知，空格处应该填steal的过去分词作补语。本句意为：前几天在公交车上他的手表被人偷了。【参考答案】stolen不定式作宾补 ►Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.take2.Unless________,thefridgewon’tworkproperly.A.repairingB.havingrepairedC.beingrepairedD.repaired3.—What’sintheparcel?—Someclothes________tooursonthisafternoon.A.sentB.beingsentC.tosendD.tobesent4.Theyoungactorhasbrokenhismarriagefaithwithhiswifeforanotheractress,________muchcommentagainsthiminblogs.A.settingoffB.tosetapartC.settingforthD.toseton5.________anewhouseisimpossiblefortheyoungcouplebecausetheyhaven’tsavedenoughmoney.A.BuyB.BuyingC.BoughtD.Havingbought6.Everybook________fromthelibraryshouldbereturnedontime.A.borrowB.toborrowC.borrowingD.borrowed7.________fromJ.K.Rowling’sbookseriesofthesametitle,theHarryPottermoviesareuniversallyacknowledgedasclassics.A.AdaptingB.HavingadaptedC.AdaptedD.Tobeadapted8.________toteaching,asweknow,contributestohispopularitywithhisstudents.A.TodevoteB.Devoted C.BeingdevotedD.Devoting9.Pleasespeakaloudtomakeyourself_________(hear).1.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_________(wear)sunglasses.2.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_________(be)lateforschool.3.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.4.Still,theboykept_________(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.5.Wegotalittle_________(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn’tmind.6.MyolderbrotherandIarebusy_________(arrange)atriptoAfrica.]7.QuwasaministeroftheStateofChu_________(situate)inpresentdayHunanandHubeiProvinces，duringtheWarringStatesPeriod(战国时期).8.LastweekendasIwasridinginthebikelanealongsidethetruck,wereachedacrossinganditturnedtotheright,_________(hit)meandmybicycle.。X。K]9.Afterluckily_________(succeed)inthenationalcollegeentranceexamination,Irealizedmydreamagain:aftergraduation,Ibecameacitizenworkinginacity.10.Mostofthefishtherewas_________(freeze),butwehadnotmuchtroublefindingsomefreshfishattheotherpartofthemarket.11.Well,italwaystakestimetoconsiderbefore_________(make)adecision.12.Now,themerchant’s1stwifeisaveryloyalpartnerandhasmadegreatcontributionsinmaintaininghiswealthandbusinessaswellas_________(take)careofthehousehold.13.Eventually,Idecided_________(contact)UniversityStudentLegalServicesforhelpaboutthismatter.14.WooSingstopped_________(think)aboutthesestrangeactions,sayingtohimself,＂Thisboyisfoolingme.HedoeseverythingthatIdo.＂15.Mostprobably,itmayleadtoasmalltalkwhichoftenbringsharmordisrespecttoothers,thus_________(hurt)others’feelings.16.Yes,andthereisalotofpointsofviewwhenyoulistentotalkshows.Iusuallyenjoy_________(listen)to them.17.Takingataxiisfivetimesasexpensiveas_________(take)abus.18.Ithenrealizedshehadnoarmsorlegs,justahead,aneckandupperbody,_________(dress)inalittlewhiteskirt.19.Thepriceoftea_________(pick)inMarchisextremelyhigh.[来20.Wehavealsoformedaspecialsupportgrouptohelpyoungpeoplestop_________(smoke).21.Weofferthemthreechoices:theendofMarch,themiddleofAprilandthebeginningofMay,andtheychosetheearliestone,whichisgoodactuallywithexams_________(come)upinMay.22.We’vegottorememberthisgroupwantstolookathowtheInternetisbeing_________(use)intheclassroom.23.Anexcellentreputationandhighrankingsarecertainlyimportant,accordingtoasurvey_________(conduct)byShanghaiMunicipalEducationCommissionin50Shanghaihighschoolsthissummer.24.Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always_________(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.25.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________