【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元学案设计（155页word版）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元学案设计（155页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit4Wildlife protection单元学案设计 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．citizen n．　　公民 ‎2．resident n. 居民 ‎3．habitant n. 居民；居住者 ‎4．growth n. 增长 ‎5．immigrant n. 移民 ‎6．migration n. 迁移；移居 ‎7．rural adj. 乡村的 ‎8．urban adj. 城市的；市郊的 ‎9．ageing n．& adj. 老龄化；变老的 ‎10．increase vi.& n. 增加 ‎11．decrease vi. 减少 ‎12．decline vi. 降低；下降 ‎13．settle down 定居下来 ‎14．settle in 在……居住；安顿下来 ‎15．birth/death rate 出生/死亡率 ‎16．floating population 流动人口 ‎17．have a population of 有……的人口 ‎18．migrant worker 农民工 ‎19．population density 人口密度 ‎20．universal twochild policy 全面两孩政策 ‎1．deputy n. 　　　　　　　 副职；代表 ‎2．inhabitant n. 居民 ‎3．bureau n. 局；办事处 ‎4．provision n. [pl.] 给养；口粮；准备；设备；装置 ‎5．personnel n. [pl.] 全体人员；职工；人事部门 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．With the development of economy and growth of its population, more and more good farmland has been used to build houses and factories.随着经济的发展和人口的增长，越来越多的良田被用来建造房屋和工厂。‎ ‎2．It covers a total area of 7,434.4 square kilometers with a population of 14.0435 million.‎ 它的总面积是7 434.4平方千米，总人口是1 404.35万。‎ ‎3．China has the largest number of inhabitants in the world.Its population is approximately the same as the populations of India and the U．K. put together.中国拥有世界上最多的人口，它的人口接近印度和英国两国人口的总和。‎ ‎4．However, the low birthrate will cause an increase in ageing population.然而，低出生率将会导致老年人口的增加。‎ ‎5．Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.‎ 农民工为城市的繁荣做出了巨大贡献。‎ ‎6．A large percentage of these immigrants settled in the five blocks of New York City.‎ 这些移民中的大部分人定居在纽约市的五个街区里。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．With the twochild policy, an increase (增加) in births will ease the labor shortage.‎ ‎2．Some waste chemicals from manufacturing in rural (乡村的) areas polluted the underwater.‎ ‎3．As a citizen (市民), we mustn't do anything to harm our city.‎ ‎4．One third of the world's population (人口) consumes two thirds of the world's resources.‎ ‎5．First, annual world grains output has declined (下降) because of ‎ climate change.‎ ‎6．It's easier and more convenient for urban (城市的) residents to have access to modern transportation.‎ ‎7．The number of new students decreased (减少) from 210 to 160 this year.‎ ‎8．The main reason lies in our rapid growth (grow) in economy and allaround national power.‎ ‎9．Our government has spent lots of time in solving the ageing (age) problem.‎ ‎10．The USA is a land of immigrants.Between 1815 and 1914, the world witnessed the greatest peaceful migration (migrate) in its history.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．Many farmers have to leave their hometown to make a living in big cities.The floating_population that exists in China is a special phenomenon.‎ ‎2．Remember to invite them to Beijing when you have already settled_down.‎ ‎3．Some experts say the birth_rate of Chinese, after the onechild policy is relaxed, can see a modest increase in future.‎ ‎4．More Chinese migrant_workers bring their children to the city for better education, rather than leaving them behind in the countryside.‎ ‎5．In terms of size and population, Hangzhou covers an area of 16,596 square kilometers and has_a_population_of 9.18 million.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．全面两孩政策将可能会平均每年增加约250万新生儿。‎ The_universal_twochild_policy will likely add an average of 2.5 million newborns per year.‎ ‎2．在中国，越来越多的农民到城里去定居，因此城市正变得越来越大。‎ In China, more and more farmers are_settling_in cities, so cities are ‎ becoming larger and larger.‎ ‎3．China is a big country of agriculture which has the largest population in the world.‎ ‎→China is a big country of agriculture with_the_largest_population in the world.‎ ‎■子话题(二)　动物、植物与生态 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．creature n．　生物；动物 ‎2．species n. 物种 ‎3．ecology n. 生态；生态学 ‎4．evolution n. 进化；演变 ‎5．beast n. 野兽；牲畜 ‎6．insect n. 昆虫 ‎7．pest n. 害虫 ‎8．feather n. 羽毛 ‎9．bamboo n. 竹子 ‎10．maple n. 枫树 ‎11．pine n. 松树 ‎12．trunk n. 树干 ‎13．bacterium n．(pl. bacteria) 细菌 ‎14．virus n. 病毒 ‎15．survive vt.& vi. 幸免于；幸存 ‎16．survival n. 存活；幸存 ‎17．gene n. 基因 ‎18．habitat n. 栖息地 ‎19．endangered adj. 濒危的 ‎20．extinct adj. 灭绝的 ‎21．clone vt. 克隆 ‎22．protect vt. 保护 ‎23．reserve vt. 储存；保护 n. 自然保护区 ‎24．conserve vt. 保存 ‎25．hatch vi.&vt. 孵蛋 ‎26．irrigate vt. 灌溉 ‎27．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎28．cut down 砍倒；削减 ‎29．make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎30．be faced with 面临 ‎1．fertile adj.　　　　　　 肥沃的；多产的 ‎2．stale adj. 不新鲜的；陈腐的 ‎3．marine adj. 海的；海产的 ‎4．violet adj. 紫色的 ‎5．decay vi. 腐烂；腐朽 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．It's time we took measures to protect the river from being polluted.‎ 是我们采取措施防止这条河流污染的时候了。‎ ‎2．The number of plants and animals on the earth is becoming smaller and smaller.‎ 地球上的植物和动物的数量正变得越来越少。‎ ‎3．Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.‎ 空气和水正受到污染，以至于动物生存的环境被破坏。‎ ‎4．I wonder if laws will be made to punish those who injure or even kill animals more severely.‎ 我想知道是否能制定一些法律来严惩那些伤害甚至杀死动物的人。‎ ‎5．Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.‎ 如果再允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象就会有灭绝的危险。‎ ‎6．With only about 1,800 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone more pandas and save the endangered species.‎ 由于世界上仅存约1 800只大熊猫，中国正全力地试图克隆更多的大熊猫以拯救此濒危物种。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The fish will be helpful in studying the evolution (进化) of animals.‎ ‎2．Besides, too much hunting also causes the disappearance of certain species (物种)．‎ ‎3．Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living creature (生物)possesses a spirit.‎ ‎4．Don't forget to bring a chemical to keep insects (昆虫) away.‎ ‎5．Bamboo (竹子) is a tall tropical plant with hollow stems.‎ ‎6．It's wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and feather (羽毛), for they are our friends.‎ ‎7．In my opinion, people get their genes (基因) from their parents.‎ ‎8．The grassland is an important habitat (栖息地) for many wild flowers.‎ ‎9.The article discusses the survival (survive) ability of wildlife during winter.‎ ‎10．There are more and more endangered (endanger) animals at present, so how to protect them has been our task of top priority.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 die out， cut down， be faced with， make a difference， clone， protect， survive， irrigate ‎1．Nowadays, we are_faced_with a very serious problem of air pollution.‎ ‎2．Cloned animals have a shorter life compared with the original animals.‎ ‎3．In some areas, the local farmers irrigate the farmlands with groundwater.‎ ‎4．From now on, everybody should protect the environment and make our home a better world.‎ ‎5．The boy is lucky enough to survive the explosion.‎ ‎6．Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting_down trees, to better the environment.‎ ‎7．Only when we match our words with actions can we make_a_difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.‎ ‎8．Many of the earth's plants and animals have already died_out,_and a hundred species become endangered every day.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．在过去的八年里西藏野驴的数量从3万增加到10万多头。‎ The_number_of Equus Kiang has_increased from 30,000 to over 100,000 in the past eight years.‎ ‎2．是我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。‎ It's_time_we_took/should_take_measures to protect endangered animals.‎ ‎3．People cut down one forest after another and as a result, some animals have nowhere to live.‎ ‎→People cut down one forest after another so_that some animals have nowhere to live.‎ ‎■子话题(三)　自然灾害与救援 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．natural disasters　自然灾害；天灾 ‎2．drought n. 干旱 ‎3．hurricane n. 飓风 ‎4．sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ‎5．typhoon n. 台风 ‎6．volcano n. 火山 ‎7．tsunami n. 海啸 ‎8．landslide n. 山体滑坡 ‎9．mudslide n. 泥石流 ‎10．acid rain n. 酸雨 ‎11．shortage n. 缺乏 ‎12．damage n．&vt. 毁坏；破坏 ‎13．destroy vt. 摧毁；破坏 ‎14．ruin vt. (使)毁坏；(使)毁灭 n. (复)废墟；遗迹 ‎15．disappear vi. 消失 ‎16．threaten vt. 威胁 ‎17．predict vt. 预报；预言；预告 ‎18．erupt vi. (火山)爆发；喷发 ‎19．terrify vt. 使感到恐怖 ‎20．frighten vt. 使惊恐 ‎21．distribute vt. 发放；分发 ‎22．burst into 突然发生；爆发 ‎23．volcanic eruption 火山爆发 ‎24．dig out 挖掘；发现 ‎25．donate ...to ... 向……捐赠……‎ ‎26．stricken area 受灾地区 ‎27．economic losses 经济损失 ‎28．come to one's rescue 前来救某人 ‎29．be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中 ‎30．rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园 ‎1．vibrate v．　　　　　　　　　　 (使)振动；颤动 ‎2．remedy n．&vt. 补救；医治；治疗 ‎3．inevitable adj. 不可避免的 ‎4．precaution n. 预防；防备；警惕 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.‎ 这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。‎ ‎2．Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.‎ 有时候，微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。‎ ‎3．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.‎ 一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。‎ ‎4．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.‎ 这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Pompeii was destroyed when the volcano (火山) erupted in 79AD.‎ ‎2．It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten (威胁) people's lives.‎ ‎3．It's reported that more volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane (飓风) cleanup.‎ ‎4．The government should improve the warning system to predict (预测) bad weather and natural disasters.‎ ‎5．After the typhoon, nearly all the water and electricity supplies are damaged (毁坏) or even destroyed.‎ ‎6．The Great Wall would be in ruins (废墟) one day if we didn't take ‎ any steps to protect it.‎ ‎7．Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing (消失) at a rate of 80 acres per minute!‎ ‎8．The organization distributed (分发) food to the flood victims, which was highly praised.‎ ‎9．The drought (dry) in the southwest of China has lasted for several months, which makes people face water shortage.‎ ‎10．Recently, people are terrified (terrify) of talking about one word “haze”．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．The rescuers managed to dig_out the trapped miners.‎ ‎2．Trapped_in_ruins for 80 hours, the old woman was rescued by the soldiers.‎ ‎3．With great excitement, all of us jumped around and burst_into laughter.‎ ‎4．Last month, the students of my class donated money to the earthquakehit areas.‎ ‎5．People in the earthquakestricken areas are busy rebuilding_their_homes.They hope to move into their new houses as soon as possible.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．强海啸已造成4 000多人死亡，8 000多人失踪。‎ The strong tsunami has_caused_more_than_4,000_deaths and 8,000 people missing.‎ ‎2．地震过后，政府向灾区人民提供帐篷和食物。‎ After the earthquake, the government provided_tents_and_food_for the people in the disasterhit areas.‎ ‎3．Sometimes, there is heavy smog in some areas so that people's regular life is disturbed.‎ ‎→Sometimes, the smog in some areas is so_heavy_that people's regular life is disturbed.‎ ‎■子话题(四)　环境污染与保护 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．environment n．　环境 ‎2．surroundings n. 环境 ‎3．atmosphere n. 大气 ‎4．pollute vt. 污染 ‎5．noisy adj. 嘈杂的；喧闹的 ‎6．smelly adj. 有臭味的 ‎7．radiation n. 放射；放射物 ‎8．emission n. 排放 ‎9．rubbish/litter/garbage n. 垃圾；废物 ‎10．forbid/ban vt. 禁止 ‎11．advocate vt. 拥护；支持；提倡 ‎12．conservation n. 保存；保护；管理 ‎13．replace/substitute vt. 取代 ‎14．environmentallyfriendly adj. 环保的 ‎15．recycle vt. 回收；循环利用 ‎16．punish vt. 惩罚 ‎17．proper adj. 恰当的；适当的 ‎18．greenhouse effect 温室效应 ‎19．global warming 全球变暖 ‎20．alternative energy 替代能源 ‎21．solar energy/power 太阳能 ‎22．nuclear energy/power 核能 ‎23．let off waste water 排放废水 ‎24．be/live in harmony with 与……和谐共处 ‎25．attach great importance to 十分重视 ‎26．bring ...under control 把……控制住 ‎27．be/become aware of 意识到 ‎28．lead/contribute to 导致 ‎29．on account of 因为；由于 ‎30．use up/run out of 用光；耗尽 ‎31．raise the awareness of 唤醒……意识 ‎32．live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活 ‎33．prevent/protect ...from 阻止/保护……做……‎ ‎34．have ...effect on 对……有……影响 ‎35．call on/appeal to sb.to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事 ‎36．there is no denying/doubt that 毫无疑问；毋庸置疑 ‎37．take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 ‎38．take the responsibility for/be responsible for ... 对……负责任 ‎1．shield n．　　　　　　　　　　 防护物；盾(牌)‎ vt. 保护；防护 ‎2．particle n. 颗粒；微粒 ‎3．catastrophe n. 大灾难 ‎4．spray v. 喷；(使)溅散 ‎5．encounter vt.&n. 遭遇；遭到 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．Many people worry that our energy will run out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way.‎ 许多人担心，如果不控制能源的使用的话，我们的能源将会很快被耗尽。‎ ‎2．Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.‎ 大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。‎ ‎3．It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。‎ ‎4．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎5．Accordingly/Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.‎ 因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。‎ ‎6．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.‎ 由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．To improve the environment/surroundings (环境) means improving our life.‎ ‎2．We'd better recycle (循环利用) the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse them.‎ ‎3．The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere (大气) but also keeps the temperature going up.‎ ‎4．Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish/litter/garbage/waste (垃圾) carelessly thrown.‎ ‎5．So our government should make laws to forbid/ban (禁止) the use of plastic bags in department stores and supermarkets.