专题13 语法填空（三）——从句复习-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

专题13 语法填空（三）——从句复习-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

专题13 语法填空（三）——从句复习 方法与知识 中等生在进行了基础知识复习之后，把重点转到：1.熟悉高考题型；2.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；3.精选难度适中的训练题。‎ 定语从句 命题规律 ‎ 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。‎ 定语从句基本考点：‎ ‎（1）关系代词引导的定语从句 ①who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。‎ ②which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。‎ ③whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。‎ ‎（2）关系副词引导的定语从句 ①关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。‎ 需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。‎ ②the way后面的定语从句的关系词。‎ ‎ 在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。‎ ‎（3）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ① “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。‎ ② “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。‎ ③ “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) ‎ 需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a.‎ ‎ 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。‎ ‎（4）as和which引导的定语从句 ① as引导的限制性定语从句 关系代词as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：‎ a. as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。‎ b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。‎ c. as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。‎ ‎（5）定语从句中的主谓一致 ①关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ②“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。‎ 名词性从句 命题规律 名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。‎ 名词性从句基本考点：‎ ‎（1）名词性从句的连接词 ①连接词that，whether和if I. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。‎ II. whether与if的用法比较 二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。‎ 在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。‎ e. 可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。‎ ②连接代词 引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。‎ ③连接副词 引导名词性从句的连接副词有： when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。‎ ‎（2）主语从句 ①主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。‎ ②that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。‎ I. It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句 II. It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句 III. It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that从句 IV. It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句 注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，natural＋that从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。‎ b. 在“It＋be＋suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，required＋that从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)＋动词原形”。‎ ‎（3）宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。‎ ①动词的宾语从句 I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。‎ 注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。‎ II. ‎ 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。‎ ②一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。‎ 注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。‎ b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。‎ ③sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。‎ ‎（4）表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类：‎ ①主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”的形式。‎ ②主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。‎ ③because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。‎ ‎（5）同位语从句 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。‎ ①能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。‎ ②同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。‎ ③有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。‎ ‎（6）名词性从句的几个难点 ①that通常不可省略的四种情况：‎ I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。‎ II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。‎ III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。‎ IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。‎ ②what与that的区别：‎ what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。‎ 状语从句 命题规律 考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题，对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as， when， while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。‎ 状语从句基本考点：‎ ‎（1）时间状语从句 ① when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。‎ ② while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。‎ ③ as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。‎ ④ as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。‎ 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。‎ ⑤before/since a. 表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就……”。‎ b. It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。‎ c. since的常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) ‎ ⑥until/till ‎ 主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。‎ ‎（2）地点状语从句 ① 通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。‎ ② 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。