2020二轮复习阅读教学——深度阅读

2020二轮复习阅读教学——深度阅读

2020 二轮复习阅读理解教学 —— 文本拓展 《普通高中英语课程标准》明确提出 “ 加强对学生学习 策略 的指导，帮助他们形成自主学习能力 ” 。在此思想引导下的高考真题越来越注重基础性、综合性、应用性与创新性，越来越强调英语学科核心素养、立德树人功能。 这就要求我们在语篇教学中，不仅通过语篇使学生语言能力得到训练和提升，更要引领学生关注自我发展，培养他们的创新思维。 但是在我们现实教学中，对于承载着最为丰富信息的阅读理解材料讲评中，却存在着“对答案”、“纠错误”以及“填鸭式”的讲解上，忽略了引导学生对于好的文本进行“ 再学习 ”的过程，让学生处于被动学习、被“灌输”的状态。这样弱化了学生的语言能力训练强度，严重地影响了学生语言形成能力、观察认知能力和逻辑思维能力的训练和提升。 那么怎样借助教材以外的其他语料，构建以语篇为载体，以提升学生语言学习能力为目标的阅读理解评讲模式呢？笔者结合自己的教学实践，探索出了不被阅读理解题目本身束缚，不陷入满堂灌式乏味讲解的阅读理解评讲“四步曲”，即： 提炼一篇短文，学习两个句子，掌握三个短语，会用四个单词 。 以 2019 年全国卷 I 的 A 篇 为例： Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible ( 符合条件 ) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities ( 社区 ). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities ( 机会 ) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17. 23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company. C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities. （一）常规讲评旧模式 21 、 22 、 23 题均为事实细节理解题，较简单，一般在文章可以直接找到或者稍加归纳就可解决。如：第 21 题根据第五段 Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. 可知， Summer Company 为创业者提供奖金，显然与 B 项意思一致，故选 B 项。第 22 题根据第八段 Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. 可知，雇佣时的年龄要在 16-17 岁，于是在 12 月 31 日前不能超过 18 岁，故选 D 项。第 23 题 . 根据最后一段最后一句 Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 可知， Summer Employment Opportunities 有给残疾的人提供工作优待，故选 D 项。 A 篇阅读题目一般较简单，多多鼓励学生阅读 A 篇争取得满分。 （二）阅读增值“四步曲” 常规评讲完之后，我们不可浪费这么好的语料。因为这篇阅读紧扣《新课标》“人与自我”中第 8 项“未来职业发展趋势，个人职业倾向、未来规划等”和第 9 项“创新与创业意识”，我们正好可以借机来开展关于“高中生职业规划”课堂了。在“规划”前，我们先借助这篇自然“语料”，按照“四步曲”来吸收“好料”： 通过 “循环阅读”来掌握“ 1 ”个语篇（段落或全文）的主旨大意或要点图，训练和提升学生的逻辑性、批判性思维和概括能力。以此篇阅读理解的主旨为例： （段落或全文的）主旨大意（ What is the main idea of this passage? What is the best title of this passage? ） The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. “ 1 ” 步曲 ：提炼一篇短文。 或要点图 (Anchor chart) ： 通过语篇学习“ 2 ”个实用句型或长难句，在巩固夯实基础的同时，也能培养和提高学生自主学习能力。以此篇阅读里的两个长难句为例： （ 1 ） If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible ( 符合条件 ) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. 【译文】 如果你是生活在该省某些地区的一个十几岁的青少年，你可能有资格参加这个能提供 8 周的有偿就业和培训的项目。 【分析】 此句是 - 一个复合句。句中 If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the provinces 是条件状语从句，从句中 living in certain parts of the provinces 是现在分词做后置定语； which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training 是一个非限制性定语从句对前面先行词 this program 进行修饰、进一步解说。 【一型多用】 此句中 If ... 引导的条件状语从句是个“俏”句型： ①“俏”进“鼓励”里： If you are doing your best, you will not have to worry about failure. ②“俏”进“建议”里： If you need more information, just let me know in advance. ③“俏”进“感谢”里： I would appreciate it if you can help me. ④“俏”进 “邀请”里： If there is a chance, welcome to China ， I also would like to invite you to watch dragon boat racing. “ 2 ” 步曲 ：学习两个句子。 （ 2 ） Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.   【译文】 通过暑期工项目，学生每年能够得到各种各样的暑期工作，包括省公共服务机构，以及与之相关的机构和社区组织。 【理解难点】 position n. （一词多义）工作； “across” prep. “ 遍及，在 ...... 各处 ” ； “its” 指代的是 “the Provincial Public Service” ； related adj . 相关的。 “ 3 ” 步曲 ：掌握三个短语。 通过语篇学习“ 3 ”个或者多个重点、常用短语。以此篇阅读里的 3 个常用短语为例 ， 并附带针对性的语用训练题： （ 1 ） up to 最多有，达到； 翻译：这个帐篷至多能睡十个人。 （ 2 ） a variety of 各种各样的 翻译：庆祝会上将会有各种丰富多彩的文艺表演和各种美食。 （ 3 ） all (the) year around 一年到头 （迁移： the whole year ， the entire year ） 翻译：昆明是个好地方，全年都暖和。 Key: （ 1 ） Up to ten people can sleep in this tent. （ 2 ） There will be a variety of colorful brilliant performances and plenty of food and drink during the celebration. （ 3 ） Kunming is a good place that is warm all (the) year round. “ 4 ” 步曲 ：会用四个单词。 