‎ ‎6．Those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished (惩罚)．‎ ‎7．Generally speaking, more and more people are advocating (提倡) “lowcarbon” lifestyle.‎ ‎8．A law has been passed to protect endangered wildlife from dying out.‎ ‎9．Modern lifestyle and modern ways of production also cause noise pollution (pollute)．‎ ‎10．If not dealt with properly (proper), waste batteries will seriously pollute the underground water.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 prevent ...from，have ...effect on，attach great importance to，bring ...under control，be aware of，contribute to，on account of，run out of ‎1．Not until my teacher pointed out my shortcoming that was I aware_of it.‎ ‎2．Besides human's cutting down, fires also contribute_to the destruction of the forest nowadays.‎ ‎3．Nothing can prevent us from realizing our “Chinese Dream”．‎ ‎4．It is hard for human beings to bring some nature disasters under_control.‎ ‎5．To be honest, a lot of people attach_great_importance_to becoming rich and famous.‎ ‎6．On_account_of his knowledge of the mountainous country，John Smith was appointed as our guide.‎ ‎7．Some scientists predict that global warming will have a bad effect_on the living things on the earth.‎ ‎8．By the time they finished half the journey, they had run_out_of petrol, and accordingly they had to abandon the car and walked home.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．随着我国汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正遭到破坏。‎ With the number of cars increasing fast in our country, our ‎ environment is_being_destroyed.‎ ‎2．毫无疑问，垃圾如果处理不当，可能造成很多环境问题。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that rubbish may cause a lot of environmental problems if it is not properly treated.‎ ‎3．让人们了解保护环境的重要性是很有意义的。‎ It's_meaningful_to_make people know the importance of protecting the environment.‎ Topic 1　Earthquakes (Book 1·Unit 4)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3：00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, ❶who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.‎ At 3：42 am everything began to shake. ❷It seemed as if the world was at an end！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, ❸which is more than two hundred kilometres away. Onethird of the nation felt it. ❹A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. ❺The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more ‎ than 400,000.‎ But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city's hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake ❻which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.‎ ‎❼All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. ❽The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. ❾Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.‎ ‎❶who引导定语从句　　 ❷as if引导的表语从句 ‎❸which引导非限制性定语从句 ‎❹that引导定语从句 ❺who引导定语从句 ‎❻which引导定语从句 ❼部分否定 ‎❽who引导定语从句 ❾whose引导定语从句 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．canal n．　　　　　　　　　运河；水道 ‎2．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎3．farmyard n. 农场；农家 ‎4．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 ‎5．headline n. 报刊的大字标题 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 ‎2．rescue n．&vt. 援救；营救 ‎3．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎4．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎5．damage n．&vt. 损失；损害 ‎6．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 ‎7．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产 ‎8．trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 ‎9．judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 ‎10．shock vt.&vi. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．遭受；忍受 ‎ ‎2．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极其；非常 ‎3．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺 ‎4．survivor n．幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive vi.生存；幸存 ‎5．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的 ‎6．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤口；伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的 ‎7．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→use n．&v.使用→useful adj.有用的 ‎8．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightening adj.令人恐惧的→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 ‎9．express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expression n．表示；表达；表情 ‎10．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的→nationality n．国籍；民族 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．A lot of national parks lie in the areas inhabited by minority nationality people.(nation)‎ ‎2．The satisfied expression on his face expressed his satisfaction with the boys' performance.(express)‎ ‎3．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)‎ ‎4．In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were injured,_and even some suffered severe injuries to the head and arms. The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)‎ ‎5．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．right_away　　　　　　　　立刻；马上 ‎2．at_an_end 结束；终结 ‎3．cut_across 抄近路穿过；打断 ‎4．dig_out 掘出；发现 ‎5．as_if 仿佛；好像 ‎6．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎7．be_trapped_in 陷入 ‎8．be_buried_in 埋头于 ‎9．be_proud_of 以……而自豪 ‎10．judging_from 从……判断 ‎11．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的 ‎12．think_little/nothing_of 轻视；认为……没价值 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins_merely in several seconds.‎ ‎2．A trustworthy third party must step in and dig_out the truth for the public.‎ ‎3．I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.‎ ‎4．Judging_from his look, he doesn't think much of our plan.‎ ‎5．My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.‎ ‎6．Please wait for a moment. I'll find the address for you right_away.‎ ‎7．When I came in, he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study.‎ ‎8．Deeply moved, we were_proud_of having such a responsible teacher.‎ ‎9．It is reported that a_(great)_number_of people were injured in that accident and the number of people who died has reached 130.‎ ‎10．I didn't persuade them to do the experiment in that way; you know, they thought_little/nothing_of my suggestion.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ ‎[解读]　as if“仿佛；好像”。后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况常用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[仿写]　保罗从后窗往外看，看见狼站在马克的自行车上，仿佛那是一个猎物。(2017·6月浙江高考读后续写)‎ Paul looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac's bicycle as_if_it_were_a kill.‎ ‎2．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。‎ ‎[解读]　leave作使役动词，意为“使/让……处于某种状态”。常用结构：leave ... doing/done/to do。‎ ‎[仿写]　一个大地震袭击了这一地区，使得该地区的大部分建筑倒塌并被破坏掉了。‎ A massive earthquake hit the area, leaving most of the buildings in the area fallen_down_and_broken.‎ ‎3．All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎[解读]　本句是部分否定。All ...not ...＝ Not all ...“并不是所有的……都……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我们应严格要求他们。‎ All_students_don't_obey/Not_all_students_obey the school rules, so as a teacher, we should be strict with them.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发 ‎[教材原句]　In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.‎ 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。‎ ‎(1)burst in　　　　　　　　　 突然闯进；突然出现 burst into 闯入 突然大哭/大笑起来 burst with anger 勃然大怒 ‎①Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.‎ 突然门开了，一群孩子突然闯进来。‎ ‎②He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.‎ 他没敲门就闯入房间，这使我非常生气。‎ ‎③Hearing the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst_into_tears/burst_out_crying.‎ 听到唯一的儿子在地震中死亡的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。‎ ‎2．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt.毁灭；使破产 ‎[教材原句]　In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.‎ 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。‎ ‎(1)lie/be in ruins　　　　 成为废墟 fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏 bring ...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落 ‎(2)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/毁掉某人 ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途 ‎①No matter how famous a brand is, it_can_be_in_ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.‎ 无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。‎ ‎②Drunk driving not only ruined himself (he) but also killed several passersby.‎ 醉酒驾驶不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。‎ ‎3．injure vt.损害；伤害 ‎[教材原句]　Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.‎ 他们中有三分之二的在地震中伤亡。‎ ‎(1)injured adj.　　　　　　　　　　 受伤的；受委屈的 the injured 伤者；伤员 ‎(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 ‎①These chemicals come from the injured (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 这些化学物质来自于这种植物受伤的部位，并且似乎是一种警告。‎ ‎②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured (injure) to the hospital.‎ 在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，救护车把伤者火速送到医院。‎ ‎③Dog owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.‎ 如果宠物狗伤害他人或损害他人的财产，狗的主人应该对此负责。‎ ‎4．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使专心；使沉浸 ‎[教材原句]　The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.‎ 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。‎ 　　　　　　　 埋头于；专心于 ‎(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 ‎①Ever since he moved there, he has buried himself in his research work.‎ ‎→Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried in his research work.‎ 自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。‎ ‎②Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left.‎ 由于他专心学习，没有意识到其他人都已经离开了。‎ ‎③She buried_her_face_in_her_hands and wept when she heard the bad news.‎ 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。‎ ‎5．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 ‎ ‎[经典例句]　Please judge us on the improvements we make in the economy.‎ 请根据我们在经济方面取得的进步来评价我们。‎ ‎(1)judge ...from/by ...　　 从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 ‎(2)judging by/from 从……来看；根据……判断 ‎①If he had played a part in the film, he would have_been_judged (judge) to be the best actor this year.‎ 如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。‎ ‎②Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a book by/from its cover.‎ 从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。‎ ‎[名师指津]　judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。‎ ‎6．rescue n．&vt.援救；营救 ‎(1)come to/go to sb.'s rescue ＝ rescue sb.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 援救某人 rescue ...from ... 把……从……营救出来 ‎(2)rescue team 营救队 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①At midnight we finally rescued (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.‎ ‎②Luckily, the whole family were rescued from the fire last night.‎ ‎③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came_to_our_rescue (来援救我们)．‎ ‎7．damage n．&vt.损失；损害 ‎(1)cause/do damage to ...　　　 对……造成损害 ‎(2)damage one's health 损害某人的健康 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Damage caused (cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored.‎ ‎②As we all know, smoking can damage/do_damage_to_our_health (损害我们的健康), we'd better give it up.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.‎ ‎2．We sent our congratulations (congratulate) to her when she passed the driving test.‎ ‎3．A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.‎ ‎4．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins (ruin)．‎ ‎5．I received his mother's phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly injured (injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．While travelling, they trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.trapped前加were ‎2．The mother, along with her two children have been rescued from the sinking boat by a passing ship.have→has ‎3．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been carried to the nearby hospital.has→have ‎4．They were extreme sad at the thought of their missing son.extreme→extremely ‎5．The storm left, having caused a lot of damage for this area.for→to Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．通过他刚才说的话判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。‎ Judging_from_what_he_said just now, he must be an honest man.‎ ‎2．听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。‎ ‎①Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.‎ ‎②Hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.‎ ‎3．因为他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面在下雨。(bury)‎ ‎①Because he buried_himself_in_ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.‎ ‎②Because he was_buried_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.‎ ‎③Burying_himself_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.‎ ‎④Buried_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．at an end结束；终结 ‎[经典例句]　When the journey was at an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.‎ 当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。‎ ‎(1)at the end of　　　　　 在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)‎ in the end 最后；终于 使……结束 come to an end 完成；结束 ‎(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎(4)end up with 以……结束 end up doing 最终……‎ ‎①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。‎ ‎②Go straight and you'll find the hospital at_the_end_of the road.‎ 一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。‎ ‎③The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.‎ 会议结束了，他记录了很多要点。‎ ‎④At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)．‎ 最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。‎ ‎2．