‎ ③ where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。‎ ‎ where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。‎ ‎（3）条件状语从句 ① 通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。‎ ②由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎（4）让步状语从句 ① 让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if (though)，whatever (wherever，whoever...)，whether...or...，no matter who (when，what...) 等引导。‎ ② while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。‎ ‎（5）原因状语从句和方式状语从句 ① 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。‎ ② 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。‎ ‎（6）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。‎ 特殊句式 命题规律 从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。‎ 特殊句式基本考点：‎ ‎（1）倒装句 ① 完全倒装 a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。‎ b. 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。‎ ② 部分倒装 a. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。‎ b. 否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。‎ c. 当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。‎ d. hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。‎ e. 在so...that...和such...that...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。‎ f. as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序) ‎ ‎（2）强调句型 ① 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。‎ ② 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。‎ ③ 如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。‎ ④ do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。‎ ‎（3）省略 ①在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。‎ ②I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。‎ ③不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。‎ 注意：用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边，但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时，be 和 have不能省略。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎【例1】 He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher.‎ ‎【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”‎ ‎【解析】nor 并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。‎ ‎【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.‎ ‎【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。‎ ‎【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.‎ ‎【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。‎ ‎【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.‎ ‎【解析】that　引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。‎ ‎【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.‎ ‎【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。‎ ‎【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.‎ ‎【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.‎ ‎【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。‎ ‎【例9】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ ‎【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。‎ ‎【例10】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.‎ ‎【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。‎ ‎【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.‎ ‎【解析】until/till 表示“一直到……”。‎ ‎【例12】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ ‎【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词？‎ ‎(1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。‎ ‎(2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。‎ 体验高考 ‎【全国高考浙江11月真题】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s___36___ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, ___37___means you’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few ___38___ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough ___39___the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary----you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.‎ One of the___40___ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to ___41___(real)read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it___42___(sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while___43___(read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and ___44___(they)use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words___45___(learn)this way in conversations almost automatically.‎ ‎【答案】36. an 37. which 38. months 39. for 40. effective 41. really 42. sounds ‎ ‎43. reading 44. their 45. learned/learnt ‎【解析】本文讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。‎ ‎36. 考查冠词。句意：“和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程”，由语境可知填一个， “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。‎ ‎37. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，57 means you’ll … 空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。‎ ‎38. 考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a ‎ few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。‎ ‎39. 考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。‎ ‎40. 考查词性转换。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“有效的方法之一”，因此填effective。‎ ‎41. 考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填really。‎ ‎42. 考查谓语动词。