通过语篇学习，掌握至少 “4” 个重点、常用单词，提高学生的词汇实际语用能力。以此篇阅读里“挖”出的词汇为例，并针对性附带巩固性语用练习： 1. 写出下列单词在文中的中文意思。 1 ） available adj 2 ） build v. 3 ） run v. 4 ） apply v. Key:1) 可用的，可得到的 2) 增强 3) 经营 4) 申请 2. 根据句意用恰当的词或括号里所给词适当的形式填空。 1 ） There's no money available an office party this year. 2 ） I think playing basketball is a good way (build) up one's body and relax oneself. 3 ） He has (run) his own company since he left school. 4 ） I’m writing to apply this volunteer job. Key: 1)for 2)to build 3) been running/run 4) for （三）“四步曲”后再升华 在阅读理解题评讲“四步曲”后，即通过大量、多样性信息输入，帮助学生建立语感直觉；学生获取的信息得到有效的内化后，我们可引导着学生灵活采用以下方式将学习过程再升华： 1.Contemplate （沉思，思考） 这一环节的目的就是启发和培养学生良好的逻辑性、批判性思维能力。以此篇阅读为例，接下来我们可如是引导学生去深度思考： 1 ） What is your favorite summer / future job? 2 ） Where can we find the summer job? 3 ） What should we pay more attention to when we find a job?... 2.Comment （评论，意见）环节 这一环节的目的就是引导学生对所学内容进行评论和评价，培养学生的批判思维能力。以此篇阅读为例，接下来我们可如是引导学生去探讨： What do you think of these programs? Why? 3.Create （创造，创新） 这一环节的目的就是引导学生通过自主学习、合作学习、探究性学习进行创新思维，创新能力的培养。我们通过这些环节，来强化学生知识的输出与迁移能力。我们“借助”语篇，学生进行了有效的语言积累，有效消化吸收后，利用其话题语境来个“展示课”让学生进行语言输出性的口（笔）头训练，来展示他们的学习成果和创造力，让他们感受到语言学习的乐趣，并获得成就感和满足感。 如：建议学生充分“利用” 2019 年全国卷 I 的 A 篇 这篇应用文的内容，发挥自己的创造力 --- 写作文，编对话，表演等。 有位同学参考 A 篇内容写封 E-mail 咨询信： Dear Sir or Madam, How are you doing? I am , a 17-year-old teenager living in Wu Han province . Recently, I have learned from your website that you offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. So, I am writing to ask you some relevant questions. To begin with, I wish I would be a member of the location of natural resource management project .From the website, I know that I need relevant training before work ,please tell me the training place, the training time and the detailed content of training .What's more, I would appreciate it if you can tell me in detail . Hopefully, you can help me with the questions above. I am sincerely looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 本次模拟考试 A 篇也可以按照上面的做法进行拓展 A Why go to Madrid ? There may be a slight chill( 寒冷 ) in the air ， with temperatures staying around 15℃ in March ， but Spain’s handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up ． Even more attractive are the cultural events ． A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist ， Picasso ， has just opened in the studio at the Fundación Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23 ． It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family ． Later this summer ， the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance( 文艺复兴 ) painter E1 Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseo del Prado from 24 June to 5October ． How to go ? The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol ， Edinburgh ， Gatwick ， Liverpool and Luton ． British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City ． Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted ； Air Europa flies from Gatwick. Barajas airport is 13kin north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8 ， but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes ． The fare to any station in the city centre is €4 ． 50 ． The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock ； €5 one way ． It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre ． A taxi takes half the time ． A flat rate of €30 covers most of central Madrid ． Thanks