a (great) number of许多；大量的 ‎[教材原句]　Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.‎ 造成如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。‎ ＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语 ‎(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语 ＋不可数名词 ＋ ‎①Now a great number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough.‎ 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。‎ ‎②A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.(2014·广东高考写作)‎ 一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。‎ ‎③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.‎ 由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。‎ ‎[名师指津]　“large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎3．It seemed as_if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ It seemed (to sb.) that/as if ...“(对某人来说)仿佛/似乎……”。‎ ‎(1)as if从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时，从句用陈述语气。‎ ‎(2)as if从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在时，从句用虚拟语气。‎ ‎①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)‎ ‎②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)‎ ‎③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)‎ ‎①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is (be) going to move.‎ 快点！看起来火车要开了。‎ ‎②When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he had_been_scolded (scold) by someone else.‎ 当他看到街角的妈妈时，男孩悲伤地哭起来，好像被其他人责备一样。‎ ‎③A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were (be) the only people in the world.一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。‎ ‎④He opened his mouth as if to_say (say) something.‎ 他张开嘴好像要说什么。‎ ‎[名师指津]　 as if/as though引导状语从句时，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。从句的结构是“as if/as though＋名词/动词不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词”等。‎ ‎4．All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 该句是表示部分否定的句型。all ...not ...＝ not all ...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。‎ ‎(1)部分否定用法 含“全部/所有/任何”等意义的词与not连用，如：all, both, each, every, whole, everything, always等。‎ ‎(2)全部否定用法 英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。‎ ‎①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.‎ ‎→It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all_of_them_aren't_fit_for_them.所有的求职者都能得到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。‎ ‎②The truth is that not_everyone is attaching great importance to time management.‎ 事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得很重要。‎ ‎③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.‎ 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次游览长城。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．number的相关短语 ‎①As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps (keep) rising these days.‎ ‎②As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners are_learning (learn) Chinese as a second language.‎ ‎③Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.‎ ‎④Large quantities of water have_been_piped (pipe) to the dry areas since last year.‎ ‎⑤There are (be) a great many talented people waiting to be discovered.‎ ‎2．end的相关短语 ‎①Everything between them was at an end.‎ ‎②They had achieved their plan by the end of last month.‎ ‎③Jim entered the competition without much hope, not thinking he would end up with the first prize.‎ ‎④They didn't know how to put an end to the quarrel.‎ ‎⑤Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to shorten this gap is the key to success, otherwise nothing will be achieved in the end.‎ ‎3．as if的用法 ‎①I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had_happened (happen)．‎ ‎②Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had_done (do) something very clever.‎ ‎③School started, but I felt more and more as if I were (be) in a foreign country now.‎ ‎④She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look) for something.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.‎ ‎→Not_both of the two math problems are very difficult.‎ ‎2．Not all of them were allowed to go there.(变为全部否定)‎ ‎→None_of_them were allowed to go there.‎ ‎3．The old man was lying on the ground as if he was hurt badly.‎ ‎→The old man was lying on the ground as if hurt_badly.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 electricity，as if，at an end， lie in ruins，injure，rescue，right away，trap，bury， disaster ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。水管爆裂，电力中断。‎ One night, everything began_to_shake,_the pipes bursting and the_electricity_cut_off.‎ ‎②无论走到哪里，我们都能看见一切都已经变成了废墟。‎ Wherever we went, we found everything lay_in_ruins.‎ ‎③仿佛到了世界末日！‎ It_seemed_as_if the world was_at_an_end!‎ ‎④有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。‎ Some people were_injured;_some were_buried_in_the_ruins.‎ ‎⑤士兵们立刻前来救援。他们救出了一些被困在废墟中的人，并将死者掩埋。‎ The soldiers came_to_the_rescue_right_away. They saved some people trapped_under_the_ruins,_and buried_the_dead.‎ ‎⑥在灾难面前，他们非常愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。‎ They were too willing to help those in trouble in_the_face_of_disasters.‎ ‎⑦我们再怎么赞扬他们也不为过。‎ We can't think_too_highly_of them.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)把句⑤升级为定语从句 The_soldiers_came_to_the_rescue_right_away,_saved_some_people_who_were_trapped_under_the_ruins,_and_buried_the_dead.‎ ‎(2)用状语从句合并句⑥和句⑦‎ They_were_too_willing_to_help_those_in_trouble_in_the_face_of_disasters,_so_we_can't_think_too_highly_of_them.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 One night, everything began to shake, the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Some people were injured; some were buried in the ruins. The soldiers came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can't think too highly of them.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——whose 引导定语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.‎ ‎“Workers built shelters for survivors”为主句； “whose homes had been destroyed”为定语从句修饰先行词survivors。‎ 为了实现我们的目标，如果我们使用一种机器而我们不能有效地干预它的运行，那么我们最好要确定输入机器的指令是否是我们真正想要的。‎ 真题长难句 If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire. (2017·北京高考阅读理解D)‎ 从句中“with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere”为定语从句，修饰先行词agency。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 沙尘暴 ‎215‎ ‎6分钟 A sandstorm refers to a high amount of wind occurring in sandy areas, usually in deserts, where the wind speed is able to lift the top layer of sand from the ground, and push it in every direction. The sand involved ‎ in the sandstorm can reach heights of about 3.05m－15.24m.‎ It is very dangerous to experience a sandstorm. Sand can get into the nose, eyes, mouth and lungs. If you happen to be caught in a sandstorm, you must protect yourself by wearing masks, scarves and so on.‎ If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road, since it's difficult to continue driving. This is also important since vehicles can fail in during sandstorms and you could end up stuck on the road.‎ Most sandstorms occur in spring, and during the daytime. Many of the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Sahara Desert are associated with the most serious storms. Since it's a natural phenomenon, it can't be entirely controlled. In areas that are natural desert regions, you can't always prevent a sandstorm. There's much evidence that the planet Mars has dust storms, and clearly, no human intervention (介入) is responsible for such. Though_it_can_move_whole_sand dunes_and_destroy_crops,_a_sandstorm_is_not_without_benefit.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议。‎ ‎1．If you're driving in a sandstorm, you'd better ________.‎ A．stop your car in the middle of the road B．continue to make your way C．stop and ask for help D．stop your car on the side of the road 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“If you're driving when such a storm approaches, it's advised that you pull off the road ...”可知，如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴，你最好把车停在路边，pull off the road“把车停在路边”。故选D项。‎ ‎2．The underlined sentence shows that, anyway, sandstorms are ________.‎ A．useful　　　　　　　　 B．useless C．harmful D．powerful 解析：选A　推理判断题。画线句表明，虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物，但它不是毫无益处的。注意“a sandstorm is not without benefit”表示“不无裨益”，是双重否定表示肯定意义。故选A项。‎ ‎3．According to the writer, a sandstorm ________.‎ A．is the result of human activities B．can be prevented C．can't completely disappear on the earth D．can't be forecast 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象，不能完全被控制，也就不会完全消失，并且它也不是人为的后果。由此可知选C项。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 风雪中被锁门外 ‎345‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·长春市高三质检)One winter, my cousin and I were playing toy blocks in the yard. My mom was out for shopping to get groceries and my dad was asleep upstairs in his room. Suddenly, it started to snow. First it was just a little. But then it started to pour heavily.‎ Then, we put the finishing touches to our blocks and headed back inside. Right when I opened the sliding glass door, my cousin fell down on the slippery wooden stairs. I let go of the door, my worst mistake, you see. The door locks automatically but I had put a rock, right next to the door so it wouldn't close. But while I was running to my cousin's aid I'd accidentally kicked the rock.‎ Now, my cousin and I were locked outside. And unfortunately it started to get really windy. It was really freezing with the snow. First we started to call my dad, but he was sleeping soundly. I mean, slept through a tornado soundly. It was of no use.‎ Then I tried to climb over the fence but it didn't work because the ‎ fence was iced by snow and wind, and the fence is six feet high. So, I climbed up to my tree house and brainstormed some ideas on ways to get in. At one point, I was seriously considering jumping out of the tree house and using the trampoline (蹦床) to jump over the fence.‎ So, we got to work. First, I took out the trampoline. Then I started to jump. First try — I almost cracked my head. Second try — this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second, he chickened_out. Third try — I jumped and missed but at the last second, my hand caught the fence, and with a lot of pushing I finally climbed over the fence and luckily, I fell on a big snowdrift.‎ Then I got inside and unlocked the door for my cousin to get in. Finally, my mom came back. Then we shared this story with my mom and dad.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者与表弟在后院玩积木时突遇风雪天气，因意外他们被锁在门外的经历。‎ ‎4．When the author wanted to jump in, the main problem was that ________.‎ A．the fence was icy B．the fence was slippery and high C．the trampoline couldn't bear the weight ‎ D．the trampoline was too small 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Then I tried to climb over the fence but it didn't work ... and the fence is six feet high.”可知，作者之所以跳不过去是因为篱笆又高又滑，故B项正确。‎ ‎5．The attitude of the author's cousin towards jumping on the trampoline seems ________.‎ A．passive　　　　　　 B．positive C．indifferent D．objective 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“... this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second, he chickened_out.” 可知，作者的表弟对作者的提议持消极态度，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．The words “chickened out” (Paragraph 5) most probably mean ‎ ‎“________”．‎ A．fell down B．cried out C．jumped up D．backed out 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“... this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second, he chickened_out.”中的convinced和but可知，作者说服了表弟，但在最后一秒钟表弟又打退堂鼓了，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．Which would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Climbing over the Fence in the Snow B．An Adventure in the Yard C．Friendship Produces Pleasure D．We Are Independent 解析：选B　标题归纳题。文章讲述的是作者与表弟在后院玩积木时突遇风雪天气，因意外他们被锁在门外时所采取的冒险行动，因此B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 My dad died last year. He wasn't __1__， only aged sixtysix. You can probably __2__ the upset, the anger, the unexpected flood of __3__ that have filled the twelve months since then. What would I do without him? More importantly, I had to face up to the __4__ that, with him gone, I was the oldest in my family. The most fearful of all, I realized that there was no one between me and __5__. After his generation (一代) was gone, mine would be the next generation. It __6__ I had to be the grownup.‎ ‎ Although it was __7__， it brought another realization. All through my life my father had been stepping away from me — not in a neglectful (疏忽的) way, but in a way that kept me __8__. He told me when I took my first baby steps, he always held me. The next time I __9__， he stopped holding me. As I moved forward, he took a step back and I took another __10__！ In the swimming pool I swam towards the deep end. I felt __11__ in the knowledge that Dad was right in front. He __12__ as I completed the first round. He __13__ the seat of my bicycle until he thought I was ‎ __14__. And then, without me even __15__ it, he let go and stepped away.‎ When my own __16__ came along, he told me as a father, how I should __17__ them in his opinion. Then he backed away with the words, “But it's your __18__.”‎ Now, I'm a husband, a father, an uncle and a grandfather. I was all of that __19__ he died. He __20__ me to be a good man, like him.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了过世的父亲对作者的影响。‎ ‎1．A.sad B．bad C．sick D．old 解析：选D　从本空后的“only aged sixtysix”可知，作者的父亲去世时还不算老。‎ ‎2．A.feel B．find C．imagine D．expect 解析：选C　从本空后的“twelve months”可知，你完全可以想象到作者一年来的感受。‎ ‎3．A.tears B．words C．letters D．