句意：“这件事并不像听起来那么难”，描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.‎ ‎43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. 【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Take a tour of Monkey Park Situated between Jerusalem and the coastal city of Tel Aviv, Israel’s Monkey Park is home _____1_____ more than two hundred and fifty different species of monkeys.‎ Considered one of the country’s most popular animal ______2______(attraction), it offers a unique experience as it ______3______(run) by the Israeli Primate Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose aim is to provide a rehabilitation(康复) center for monkeys while ______4______(educate) the public about these lovely creatures.‎ Over the last two years the park ______5______(receive) 610 monkeys from a breeding farm that shut down. Most monkeys in ______6______ park live in enclosures(圈地). Visitors are able to view them up close and, thanks to one ______7______(special) designed section, are even able to interact with them. Right outside the visiting area is the rehabilitation center. That’s _____8_____ monkeys who need care are being nursed back to health.‎ Among the family-friendly activities ______9______(offer) at Monkey Park for human visitors are workshops, rides and wall climbing. There are also comprehensive guided walking tours, ______10______ last up to three hours.‎ One feature of the Monkey Park is the children’s playground. But it’s still the monkeys that attract people most.‎ ‎【答案】1. to 2. attractions 3. is run 4. educatin 5. has received 6. the 7. specially 8. where 9. offered 10. which ‎【解析】文章介绍了猴子公园，包括它的地理位置，特点，经营模式等。‎ ‎1. to考查介词。句意：以色列的猴子公园位于耶路撒冷和特拉维夫海滨城市之间，有210多种不同种类的猴子。home to是…的故乡，故填to.‎ ‎2. attractions考查名词复数。句意：它被认为是该国最受欢迎的动物景点之一，动物景点用名词复数形式，故填attractions。 ‎ ‎3. is run考查时态和语态。句意：它是由以色列灵长类基金会管理的，表示这个动作现在的情况，用一般现在时态；是被管理的，用被动语态。故填is run。‎ ‎4. educating考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是提供为猴子提供一个康复(康复)中心同时教育公众有关这些可爱的生物。故填educating。‎ ‎5. has received考查时态。句意：该公园已经从饲养场中接收了610只猴子。用完成时态，故填has received。‎ ‎6. the考查冠词。句意：公园里大多数猴子生活在围墙里。这个公园the park，故填the。‎ ‎7. specially考查副词。句意：而且多亏了一个特别设计的部分。特别地specially副词作状语，故填specially。‎ ‎8. where考查连词。句意：在那里，需要照顾的猴子正被照顾着恢复健康。where引导表语从句。故填where。‎ ‎2. 【广东省广州市2018届高三12月调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antoni van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antoni ‎ was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes ___1___ he’d built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog ___2___ (draw) his attention to a puddle.‎ Antoni collected a drop of puddle water and put it ___3___ his microscope. He was amazed___4___ (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.‎ These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere: in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People ___5___ (cover) in them, too. ___6___ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion!‎ Microbes can’t survive on ___7___ (they) own. They need food. After ___8___ (settle) into a home — you, for instance — they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. ___9___ (lucky) for you, there are more ___10___ (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.‎ ‎【答案】1. that 2. drew 3. under 4. to see 5. are covered ‎ ‎6. If 7. their 8. settling 9. Luckily 10. helpful ‎【解析】本文是人物介绍。安东尼是来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜如此着迷，以致于他自己也有了很多的发现。一天在散步时一只小青蛙跳进水坑，引起了他的注意，他对那里的水进行了研究，从发现了细菌。为人类做出了巨大的贡献。‎ ‎2. drew ‎ ‎ 考查谓语动词的时态。句意; 一个雨天，他出去散步时，一只跳跃的青蛙把他的注意力集中在水坑上。根据文章内容可知是讲述过去的一件事，故要用一般过去时，因此draw要用过去式drew。‎ ‎3. under ‎ 考查介词。句意：安东尼收集一滴水坑的水，把水放在显微镜。根据常识，要把被观察的东西放在显微镜下面（under）.故填under.‎ ‎4. to see ‎ ‎ 考查固定句式。句意; 他惊讶地看到一整群生物在这一滴水中游动，这种微小的生物以前从未有人见过.。sb be +adj.+ to do sth，为固定句式,因此填to see.‎ ‎5. are covered ‎ 考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意：这些微小的生物被称为微生物，到处都是：灰尘、食物和厨房桌子。人们身上也被他们所覆盖。人们与微生物是被动关系，根据句子的结构可知本空是句子的谓语动词，故填are covered。‎ ‎6. If ‎ 考查连词。句意：如果你要计算你体内外所有的微生物，你会发现你身体上的细菌比世界上的人还更多的微生物——超过60亿！分析句子可知本句中缺少连词，分析句意可知是条件状语从句，故选If。‎ ‎7. their 考查固定搭配。句意; 微生物不能独自生存。On one’s own，为固定搭配，“独自”。故用their。‎ ‎8. settling ‎ 考查非谓语在省略句中的应用。分析句子可知。Settle的逻辑主语，是they，他们在逻辑上主动关系，因此可省略从句的主语，二者之间的关系是主动的，用动词的ing形式作状语，故选settling。 ‎ ‎9. Luckily 考查副词。根据下文说有很多细菌来帮助我们，说明我们是幸运地，故填Luckily.‎ ‎10. helpful ‎3. 【河北省保定市2018届高三上学期期末调研考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Geoff Edwards, a 52-year-old man who spent most of his adult life sleeping rough and ___1___ (sell) copies of a to help the homeless, has been admitted to Cambridge University.‎ Geoff Edwards said he left school at ___2___ young age with two qualifications and few ambitions, then ended up homeless in the city of Cambridge after work ___3___ a field laborer dried up.‎ Now Edwards is studying English literature, having completed a college course ___4___ (design) for adults who want to return to ___5___ (educate) or need extra qualifications to go on to university. “I didn’t think of applying to Cambridge —I didn’t think Cambridge University ___6___ (take) someone like me, but my course tutor encouraged me to apply.