visitors 解析：选A　从本空前的“upset”和“anger”可知，父亲去世后，作者整天以泪洗面。‎ ‎4．A.fact B．news C．possibility D．message 解析：选A　作者已经是这个家族中年龄最大的了，这是作者要面对的事实。‎ ‎5．A.trouble B．death C．nature D．danger 解析：选B　从上句中的“oldest”和下句中的“After his generation (一代) was gone”可知，最让作者感到恐惧的是，在他与死亡之间已经没有人了。作者父亲那一代人都已经去世了，马上就要轮到作者这一代人了。‎ ‎6．A.showed B．sensed C．proved D．meant 解析：选D　此句是对上句的解释，那就意味着作者不得不承担起一个成人的责任。‎ ‎7．A.difficult B．surprising C．fearful D．special 解析：选C　联系上文中的“The most fearful of all”可知，虽然有些恐惧，但是这些恐惧还让作者意识到了一些东西。‎ ‎8．A.going away B．looking out C．coming out D．moving forward 解析：选D　与上句中的“stepping away”构成对比，这并不是父亲不管作者，而是促使他奋勇向前。‎ ‎9．A.stopped B．fell C．tried D．worked 解析：选C　从本空后的“As I moved forward”可知，作者再次尝试走路。‎ ‎10．A.step B．rest C．lead D．look 解析：选A　作者向前走时，父亲退后了一步，然后作者又向前迈了一步。‎ ‎11．A.hard B．safe C．nervous D．tired 解析：选B　从本空后的“Dad was right in front”可知，作者知道父亲就在前面，所以他有了安全感。‎ ‎12．A.turned up B．came up C．gave in D．walked away 解析：选D　作者的父亲总是在作者学会某些东西后就退后了，所以当作者学会游泳时，作者的父亲在作者完成第一圈后就走开了。‎ ‎13．A.held B．fixed C．touched D．tested 解析：选A　从下句中的“let go”可知，父亲一直抓着自行车车座，直到作者做好准备。‎ ‎14．A.relaxed B．comfortable C．ready D．careful 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.telling B．allowing C．controlling D．realizing 解析：选D　父亲在作者后边，所以他松手时作者并不知道。‎ ‎16．A.ideas B．chances C．children D．friends 解析：选C　从下文中的“as a father”可知，后来，作者也有了自己的孩子。‎ ‎17．A.raise B．believe C．help D．encourage 解析：选A　作者有了自己的孩子，父亲告诉他在他看来，他应该如何去教养他们。‎ ‎18．A.opinion B．decision C．concern D．hope 解析：选B　从本空前的“backed away”可知，父亲又退后一步说，如何教养他们是作者自己的事。‎ ‎19．A.until B．though ‎ C．because D．before 解析：选D　由上句作者的角色判断，在父亲去世之前，作者已经做了丈夫、父亲、伯伯和爷爷。‎ ‎20．A.requested B．taught C．forced D．caused 解析：选B　根据上文父亲养育作者的过程和方式可知，父亲教会了他如何去做一个像他那样优秀的人。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·资阳市第三次诊断)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, __1__ (destroy) fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged __2__ their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or roofs. One person was killed, several were __3__ (serious) hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were ‎ homeless after the storm.‎ A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early __4__ the morning and lasted for over an hour.‎ ‎“I __5__ (eat) with my wife and children，” he said, “when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best __6__ (climb) out but then I saw that one of my children was __7__ (miss). I went back inside and found him, safe __8__ very frightened.”‎ Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she __9__ (feel) that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children.‎ Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought __10__ (they) food, clothes and shelter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一场暴风雨对当地造成的破坏。‎ ‎1．destroying　分析句子结构可知，destroy在句中是非谓语动词，作结果状语，与句子主语“a storm”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填destroying。‎ ‎2．that　根据句意可知，本句是由“so ... that ...”引导的结果状语从句。故填that。‎ ‎3．seriously　空格处在句中修饰动词“hurt”，应用副词形式。故填seriously。‎ ‎4．in　此处意为“在早上”，in the morning为固定短语。故填in。‎ ‎5．was eating　根据第二段可知，此处表示暴风雨发生时，Tan先生一家正在吃饭，应用过去进行时。由下文“when we heard a loud noise”也可推断应用过去进行时。故填was eating。‎ ‎6．to climb　try one's best to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”。故填to climb。‎ ‎7．missing　根据句意可知，空格处在句中作表语，意为“找不到的，不见了”。故填missing。‎ ‎8．but　“safe”和“frightened”都是形容词，但意思相反。故填连词but表示转折。‎ ‎9．felt　根据主句中的谓语动词“had just left”可知，空格处应用一般过去时的主动形式。故填felt。‎ ‎10．them　bring sb. sth.是固定用法，意为“给某人带来某物”。故此处用they的宾格them。‎ Topic 2　Wildlife protection (Book 2·Unit 4)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] HOW DAISY LEARNED TO ‎ HELP WILDLIFE Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife. One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed.“Where do you want to go？” it asked. Daisy responded immediately.“I'd like to see some endangered wildlife，” she said.“Please take me to a distant land ❶where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.” At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad. It said，“We're being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. As a result, we are now an endangered species.” At that Daisy cried，“I'm sorry I didn't know that. I wonder what is being done to help you. Flying carpet, please show me a place ❷ where there's some wildlife protection.”‎ ‎❸The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe. Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant. “Have you come to take my photo？” it asked. In relief Daisy burst into laughter. “Don't laugh，” said the elephant, “We used to be an endangered species. Farmers hunted us without mercy. They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies. So the government decided to help. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing. So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.”‎ Daisy smiled. “That's good news. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help ❹as the WWF suggests.” The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest. A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself. “What are you doing？” asked Daisy. “I'm protecting myself from mosquitoes，” it replied. “When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.”‎ Daisy was amazed. “Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producing this new drug. Monkey, please come and help.” The monkey agreed. The carpet flew home. As they landed, things began to disappear. Two minutes later everything had gone — the monkey, too. So Daisy was not able to make her new drug. But ❺what an experience！ She had learned so much! And there was always WWF ...‎ ‎❶where和that都引导定语从句，分别修饰land和animal ‎❷where引导的定语从句 ‎❸that引导结果状语从句 ‎❹as引导的方式状语从句 ‎❺what感叹句 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．mosquito n．　　　　　　蚊子 ‎2．insect n. 昆虫 ‎3．income n. 收入 ‎4．extinction n. 灭绝；消亡 ‎5．habitat n. 栖息地；(动植物的)自然环境 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．reserve n. 保护区 ‎2．incident n. 事件；事变 ‎3．loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失 ‎4．relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；‎ ‎ 减轻痛苦的事物 ‎5．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定 ‎6．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的 ‎7．bite vt.&vi. 咬；叮；刺痛 ‎8．hunt vt.&vi. 打猎；猎取；搜寻 ‎9．contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍 ‎10．decrease vi.&vt. 减少；(使)变小；或变少 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．protection n．保护→protect vt.保护→protective adj. 保护的；防护的 ‎2．distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n．距离；远方 ‎ ‎3．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全；可靠 ‎4．inspect vt.检查；视察→inspection n．检查→inspector n．检查员 ‎5．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation n．欣赏；感谢；鉴别 ‎6．harm n．&vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 ‎7．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response n．响应；反应；回答 ‎8．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.宽恕的；仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 ‎9．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭→affection n．喜爱；感情→effect n．影响；效果；作用 ‎10．faithfully adv.忠诚地；忠实地→faith n．信念；信仰→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的 ‎11．succeed vi.成功vt.接替；继任→success n．成功→successful ‎ adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地 ‎12．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等) →employment n．雇用；工作；职业→employer n．雇主；老板→employee n．雇员；雇工 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Peter had thought the boss was merciful to him, but he was merciless and fired him without mercy.(mercy)‎ ‎2．In the letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my appreciation made him confident again.(appreciate)‎ ‎3．The doctor told her that too much sun is harmful to her skin and she'd better eat more green and harmless vegetables to avoid the harm from the sunlight.(harm)‎ ‎4．He succeeded his father as manager of the company. Soon their business became very successful. Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success. (succeed)‎ ‎5．As a new employee,_Tom felt satisfied for the employment because he was just employed as a secretary by his employer yesterday.(employ)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．in_danger_(of)　　　　　　在危险中；垂危 ‎2．in_peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地 ‎3．in_relief 如释重负；松了口气 ‎4．pick_out 挑选出；辨认出 ‎5．die_out 灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎6．pay_attention_to 注意；重视 ‎7．burst_into_laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来 ‎8．protect_...from 保护……不受……(危害)‎ ‎9．come_into_being 形成；产生 ‎10．according_to 按照；根据……所说 ‎11．do_harm_to 损害；伤害；对……有害 ‎12．so_that 以至于；结果；为了 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．According_to a research, the total number is reduced to less than 1,000 now.‎ ‎2．I smiled in_relief as the last of the children hurried out of the door.‎ ‎3．Are you in_danger_of losing your job in the present financial crisis?‎ ‎4．This species has nearly died_out because its habitat is being destroyed.‎ ‎5．People of different religions have lived together in_peace for centuries in this country.‎ ‎6．We must pay_attention_to these problems and continue to take effective measures to solve them.‎ ‎7．He saved up his money so_that he could go to New Zealand for his summer holiday.‎ ‎8．Jackie believes nursing should be protected_from government cuts.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.‎ 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。‎ ‎[解读]　as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；像……那样”。‎ ‎[仿写]　我们应该按照该组织的建议来保护这一地区的珍稀动物。‎ We should protect the rare animals in this area as_the_organization_suggests. ‎ ‎2．They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.‎ 他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。‎ ‎[解读]　the way是先行词，后跟省略了that/in which的定语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式。‎ Something that happens in your daily life will change ‎ the_way_you_look_at_the_world and the people in it.‎ ‎3．This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left.‎ 这里是红髯猴唯一的家园，但是现在所剩无几了。‎ ‎[解读]　“there are very few left”是there be 句型，其中left作few的定语。‎ ‎[仿写]　我们学校的报纸上有一个栏目叫“外国文化”。‎ In the newspaper of our school there_is_a_column_called “Foreign Cultures”．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等)‎ ‎[高考佳句]　When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead.(2016·北京高考)‎ 当秃鹫吃含铅的其他动物的死尸时，它们就吸收了大量的铅。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中contain的含义 ‎①Cigarettes contain poisonous chemicals that can result in cancer and heart disease.包含 ‎②The stadium is large enough to contain 100 thousand audience.容纳 ‎③Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain himself.克制 contain oneself　　　　 克制自己 container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜 ‎[巧学助记]　The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included.‎ 这个容器盛放着许多种水果，其中包括一个菠萝。‎ ‎2．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭 ‎[高考佳句]　When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me seriously.(2017·天津高考)‎ 我50岁的时候，我的体重问题开始严重地影响我。‎ ‎(1)be affected by heat/cold　　　　 中暑/着凉 be affected with high fever 发高烧 ‎(2)effect n. 作用；影响 have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 ‎①Around 540 million people are_affected (affect) by secondhand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year.‎ 大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响，每年造成10万人死亡。‎ ‎②Affected (affect) with high fever, he continued with his work.‎ 尽管发高烧，但他仍然继续工作。‎ ‎③Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have an effect on you most deeply.‎ 想一想给你带来最深刻影响的电影、书籍、老师及朋友。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　写出加黑单词在语境中的含义 ‎④The people present at the meeting were deeply affected by the story.感动 ‎3．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏；重视 ‎[经典例句]　The passengers appreciated my warmhearted service, which greatly inspired me.‎ 乘客感激我热情的服务，这极大地鼓励了我。‎ ‎(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 重视/感激……‎ I would appreciate it if ... 假如……我将不胜感激 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎①Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate_beauty,_that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.(2017·天津高考)‎ 或许这就是照片的作用：提醒我们为了人们的关系，为了得到比我们更好的东西，应该欣赏美，分享对美的渴求。‎ ‎②I'd_appreciate_it_if you could do me a favour.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ 书面表达)‎ 如果你能帮助我，我将感激不尽。‎ ‎③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.‎ 如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。‎ ‎4．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任 ‎[高考佳句]　The saying tells us that if we want to succeed in doing something, we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly. (2016·6月浙江高考书面表达)‎ 这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想取得成功，不仅要周密计划，还要彻底实施。‎ ‎(1)succeed in (doing) sth.　　　 成功地做某事 succeed sb. as 接替某人成为……‎ ‎(2)successful adj. 成功的 be successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事 ‎(3)success n. [U]成功；成就 [C]成功的人或事物 ‎①We'll succeed in protecting (protect) the situation from getting worse.‎ 我们要成功地保护这种形式不让其更糟糕。‎ ‎②As far as I know, John succeeded_Tom_as chairman of the Students' Union.‎ 据我所知，约翰接替汤姆成为学生会的主席。‎ ‎③Finally, I wish this year's English speech competition a great success.‎ 最后，我预祝今年的英语比赛取得圆满成功。‎ ‎5．loss n．损失；遗失；丧失 ‎(1)make up for the loss　　　 弥补损失 at a loss 不知所措；困惑 suffer a loss (of) 蒙受(……的)损失 ‎(2)(be) lost in thought ＝ lose oneself in thought ‎ 陷入沉思 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Lost (lose) in thought, he didn't know his classmates had left the classroom.‎ ‎②For a moment, Tom was at_a_loss (不知所措) how to respond to her question.‎ ‎③He was determined to try his best to_make_up_for_the_loss (弥补损失)．‎ ‎6．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应 vt.回答 ‎(1)respond to　　　　　　 答复；对……做出回答/响应 ‎(2)response n. 回应；回答 in response to 对……做出反应 make a response to 对……做出回答/回应 单句语法填空 ‎①In response to the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.‎ ‎②Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond (response) to it.‎ ‎7．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 show mercy to sb.＝ show sb. mercy ‎　　　　　　　　　　 同情、怜悯某人 have mercy on sb. 怜悯某人 without mercy 毫不留情地；残忍地 at the mercy of 任……处置；任由……摆布 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Whether the secretary will be fired or not is at the mercy of her ‎ boss.‎ ‎②The husband took away all the possessions without mercy after divorce.‎ ‎③Though he is very rich, he shows_little_mercy_to (对……没有同情心) the poor.‎ ‎8．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)‎ ‎(1)employ sb. as ...　　　　　 雇用某人任……‎ employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 ‎(3)employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员；受雇者 employment n. 职业；工作；雇用 ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.‎ ‎②Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees (employ) were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ ‎③Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find employment (employ)．‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He was worried, because he lost his bag containing (contain) his passport, ID card and a lot of money.‎ ‎2. Robinson succeeds (success) helping the captain regain control of the ship.‎ ‎3．We appreciate participating (participate) in this activity, which has helped to build an emotional connection between the old and the young.‎ ‎4．He admitted the mistake and promised to make up for the loss (lose)．‎ ‎5．It makes our school dirty and unpleasant, and does harm to the image of our school.‎ ‎6．Having lost engine power, the boat's crew found themselves at the mercy of the wind.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Traditionally, Chinese parents have supported their children to success in life.success→succeed ‎2．I appreciate given such a good chance to make a speech on how to learn English well.appreciate后加being ‎3．After graduation from college, he began to wander from city to city, hunted for a suitable job.hunted→hunting ‎4．—What are you worried about?‎ ‎—Tom didn't respond any of my calls. Something must have happened to him.respond后加to ‎5．With the government's aid, those affecting by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.affecting→affected Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．如果你提前告知我是否你要来，我将感激不尽。‎ I'd_appreciate_it_if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.‎ ‎2．观众被深深地打动了，掌声经久不息。(affect)‎ ‎①The audience was_deeply_affected,_and they warmly applauded for a long time.‎ ‎②Deeply_affected,_the audience warmly applauded for a long time.‎ ‎③The audience, (who_was)_deeply_affected,_warmly applauded for a long time.‎ ‎3．她忙着给花浇水，没有注意到发生的一切。(employ)‎ ‎①She was_employed_in_watering the flowers, so she didn't notice what was happening.‎ ‎②Employed_in_watering the flowers, she didn't notice what was ‎ happening.‎ ‎③Employing_herself_in_watering the flowers, she didn't notice what was happening.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎[教材原句]　As a result these endangered animals may even die out.‎ 结果，这些濒危动物甚至可能会消亡。‎ ‎(1)die away　　　　　　 (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from 因……而死 die down 减弱；平息 die off 相继死去 ‎(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth. 极想做某事 ‎①Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying_out because of human activities.‎ 这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。‎ ‎②Although the wind has died_down,_the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.‎ 尽管风小了，但是雨仍然不停，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。‎ ‎③London was a new world to me and I was dying to_find (find) out more about it for myself.‎ 伦敦对我来说是一个新世界，我渴望独自更多地了解这个城市。‎ ‎2．protect ...from保护……不受……(危害)‎ ‎[教材原句]　“I'm protecting myself from mosquitoes，” it replied.‎ 它回答说：“我这样做可以防止蚊子叮咬。”‎ ‎(1)protect ... against　　　　 保护……以防……‎ ‎①As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being_hurt (hurt)．‎ 众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。‎ ‎②We are supposed to prevent the factories from pouring waste water into rivers.‎ ‎→The waste water is supposed to be_prevented__from_pouring into rivers by the factories.‎ 我们应该阻止工厂把废水注入河流。‎ ‎[名师指津]　以上短语在被动语态里from均不可省略，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。‎ ‎3．pay attention to注意；留意 ‎[教材原句]　You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.‎ 你应该多关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林中的动物是如何在一起生活的。‎ draw/attract/catch one's attention　 引起某人的注意 turn one's attention to ... 把注意力转移到……‎ fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on ...‎ ‎ 注意力集中在……‎ ‎①In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we (should) pay attention to improving (improve) people's environmental protection awareness.‎ 为了保护生态平衡，教授建议我们注意提高人们的环保意识。‎ ‎②You speak English very well, but more attention should be_paid (pay) to your written English.‎ 你英语说得非常好，但应多注意书面英语。‎ ‎③He stood there, his attention fixed (fix) on the notice on the wall.‎ 他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句③的其他表达方式 ‎①He stood there, and his attention was fixed on the notice on the ‎ wall.‎ ‎②He stood there, fixing his attention on the notice on the wall.‎ ‎③He fixed his attention on the notice on the wall while standing there.‎ ‎4．It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.‎ 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。‎ as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”。as 作为连词的用法主要有：‎ ‎(1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句；‎ ‎(2)“当……时候；一面……一面；随着”，引导时间状语从句；‎ ‎(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句；‎ ‎(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用部分倒装语序，可与though互换；‎ ‎(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as ... as ...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。‎ ‎①I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just as_I_might_do_in_China.‎ 我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。‎ ‎②Unfortunately, just as_I_took_out_my_camera,_a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.(2017·天津高考)‎ 不幸的是，就在我取出相机时，一位女士从后面走过来，正好挡住了我的视线。‎ ‎③Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report.‎ ‎→Tired_as/though_they_were,_they stayed up preparing the report.‎ 尽管他们很疲劳，但他们还是熬夜准备报告。‎ ‎5．They learned this from the_way the bones were joined together.‎ 他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。‎ ‎(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。‎ ‎(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。‎ ‎(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.的形式。‎ ‎①I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the_way_(in_which/that)_he_speaks_English.‎ 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。‎ ‎②The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.‎ 在会议上提出的方法不切实际。‎ ‎③You should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to_improve (improve) your study.(2015·四川高考书面表达)‎ 你应该记住经常与同班同学交换意见是提高学习的有效方法。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用die短语填空 die out， die away， die off， be dying for ‎1．As the sound of the music died_away,_the film came to an end.‎ ‎2．The apple trees in the field are all dying_off from disease.‎ ‎3．With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many of the earth's species are dying_out.‎ ‎4．After walking in the desert for such a long time, he was_dying_for a drink.‎ Ⅱ.用attention的相关短语补全句子 ‎1．Be sure to pay_attention_to_protecting_the_environment (注意保护环境) and think of others while travelling.‎ ‎2．An article in the newspaper caught_much_attention_of_the_public (引起了公众的极大关注)．‎ ‎3．Ladies and gentlemen, may I have_your_attention (请注意一下),‎ ‎ please?‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．例如，曾经我的大部分同学建议周末去郊游，但是我认为帮助敬老院的老人更有意义。(2015·浙江高考满分作文)‎ For example, once most of my classmates suggested that_we_(should)_go _outing_at_the_weekend,_but I thought helping the old at the nursing home would be more meaningful.‎ ‎2．我们最好不要动这些东西，直到警察到来。(as)‎ We'd better leave_things_as_they_are until the police arrive.‎ ‎3．就我个人而言，我喜欢我们的英语老师教给我们的方法。‎ As far as I'm concerned, I like the way (that/in_which)_our_English_teacher_teaches.‎ ‎4．他戴着太阳镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的照射。‎ He is wearing sunglasses to protect_his_eyes_from_the_strong_sunlight. ‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 affect， hunt， according to， succeed， in peace， in danger of， die out， protect ...from ...， pay attention to ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①过度捕杀极大地影响了野生动物的数量。‎ Hunting_too_much_has_affected the number of wild animals greatly.‎ ‎②许多野生动物处于濒临灭绝的危险中。‎ Many wild animals are_in_danger_of_dying_out.‎ ‎③政府已经关注这种状况，并采取了一系列措施。‎ Our government has_paid_attention_to_the_situation and has_taken_a_series_of_measures.‎ ‎④一系列的法律已经付诸实施。‎ A series of laws has_come_into_effect.‎ ‎⑤根据新的法律，任何人都不允许捕杀野生动物。‎ According_to_the_new_laws,_no one is allowed to hunt_wild_animals.‎ ‎⑥我们会成功地阻止这种状况的恶化。‎ We'll succeed_in_protecting_the_situation_from_getting_worse.‎ ‎⑦人类可以和动物和平共处。‎ Human beings can live_in_peace_with_animals.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用强调句型升级句①‎ It_is_hunting_too_much_that_has_affected_the_number_of_wild_animals_greatly.‎ ‎(2)将⑥⑦句合并升级为结果状语从句 We will succeed in protecting the situation from getting worse so that human beings can live in peace with animals.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a result, fortunately)‎ It is hunting too much that has affected the number of wild animals greatly. As a result, many wild animals are in danger of dying out. Fortunately, our government has paid attention to the situation and has taken a series of measures. A series of laws has come into effect. According to the new laws, no one is allowed to hunt wild animals. We will succeed in protecting the situation from getting worse so that human beings can live in peace with animals.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——but引导并列句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the but连接并列句，第二个分句中“as the WWF suggests”是as引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎ WWF suggests.‎ 这种破坏通常在第一种植物上更严重，但是相对来说，相邻的植物比较安全，因为它们听到了警报并且知道了怎么做。‎ 真题长难句 The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D)‎ but连接并列句，第二个分句中“relatively speaking”是插入语，“because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”是原因状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 野生动物通道 ‎312‎ ‎7分钟 Though Alberta's Banff National Park is home to a large and healthy wildlife population, it also welcomes about 3.5 million visitors every year. Besides, 4.5 million humans drive through without stopping, all passengers on the busy TransCanada Highway that cuts through the park. That's why roadkill (animals that have been killed by cars on the road) was a common sight on the world's longest national road.‎ Banff first put up wildlife fencing on each side of the highway. Then, since 1996, they've opened six wildlife overpasses and 38 underpasses, which have allowed for more than 140,000 wildlife crossings.‎ Though these crossings are normally closed to all humans, as a tourist I was lucky to be allowed to see Banff's Red Earth Overpass with road ecologist Trevor Kinley. As a project manager with Parks Canada, he told ‎ me that so far, they have recorded 10,000 safe animal crossings on this overpass alone. That's 10,000 animal lives saved and a whole lot of roadkill prevented.‎ Labib Salama, an animal lover, worries that forcing so much wildlife into using just a few bridges and tunnels (passages under the ground) is putting some animals' lives into danger. They probably become easy meals for their natural enemies on either side. However, the truth is that there are no more killings around the crossings than there are anywhere else in the park.‎ Walking over the Red Earth Overpass, I was surprised how natural the area seemed. The noise disappeared, as did the road. The forest has filled in the area so that anyone crossing would really have no idea they were crossing a main highway. Along the way, I found the fresh tracks of black bears, grizzlies, wolves, elk, deer, and marten. Somehow, all these animal tracks made me so happy, knowing that they were passing safely under and over the longest road in Canada.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。加拿大的班夫国家公园里有不少野生动物通道，这有效地保护了野生动物们的安全。‎ ‎1．What was the problem facing Banff National Park?‎ A．Too many people went to visit the park.‎ B．Highway cars took many animals' lives.‎ C．Visitors were often hurt by wild animals.‎ D．Some animals were in danger of dying out.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段中的“That's why roadkill ... was a common sight”可知，班夫国家公园里的动物以前常被过往的车辆撞死，故选B项。‎ ‎2．According to the text, the author might be ________.‎ A．a visitor to Banff National Park B．a tourist traveling across Alberta C．an ecologist working for Parks Canada D．a designer for the TransCanada Highway 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第三段中的“as a tourist I was lucky to be allowed to see Banff's Red Earth Overpass”可知，作者可能是来班夫国家公园参观的游客，故选A项。‎ ‎3．Labib Salama worries that some animals may ________.‎ A．fall off the bridges B．be killed by passing cars C．