___7___ (luck) enough, I was accepted.” Edwards said in a statement, “It is the first thing ___8___ made me feel proud ‎ in my life. For it had always been my dream ___9___ (attend) Cambridge.”‎ The case of Geoff Edwards has confirmed an old Chinese saying—it is never too old to learn. Many people can follow ___10___ (he) example and make achievements.‎ ‎【答案】1. selling 2. a 3. as 4. designed 5. education 6. would take ‎ ‎7. Luckily 8. that 9. to attend 10. his ‎【解析】 本文为新闻。主要讲述了英国一个52岁流浪汉杰夫·爱德华兹的被剑桥录取的故事。‎ ‎1. selling 考查固定搭配。句意：近日，英国名校剑桥大学录取了一名52岁男子，他成年后大部分时间露宿街头，靠卖一份杂志为让。分析句子可知，spend time（ in ）doing sth。因此在这儿是spend his adult life in(selling)，故用selling.‎ ‎2. a 考查固定搭配。 at an age， 为固定搭配，“在…年纪”，at a young age ，在年轻的时候。因此要用a。‎ ‎3. as 考查固定搭配。句意：他成了剑桥市的一名流浪汉。work as 为固定搭配，“作为，充当”，因此要用as。‎ ‎4. designed 考查过去分词作定语。句意：爱德华兹现在主修英国文学，且已经修完了一门专为成年人设计的大学课程。分析a college course designed for adults可知，a college course与design是被动关系，课程是被设计的，要用过去分词作后置定语。因此要用 designed。‎ ‎5. education 考查名词。句意：想重新再受教育的人。return to 中的to 介词，后面要用名词，因此要用educate的名词education ‎6. would take 考查动词的时态。句意：我之前没有想过申请剑桥大学---我认为剑桥大学不会选我这样的人。would，是will的过去式，表示“意愿”，或将来时。根据句意可知，开始爱德华认为剑桥大学不会录取他，要用过去将来时，因此用would take.‎ ‎7. Luckily 考查副词。句意：幸运的是我被录取了。分析句子可知，Luck是名词，而本句是修饰我被录取这件事，因此要用副词形式，故用 Luckily。 ‎ ‎8. that 考查定语从句。句意：这是我此生我为自己感到骄傲的第一件事情。分析句子It is the first thing ___8___ made me feel proud in my life.可知，本句中的the first thing 是先行词，后面被定语从句修饰，而the first thing在从句中作made的主语 。先行词是物，但又被序数词the first修饰，因此要用关系词that。‎ ‎4. 【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquettes（礼仪）.” According to historical documents, as early as 2,600 years ago, this nation has already established a thorough set ____1____ dining etiquettes.‎ A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man ____2____(have) a drink in a bar. Chekhov said, “Before drinking from his cup, he held ____3____ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bar tenders, ____4____ (say) ‘qing (please).’ This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, ____5____ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip （一小口）, he ____6____ (eat) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese ____7____ (coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite nationality…” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person ‎___8___ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt ____9____ (serious) with; the ____10____ (important) the occasion, the more complex the procedures were.‎ ‎【答案】1. of 2. to have 3. it 4. saying 5. but 6. ate 7. coins 8. that ‎ ‎9. seriously 10. more important ‎【解析】本文属于社会类文章。中国自古就是“礼仪之邦”，文章通过讲述19世纪俄国作家契科夫对酒吧里中国人饮酒礼仪的描述，说明了中国人们对礼仪的重视。‎ ‎1. of 考查固定搭配。。句意：中国一直是一个“礼仪这邦”。据记载，早在2600年前，这个国家已经建立了一套完备的用餐礼仪。A set of ，为固定搭配“一套”故用of .‎ ‎2. to have ‎3. it 考查代词。指代上文中的cup，为同一物。‎ ‎4. saying 考查非谓语动词。Say在此表伴随，且与主语he之间是主动关系，故填动词-ing形式。在他喝酒之前，…说，“请”,故用saying.‎ ‎5. but 考查连词。not … but… 不是……而是……。句意：他们不像我们一样，一次喝完一杯，而是每次喝一点。故用but.‎ ‎6. ate ‎ 考查时态。本文是叙述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。句意：他每喝一小口酒，就吃些东西。故要用ate。‎ ‎7. coins ‎ 考查名词的数。coin为可数名词，被some修饰，用复数。‎ ‎8. that 考查定语从句关系代词。本句的先行词为opinion，且被形容词最高级修饰，故用that来引导。‎ ‎9. seriously 考查副词。修饰动词用副词。句意：中国传统的晚餐程序很长还要认真对待。Serious用于修饰动词deal with，形容词不修饰动词，故要用副词seriously。‎ ‎10. more important 考查形容词比较级分析句意可知，场合越重要，程序越复杂。本句为句型The more… the more….“越…,,,越……”，因此要用比较级more important ‎5. 【湖北省武汉市武昌区2018届高三年级元月调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。‎ A boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body ____1____ that little hole. Suddenly it stopped ____2____ (make) any progress because it ____3____(stick). So he cut off the remaining part of the cocoon. ____4____ it had a swollen body and small wings, the butterfly then came out ____5____(easy). The boy waited for the wings to become ____6____(large) to support it. But it didn’t happen. In fact, it must have ____7____ hard struggle to get its ____8____(free) from the cocoon. The boy didn’t understand that the restricting cocoon and the struggle ____9____(need) by the butterfly were a way to prepare itself for flying once it was out of the cocoon.‎ Our struggles in life develop our strength, without ____10____ we never get stronger, so it’s ‎ important for us to handle challenges on our own, and not to rely on others for help.‎ ‎【答案】1. through 2. making 3. was stuck 4. Although/Though 5. easily 6. larger ‎ ‎7. a 8. freedom 9. needed 10. which ‎【解析】本文通过小男孩帮助一只蝴蝶剥茧而出却适得其反的故事。告诉我们一个道理：当我们遇到问题或困难时，多挣扎一下，就能起飞。‎ ‎1. 考查介词。小男孩发现蝴蝶想让它的身体通过那个小洞。表示“通过，名词前用介词。故填through。‎ ‎2. 考查非谓语动词。stop doing。表示“停止正在做的事情”。故填making。‎ ‎3. 考查谓语动词。because引导状语从句，主语后面缺少谓语动词，它和卡住是被动关系，故事发生在过去用一般过去时。故填was stuck。‎ ‎4. 考查状语从句引导词。根据语境得知尽管身体臃肿、翅膀短小，蝴蝶轻松破茧。表示让步。故填Athough/Though。‎ ‎5. 考查副词。副词修饰动词，容易地修饰出来。故填easily。‎ ‎6. 考查形容词比较级。根据前面的small wings,得知小男孩等待蝴蝶翅膀变得更大些。故填larger。‎ ‎7. 考查冠词。一段艰难的挣扎。表示泛指“一个”，名词前用冠词。故填a。‎