refuse to use the tunnels D．be eaten by others easily 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第四段中的“They probably become easy meals for their natural enemies”可知，D项说法正确。‎ ‎4．What does the author think of the wildlife crossings in Banff?‎ A．They've made it easier for visitors to walk around.‎ B．They've destroyed the environment in the park.‎ C．It is a waste of money to build them.‎ D．It is a good way to protect animals.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“all these animal tracks made me so happy, knowing that they were passing safely”可知，作者认为这些通道很好地起到了保护动物的作用，故选D项。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 光污染对城市植物的影响 ‎303‎ ‎7分钟 Do you ever wonder why trees begin to bud (发芽) earlier in some cities? Scientists finally found the answer but it's not very pleasant. New science suggests a relationship between light pollution and the timing when trees produce buds, which signals the arrival of the spring season.‎ Light pollution is defined by the Lighting Research Center as the unwanted consequence of outdoor lighting such as street lights. Excessive (过多的) manmade light at night results in disturbed natural cycles, and also prevents the observation of stars and planets at night. But its effect ‎ on the environment goes beyond that.‎ By studying some trees, researchers found out that trees that are more exposed to artificial lighting at night bud up to 7.5 days earlier than those at the natural nighttime setting. And they found out that light had a more significant effect than temperature when the buds came out. The early budding may cause problems for insects, which feed on leaves, and the birds which then feed on them in turn. Professor Richard FfrenchConstant, who helped lead the research, explained, that more than the budding of trees, the study implies the danger to the balance of the ecosystem. “At the moment, caterpillars are timed to hatch to make the most of the opportunities to feed on freshly budded leaves, and birds hatch in time to feed on the young caterpillar，” he said.‎ Migratory (迁徙的) birds are also negatively affected by light pollution. The glare might confuse them and make them lose their flying sense. The phenomenon might explain why some birds accidentally knock into buildings.‎ Such results stress the need to pursue studies that aim to measure the effect of light pollution. If the issue were left to continue, it is estimated that by 2100, spring would begin almost a full month earlier than it does today.‎ 语篇解读：这是一篇科普说明文。由于光污染，在某些城市春天来得比往年要早，这给动植物造成了不同程度的影响。‎ ‎5．What will happen if there is too much manmade light?‎ A．People's eyesight will be damaged.‎ B．The ecosystem will likely lose its balance.‎ C．No stars or planets may be observed at night.‎ D．Animals' living habits may change suddenly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Excessive (过多的) manmade light at night results in disturbed natural cycles”及第三段中的“the study implies the danger to the balance of the ecosystem”‎ 可知，过多的人造光会干扰自然循环，使生态系统失去平衡。故选B项。‎ ‎6．How does the early budding affect insects or plants?‎ A．It will cause the rising number of insects.‎ B．It could lead to trees growing fewer leaves.‎ C．It may result in some insects going hungry.‎ D．It might push insects to hatch more slowly.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。第三段先提到树木发芽早可能会给昆虫和鸟类带来问题，下面提到正常情况是毛虫按照有机会吃新鲜树叶的时间孵化出来，鸟类孵化出来刚好能吃上幼毛虫，如果树木发芽早了，那后孵化的毛虫就吃不上新鲜树叶，可能会挨饿或饿死，而刚孵化的鸟类的食物——幼毛虫也可能减少，由此推知，树木发芽早可能导致一些昆虫挨饿。‎ ‎7．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?‎ A．The effect of light pollution is destructive.‎ B．The spring of 2100 will become much longer.‎ C．Light pollution should be taken seriously.‎ D．A further study on light pollution is scheduled.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据末段可知，如果任由光污染问题继续下去，估计到2100年，春天会比现在提前将近一整月。这些变化当然会对环境、生态和人类造成巨大的影响，而且文中提到现在迫切需要进行旨在估量光污染的影响的研究，因此我们肯定需要认真对待光污染的问题。故选C项。‎ ‎8．What is the suitable title for the passage?‎ A．Why spring comes earlier in some cities B．Why light pollution needs to be studied C．How trees' early budding takes place D．How much light is “too much”‎ 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者主要讲的是由于光污染，在一些城市树木发芽早，即春天来得比往年要早，以及这给动植物造成的不同程度的影响。因此A项最能概括文章的大意。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 As warming continues, scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans ‎ across the planet could be more and more reduced, with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life.‎ ‎__1__ One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer, it can hold less dissolved (溶解的) oxygen. The other reason is less obvious. The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface — either from the atmosphere, or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the sea. __2__‎ Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter. That's because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting (融化) of glaciers, icebergs, and ice sheets. __3__ The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. __4__ Instead, more of the oxygen will remain near the surface, where it will be used up by oxygenbreathing organisms.‎ A lowoxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet. A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100. They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall, until they declined by 30 percent. The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans, but even 100,000 years from now they will not have fully recovered. __5__‎ A．It's not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.‎ B．Scientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.‎ C．Fresh water's inpouring will make the water at the ocean's surface lighter.‎ D．The oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.‎ E．Global warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.‎ F．The light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ‎ ocean will get less oxygen.‎ G．If they are right, we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了海水中氧气含量降低的主要原因及其可能对海洋生物带来的长期的影响。‎ ‎1．选B　从文章篇章结构分析，本空为段落主旨句。本段介绍了全球变暖使海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”与B项中的“two reasons”相呼应，故选B。‎ ‎2．选D　根据段落主旨和上文的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface ... at the top of the sea.”可知，此处是通过说明海洋中氧气的来源与循环来解释海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故D项“然后，随着表层海水的慢慢下沉，氧气扩散至海洋深处”符合语境。‎ ‎3．选C　根据上文的内容和常识可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都属于淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小，因此淡水的注入会使海洋表面的水变得更轻。故C项符合语境。C项中的“make the water ... lighter”与下文中的“make it lighter”的对应关系亦是提示。‎ ‎4．选F　根据上文的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will ...”和下文的“Instead, more of the oxygen will remain ...”可知，F项与空格前的句子的句式相同，且与空格后的句子的内容存在语意上的转折关系，故F项符合语境。‎ ‎5．选G　G项中的“they”与上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼应，且上文讲到即使我们把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很长时间才能恢复，其对海洋生物造成的影响将是长期的，故G项“如果他们是对的，那么我们完全有理由对它对海洋生物的重大影响感到担忧”符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·南昌模拟)Harmony is very important to our society. All of us are looking forward to live in a harmonious society. As students, I thought we should first keep our dormitories with harmony. For one thing, it can create a good environment for my studies and life. For other, it can help us grow healthily. Unfortunately, there are some way to make our ‎ dormitories harmonious. Firstly, we should learn to understand each other and solve everything in the peace. Secondly, we should try to get rid our own bad habits. Lastly, we should share or get on with each other.‎ 答案：第二句：live→living 第三句：thought→think; with→in 第四句：my→our 第五句：other→another 第六句：Unfortunately→Fortunately; way→ways 第七句：去掉the 第八句：rid后加of 第九句：or→and Topic 3　 Global warming (Book 6·Unit 4)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER ‎ — BUT DOES IT MATTER?‎ During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase ❶when compared to other natural changes. So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth Care's Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.‎ ‎❷There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer see Graph 1 and that ❸it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ All scientists subscribe to ❹the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the ‘greenhouse effect’. This is ❺when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, ‎ trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. Without the ‘greenhouse effect’， the earth would be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.”‎ We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2)．‎ All scientists accept this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.‎ However, the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe. She says, “We can't predict the climate well enough to ❻know what to expect， but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of ‎ animals — all of which will make life for human beings better.”‎ Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. ❼Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great?‎ ‎❶时间状语从句的省略 ‎❷There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”‎ ‎❸“it is ... that ...”强调句型 ‎❹that引导同位语从句，对the view作进一步的解释和说明 ‎❺when引导表语从句 ‎❻“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作know的宾语 ‎❼even if引导让步状语从句 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．catastrophe n．　　　　　大灾难；浩劫 ‎2．fossil n. 化石；(从地下采掘出来的)矿物 ‎3．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉 ‎4．appliance n. 用具；工具；器具 ‎5．phenomenon n. 现象 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．range n. 种类；范围 ‎2．trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向 ‎3．circumstance n. 环境；情况 ‎4．glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥 ‎5．average adj. 平均的 ‎6．random adj. 胡乱的；任意的 ‎7．oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎8．consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 ‎9．subscribe vt. 签署(文件)；捐助 vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 ‎10．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在；生存→existing adj.目前的；现存的 ‎2．contribution n．贡献→contribute vt.贡献；捐献；投稿 ‎3．disagreement n．分歧；不一致→disagree vi.不同意；不一致→agree v．同意；赞成 ‎4．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．陈述；说明 ‎5．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境 ‎6．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势 ‎7．pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.受污染的 ‎8．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以 ‎9．economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n．经济；节约→economic adj.经济的 ‎10．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electric adj.电的；电动的→electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电(力)；电流 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．They contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees (难民) and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.(contribute)‎ ‎2．With the decline of the global economy,_her family is faced with many economic problems, one of which is whether to buy an economical stove to survive the whole winter.(economy)‎ ‎3．One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. The polluted air does great harm to people's health.(pollute)‎ ‎4．It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)‎ ‎5．One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer lung cancer.Consequently,_you and your family will suffer a lot. (consequent)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．result_in　　　　　　　导致 ‎2．so_long_as 只要 ‎3．keep_on 继续 ‎4．even_if 即使 ‎5．and_so_on 等等 ‎6．quantities_of 大量的 ‎7．come_about 发生；造成 ‎8．put_up_with 忍受；容忍 ‎9．go_up 上升；增长；升起 ‎10．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎11．be_opposed_to 反对……；与……对立 ‎12．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎13．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．To get good jobs, they are willing to put_up_with_many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.‎ ‎2．We want to know how it came_about that humans speak so many different languages.‎ ‎3．You must keep to the rules even_if you think they're unfair.‎ ‎4．The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton ‎ and_so_on.‎ ‎5．You have made a few mistakes in your composition but on_the_whole,_it was written well.‎ ‎6．On_behalf_of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.‎ ‎7．Stress and tiredness often result_in a lack of concentration.‎ ‎8．Don't mind what others say so_long_as we are confident in what we have done.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正在变暖。而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。‎ ‎[解读]　There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　毫无疑问，我们的生存环境令人不满意。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that our living environment leaves something to be desired.‎ ‎2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ ‎[解读]　even if/though “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　作为学生，我们应该总是讲真话，即使别人可能与我们观点不同。‎ As students, we should always tell the truth even_if_others_might_not_agree_with_us.‎ ‎3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎[解读]　so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标。‎ So/As_long_as_we_don't_lose_heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎[经典例句]　She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.‎ 她仍然强烈反对移居国外。‎ ‎(1)oppose sth./doing sth.　　　 反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的；反对的 be opposed to/object to 反对……；与……对立 ‎(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的 prep. 在……的对面；与……相反 be opposite to 在……的对面；与……相反 ‎①I have been consistently opposed to feeding (feed) a baby regularly.‎ 我一贯反对定时地喂养婴儿。‎ ‎②The parents strongly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone.‎ 父母极力反对女儿单独去那儿。‎ ‎③The senior students strongly object to being_treated (treat) unfairly by others.‎ 高中生们坚决反对受到别人的不公正对待。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句③的其他表达方式 ‎①The senior students are strongly opposed to being treated unfairly ‎ by others.‎ ‎②The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.‎ ‎2．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列 ‎[教材原句]　It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals — all of which will make life for human beings better.‎ 它使植物成长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。‎ ‎(1)a wide range of　　　　　 范围广泛的；各种各样的 within/in the range of 在……范围内；在射程内 beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的 ‎(2)range from ...to ... 在……范围内变动 range between ...and ... 在……和……范围内变动 ‎①The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京高考单选)‎ 国家公园有大量的野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。‎ ‎②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60－120 km/h.‎ 当在高速路上驾驶时，司机必须把他或她的速度限制在每小时60－120公里之间。‎ ‎③They will include introductions to a_wide_range_of writing styles, from poetry to play writing.‎ 它们将包括介绍各种各样的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧创作。‎ ‎3．average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数 ‎[经典例句]　The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7.‎ ‎3,8和10的平均数是7。‎ ‎(1)an average of　　　　　　　 平均有(后跟数词)‎ ‎(2)on average 平均来看；通常 above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平 up to (the) average 达到平均水平 ‎①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average.(2015·重庆高考单选)‎ 去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。‎ ‎②According to the 13th National Reading Survey in China, in 2016 every adult read 5.16 printed books on_average.‎ 根据中国第13届全国读书活动调查，2016年，每个成年人平均读了5.16本书。‎ ‎③The_average_population per square mile on the island is about 40.‎ 这座岛屿上每平方公里的平均人口大约为40。‎ ‎4．quantity n．量；数量 单句语法填空/同义替换 ‎①He found that quantities of food were (be) on the table.‎ ‎②A large quantity of air conditions has_been_sold (sell) since the summer came.‎ ‎③It is reported that a large number (＝quantities) of trees are cut down to make chopsticks in our country every year.‎ ‎[名师指津]　quantity＋of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。‎ ‎5．consequence n．结果；后果；影响 单句语法填空/同义替换 ‎①Consequently (consequence), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.‎ ‎②As a result (＝consequence) of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking in food source.‎ ‎6．circumstance n．环境；情况 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①It might not be a perfect solution, but it's the best I can do under/in the circumstances.‎ ‎②You should not give up your dreams even if everybody goes far away from you.‎ ‎→Under no circumstances should_you_give_up your dreams even if everybody goes far away from you.‎ ‎[名师指津]　in/under no circumstances位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.‎ ‎2．As human efforts to develop new substances, quantities of pollutants are (be) also constantly changing.‎ ‎3．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old building, which dates back to the 16th century.‎ ‎4．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges (range) from transportation to water saving.‎ ‎5．On average, American kids aged 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981.‎ ‎6．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.‎ ‎7．Under these circumstances(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.‎ ‎8．The gap between the rich and the poor has a tendency (tend) to become wider and wider.‎ ‎9．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily (steady)．‎ ‎10．I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated (state)‎ ‎ in your notice.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Opposing to the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday.Opposing→Opposed ‎2．From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to build a warm and harmonious society.build→building ‎3．I went on a diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tended to being high.being→be ‎4．A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence, the house was completely destroyed.第一个the→a ‎5．Large quantities of information, as well as money, has been offered since the organization was built.has→have Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/句式升级 ‎1．大多数当地人都反对修建新机场。‎ ‎①Most_of_the_local_people_opposed_to_building_a_new_airport.(oppose)‎ ‎②Most_of_the_local_people_objected_to_building_a_new_airport.(object)‎ ‎③Most_of_the_local_people_were_opposed_to_building_a_new_airport.(opposed)‎ ‎④Most_of_the_local_people_were_against_building_a_new_airport.(against)‎ ‎2．她的兴趣爱好很多，从下国际象棋直至划船。(range)‎ ‎①She has a lot of hobbies, ranging_from_playing_chess_to_boating.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎②She has a lot of hobbies, which_ranges_from_playing_chess_to_boating.(定语从句)‎ ‎3．购物时，我们提倡使用布或纸袋子而不是塑料袋子。(advocate)‎ We advocate_using cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones when shopping.‎ ‎4. We must under no circumstances give up halfway.(用倒装句升级)‎ ‎→Under_no_circumstances_must_we_give_up_halfway.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．result in导致 ‎[教材原句]　They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ result from　　　　　　　　　 由……造成；起因于 as a result/consequence 因此；结果 as a result/consequence of 因为；由于 without result/consequence 没有结果；白费 ‎①Moreover, the over releasing of carbon dioxide may result_in less rainfall, the global warming and so on.‎ 并且，二氧化碳的过量排放也会导致雨量减少、全球变暖等等。‎ ‎②As_a_result/consequence,_I don't have enough time to take exercise.(2017·天津高考书面表达)‎ 因此，我没有足够的时间去锻炼。‎ ‎③Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.‎ 由于缺乏社会交流而造成的误解，如果处理不当，将会导致严重的问题。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“导致”的其他短语还有：lead to; bring about; contribute to; give rise to等。‎ ‎2．put up with容忍；忍受 ‎[教材原句]　We do not have to put up with pollution.‎ 我们不必去忍受污染。‎ put off　　　　　　　 延期；推迟；让……下车 put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版 put up 举起；建造；张贴；供给……住宿 put aside 节省；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away 收起来；放好 put forward 提出(建议)；把(钟表)向前拨 put on 上演；举行；穿上 ‎①Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put_up_with when watching TV.‎ 商业广告是我们在看电视时不得不忍受的东西之一。‎ ‎②Putting aside his disappointment, he smiled and praised the winner.‎ 把失望抛在一边，他微笑着赞扬了胜利者。‎ ‎③A suggestion has been put_forward that we should recycle the textbooks.‎ 有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有：stand, tolerate, bear等。‎ ‎3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！‎ so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎(1)引导条件状语从句的连词短语：‎ in case　　　　　　　　 如果；万一 on condition that 只要 ‎(2)as ...as的其他短语：‎ as well as 也；和……一样好 as soon as 一……就……‎ as far as 就……而言；至于 ‎①Some argue that humans and machines can coexist ‎ as_long_as_they_work_in_teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. (2017·北京高考)‎ 有些人认为只要人类和机器进行团队合作，他们是可以共存的——然而这是不可能的，除非机器和人类目标相同。‎ ‎②We can know more about the life of great people as_well_as history and cultures of other countries. ‎ 我们可以对伟人的生活及其他国家的历史和文化了解得更多。‎ ‎③As long as you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.‎ ‎→On_condition_that you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.‎ 只要你继续努力学习，你就能提高你的数学成绩。‎ ‎[名师指津]　as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时没有区别，可以替换。as long as表示“与……一样长(久)”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用put的短语填空 ‎①If you think you are sick you should not put_off going to the doctor.‎ ‎②We are going to put_on an exhibition of cultural relics next Tuesday.‎ ‎③Smoking is forbidden here. Please put your cigarette out.‎ ‎④I want to put_up a fence between our property and our neighbor's.　‎ ‎⑤A suitable answer has already been put_forward by the chairman.‎ ‎2．用result的短语完成下面语段 Li Ming is fond of recycling, which ①results_from (来自于) his teachers' persuasion. In order to reduce the emission of the carbon dioxide, he goes to school by bike every weekday. He hopes that his behavior can ②result_in (带来) good imitation. ③As a result of (由于) his efforts, now more and more students cycle to school. ④As_a_result ‎ (结果), he and many other students become very popular in school.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．总之，只要我们多听、多说、多读和多写，我们就能学好英语。(as long as)‎ In a word, as_long_as_we_do_more_listening,_speaking, reading and writing, we will learn English well.‎ ‎2．对高三学生而言，毫无疑问，时间是有限的，即使每一分钟都很宝贵。(doubt)‎ For senior three students, there_is_no_doubt_that_time_is_very_limited,_even a minute is of great value.‎ ‎3．当与整个地球的大小比较时，最高的山看起来一点也不高。(when＋过去分词)‎ When_compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth,_the highest mountain does not seem high at all.‎ ‎4．只有通过改变我们粗暴地对待环境的方式，我们才能与环境相处得好。(only引导的倒装句)‎ Only by changing the way we treat the environment roughly can_we_get_along_well_with_it.‎ ‎5．随着高考的临近，是我们学生更加努力学习功课的关键时候了。(It's high time that ...)‎ It's high time that we students should work/worked even harder at our lessons as the College Entrance Examination is coming nearer.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 subscribe to，go up，steady，result in，be opposed to，environmental，consequence， even if ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①有一些科学家认同全球变暖将会是一个大灾难。‎ Some scientists subscribe_to_the_view_that global warming will be a catastrophe.‎ ‎②持续增长的温度可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥饿。‎ The steady_going_up of the temperature may result_in_floods,_drought and famines.‎ ‎③其他科学家反对这种观点，认为这种变暖会很温和，不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。‎ Other scientists are_opposed_to this, saying the warming will be mild with no severe environmental_consequences.‎ ‎④我认为即使结论不是很明确，也要特别关注环境的保护，因为这一定会有益于我们的健康。‎ I think that even_if the conclusion is not clear, we should pay special attention to protecting_environment,_because it is surely beneficial to our health.‎ ‎⑤我们一起努力做一些能减少二氧化碳排放的事情， 这样，全球变暖可能就会变慢。‎ We work_hard_together to do something to_reduce the carbon dioxide, and the global warming may slow down.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用条件状语从句改写句⑤‎ As_long_as_we_work_hard_together_to_do_something_to_reduce_the_carbon_dioxide,_the_global_warming_may_slow_down.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： however)‎ Some scientists subscribe to the view that global warming will be a catastrophe. The steady going up of the temperature may result in floods, drought and famines. However, other scientists are opposed to this, saying the warming will be mild with no severe environmental consequences. I think that even if the conclusion is not clear, we should pay special attention to protecting environment, because it is surely beneficial to our health. As long as we work hard together to do something to reduce ‎ the carbon dioxide, the global warming may slow down.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——含多个从句的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ 本句是含多个从句的复合句。前两个that引导的是同位语从句；第三个that引导的是强调句，强调句中又含rather than连接的并列宾语。‎ 我们现在意识到家庭是多么重要，住在家人附近是多么重要，特别是当你养育孩子的时候。‎ 真题长难句 We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you're raising children.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B)‎ 本句是含多个从句的复合句。句中含两个how引导的宾语从句；又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 气温升高对北极圈植物的影响 ‎328‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·甘肃省高三第一次诊断)Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.‎ In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. ‎ As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.‎ But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all that leftover energy, these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.‎ White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When windblown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.‎ New trees will provide shelters for some snow. Keeping the sun's rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below, which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报告。主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。‎ ‎1．What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?‎ A．The shrinking of northern tundra.‎ B．The rising temperature.‎ C．The fierce and cold wind.‎ D．The abundant resources in the north.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world.”以及本段的整体内容可知，不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因，即B项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．To produce more seeds.‎ B．To move northward.‎ C．To respond to the climate change.‎ D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.‎ 解析：选D　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，画线词this 指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.‎ B．The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.‎ C．New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.‎ D．New trees can bring more food and shelter to local animals.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“New trees will provide shelters for some snow ... This warms the surrounding air.”可推知，新树会让周围的空气更加温暖，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．The passage is most probably taken from ________.‎ A．a science report　　　　 B．a health report C．a fashion magazine D．a children's magazine 解析：选A　文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响，故该文应选自科研报告，故A项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 空气污染 ‎302‎ ‎7分钟 Nine out of ten people on the planet breathe polluted air, even indoors,‎ ‎ the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Some 92% of the population live in places where air pollution exceeds (超过) WHO limits.‎ Air pollution can contribute to lung cancer and heart disease. The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions account for nearly two out of every three such deaths, with poorer countries “getting worse”. Around three million deaths every year are linked to outdoor air pollution. When “indoor” air pollution — which includes contaminants like wood smoke and cooking fires — is added, air pollution is linked to one in every nine deaths worldwide, the WHO said. The air quality model used in the data measures the smallest particles (颗粒), less than 2.5 micrometres across, which can enter the bloodstream and reach the brain.‎ Countrybycountry data showed that Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five. “Rich countries are getting much better in improving the quality of the air，” Dr Carlos Dora from the WHO told the Associated Press. “Poorer countries are getting worse.” However, he said, North America is doing better than Europe, mostly because Europe depends more on diesel fuel (柴油) and farming practices. China, the country with the sixthhighest death rate linked to air pollution, is relatively wealthy, but is bothered by smog in its cities and polluted air from industrial sources.‎ The WHO pointed to sustainable transport, waste management, and renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution. It said its latest data represented the most detailed study it has ever released. The analysis combined satellite measurement and more than 3,000 monitoring stations on the ground with air transport models. The report is based on 2012 figures, which are the most recent data available.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。全球90%的人呼吸着被污染的空气，而空气污染会引发多种疾病。贫穷国家的空气污染越来越严重。世界卫生组织指出，要想减少空气污染就必须改变人们的生活方式和生产方式。‎ ‎5．How is the text organized?‎ A．Conclusions － Consequences － Examples － Solutions.‎ B．Facts － Reasons － Examples － Solutions.‎ C．Reasons － Effects － Solutions － Trends.‎ D．Trends － Opinions － Reasons － Solutions.‎ 解析：选A　文章结构题。第一段提到了关于空气污染的结论，第二段主要讲的是空气污染产生的后果，第三段是例子，第四段提出治理空气污染的方法。故选A。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Heating tools. B．Indoor waste.‎ C．Producing activities. D．Harmful substances.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“‘indoor’ air pollution”以及画线词后的“like wood smoke and cooking fires”可知contaminants的意思应为“污染物”。故选D。‎ ‎7．Which has the lowest death rate caused by air pollution?‎ A．North America. B．Turkmenistan.‎ C．Egypt. D．China.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution”可知土库曼斯坦与空气污染有关的死亡率最高；根据“Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five”可知埃及排名前五；根据“China, the country with the sixthhighest death rate linked to air pollution”可知中国排名第六；根据“North America is doing better than Europe”可知，North America的情况比欧洲的好，故North America的空气污染导致的死亡率最低。‎ ‎8．Which may the author advocate to reduce air pollution?‎ A．Control the population. B．Invent energies.‎ C．Use air transport models. D．Go green.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The WHO pointed to sustainable transport, waste management, and renewable energies as ‎ possible ways to reduce air pollution.”可知，要减少空气污染，人们要过绿色生活。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·兰州市高三实战考试)Mr.Jackson was blind from birth. He owned a fruit __1__ on a very busy street. __2__ he was visually disabled, he ran his business pretty handsomely. He could see nothing and he could only __3__ the things within his reach. __4__ , he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had.‎ One day his son came to him. He told Mr. Jackson in __5__ that he read in the newspaper of a __6__ who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. The father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the __7__.‎ After the operation, the doctor asked Mr.Jackson: “What is the first thing you are __8__ to see when I take the bandages off？” He replied, “I really want to see my beautiful __9__ on my stand！”‎ The doctor and the son __10__ Mr.Jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. The doctor __11__ unwrapped the bandages __12__ he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit! Mr.Jackson was so full of __13__ that he could finally see his life's work — taking care of his fruit! After a few hours of __14__ his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. He looked __15__ the street and saw many other fruit stands. He spent so much time looking at other people's fruit stands and __16__ the competition that soon his own business __17__.‎ From Mr.Jackson's failure, we should know that everyone is a __18__ individual with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking. What we need to do is just be ourselves and __19__ everyone else to be who they are. Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the __20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过杰克逊的故事告诉我们：每个人都是独一无二的，我们要做的就是做自己，管好自己的事情，不要怕与他人竞争。‎ ‎1．A.stand B．company C．store D．center 解析：选A　根据下文的“I really want to see my beautiful __9__ on my stand！”的提示可知，杰克逊有一个水果摊。‎ ‎2．A.Because B．As C．Although D．When 解析：选C　此处表示尽管他失明了，但是他的生意做得相当好。根据语境中的逻辑关系，应选择C。‎ ‎3．A.remember B．describe C．imagine D．feel 解析：选D　根据文章第一句及前文的“He could see nothing”可知，杰克逊失明了，什么也看不见，所以他只能感受(feel)他手边的东西。‎ ‎4．A.Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 解析：选B　下文说他能够应对这一切，与前文构成转折关系，因此选择B。‎ ‎5．A.pride B．doubt C．excitement D．surprise 解析：选C　根据下文可知，杰克逊的儿子在报纸上看到有一个医生能治好杰克逊的眼睛，所以他应是兴奋地将这一消息告诉杰克逊。‎ ‎6．A.doctor B．nurse C．chemist D．volunteer 解析：选A　根据定语从句的内容及下文的“The father and son traveled to the doctor”可知，此处应指一名医生能治好杰克逊的眼睛。‎ ‎7．A.information B．medicine C．service D．operation 解析：选D　根据前文的“who could operate on his eyes”及下文的“After the operation, the doctor asked Mr.Jackson”可知，此处应指为手术付了款。‎ ‎8．A.nervous B．lucky C．eager D．afraid 解析：选C　根据下文的“I really want to see”可知，手术后，医生问杰克逊：“当我拆掉绷带时，你渴望见到的第一件东西是什么？”be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。‎ ‎9．A.flowers B．vegetables C．fruit D．clothing 解析：选C　根据第一段中的“He owned a fruit __1__ on a very busy street.”可知，他有一个水果摊，所以他想看看水果摊上的水果。‎ ‎10．A.sent B．accompanied C．followed D．invited 解析：选B　此处指医生和儿子陪同杰克逊去他的水果摊。send“派遣”；accompany“陪同”；follow“跟随”；invite“邀请”。‎ ‎11．A.suddenly B．curiously C．carefully D．firmly 解析：选C　医生小心地解开绷带。suddenly“突然”；curiously“好奇地”；carefully“小心地”；firmly“坚定地”。‎ ‎12．A.so that B．in case C．even if D．if only 解析：选A　医生解开绷带以便让杰克逊看到美丽的水果。so that“以便”，引导目的状语从句。in case“以防万一”；even if“即使”；if only“要是……就好了”。‎ ‎13．A.regret B．joy C．courage D．relief 解析：选B　杰克逊终于能看到他的水果了，他感到非常高兴。regret“遗憾”；joy“欢欣，喜悦”；courage“勇气”；relief“缓解，宽慰”。‎ ‎14．A.enjoying B．checking C．judging D．making 解析：选A　杰克逊对自己的水果摊欣赏几个小时后，他看到街两旁有很多水果摊。enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”；check“核查”；judge“判断”；make“制造”。‎ ‎15．A.above B．within C．through D．across 解析：选D　他往街对面看，看到了许多其他的水果摊。look across“向对面看，眺望”。注意look through表示“浏览”。‎ ‎16．A.preparing for B．focusing on C．worrying about D．taking up 解析：选C　根据下文中的“Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of the __20__.”可知，杰克逊看到这么多水果摊，开始担心竞争了。prepare for“为……做好准备”；focus on“集中(精力、注意力等)于”；worry about“担心”；take up“开始从事，占据”。‎ ‎17．A.improved B．failed C．appeared D．expanded 解析：选B　根据下文的“From Mr. Jackson's failure”可知，不久他自己的生意失败了。improve“改善”；fail“失败”；appear“出现”；expand“扩大”。‎ ‎18．A.simple B．reliable C．unique D．perfect 解析：选C　根据下文的“with different fingerprints, DNA and thinking”可知，每个人都是有不同指纹、DNA和思想的独一无二的人。simple“简单的”；reliable“可靠的，可信赖的”；unique“独一无二的，独特的”；perfect“完美的”。‎ ‎19．A.force B．require C．persuade D．allow 解析：选D　我们需要做的只是做自己，并允许别人成为他们自己。force“强迫，迫使”；require“要求”；persuade“说服”；allow“允许”。‎ ‎20．A.competition B．change C．difference D．disability 解析：选A　根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，此处应是劝诫我们：管好自己的事，我们应该决不害怕竞争。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Some popular places to visit are built by people. Other famous places are the __1__ (create) of nature. In the northeast of the US, there was ‎ a famous rock on a high mountain __2__ looked just like an old man. __3__ (locate) in the town of Franconia, New Hampshire, he had thick hair, a big nose and a beard. People called him The Old Man of the Mountain __4__ every year more than a million people came to visit him, The Old Man of the Mountain, also known __5__ the Great Stone Face, measured 40 __6__ (foot) tall. Scientists think that the stone face had been there for about 17,000 years.‎ In May 2003, there were very high winds and the temperature was very cold near the Old Man of the Mountain. The sky was so __7__ (cloud) that people couldn't see the stone face for many days. As soon as the storm was over, people looked for the Old Man but they couldn't see him. They discovered that he __8__ (fall) apart. A number of scientists climbed up, __9__ (hope) to repair the stone face. They were disappointed at __10__ they saw — the damage from the weather was just too bad.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了世界闻名的美国佛朗哥尼亚峡谷州立公园内的“大石脸”，也有人称它为“山上老人”。‎ ‎1．creation　空格中所填单词前面有冠词修饰，需用create的名词形式。‎ ‎2．that/which　“that/which looked just like an old man”是定语从句，修饰先行词rock，关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．Located　be located in/on/at ...是习惯用法，表示“(某地)位于……”，这里用的是其过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎4．and　前后两句之间意义上是并列关系，用and连接。‎ ‎5．as　be known as作为……而闻名。‎ ‎6．feet　空格中所填单词前面有大于一的数词修饰，需用foot的复数形式。‎ ‎7．cloudy　空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用cloud的形容词形式。‎ ‎8．had fallen　从句谓语动词动作fall apart发生在主句谓语动词动作discovered之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时。‎ ‎9．hoping　“hoping to repair the stone face”是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作hope与逻辑主语scientists之间是主动关系。‎ ‎10．what　“what they saw”是宾语从句，what在从句中作saw的宾语。‎ Topic 4　The power of nature (Book 6·Unit 5)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] AN EXCITING JOB I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth — the volcano.‎ I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. ❶Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict ❷where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.‎ When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. ❸Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii ‎ already， I didn't take much notice. ❹I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely fantastic sight.‎ The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen. We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but ❺this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. ❻Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.‎ ‎❶现在分词的完成式作时间状语 ‎❷where引导宾语从句 ‎❸现在分词的完成式作原因状语 ‎❹“be about to do ... when ...”正要……这时……‎ ‎❺独立主格结构作原因状语 ‎❻现在分词的完成式作让步状语 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．sample n．　　　　　　　　　样品；样本 ‎2．candidate n. 候选人；候补者 ‎3．tsunami n. 海啸；地震海啸 ‎4．questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表 ‎5．observatory n. 观象台；天文台；气象台 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的 ‎2．shoot vt. 射中；射伤 ‎3．guarantee vt. 保证；担保 ‎4．tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖 ‎5．suit n. 一套外衣；套装 vt. 适合；使适宜 ‎6．panic vi.&vt. 惊慌 n. 惊慌；恐慌 ‎7．wave n. 波浪；波涛 vi. 波动；起伏；挥手 ‎8．fountain vi.&vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出 n. 喷泉；源泉 ‎9．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj. 可能的；潜在的 ‎10．alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边 prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约定；任命 ‎2．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说adj.新奇的 ‎3．actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际上；事实上 ‎4．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估；评价 ‎5．appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciate vt.欣赏；感激 ‎6．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地 ‎7．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性 ‎8．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfort n．安慰；舒适vt.安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的 ‎9．unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious adj.有意识的；神志清醒的 ‎10．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．ChineseAmerican novelist Gish Jen covers great many a topic in her novels,_such as culture, race, and immigrants etc.(novel)‎ ‎2．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety.(anxious)‎ ‎3．You made me understand that life is all about appreciation and understanding but must be appreciated first before understanding.(appreciate)‎ ‎4．He was appointed as manager of the company. But to everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment.(appoint)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．be_about_to　　　　　　　　即将 ‎2．be_home_to 是……的栖息地 ‎3．vary_from_...to_... 由……到……不等 ‎4．take_notice 留意；注意 ‎5．in_the_distance 在远处 ‎6．make_one's_way 前往 ‎7．burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁 ‎8．glance_through 匆匆看一遍 ‎9．have_a_gift_for 有……的天赋 ‎10．be_compared_with 与……相比 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．The building was_burnt_to_the_ground due to the fireworks.‎ ‎2．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is_home_to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.‎ ‎3．The students vary_from one to another in character.‎ ‎4．One afternoon the other day, while making_my_way home after school, I happened to witness a serious car accident.‎ ‎5．I climbed the hill and saw a faint light coming from a house in_the_distance.‎ ‎6．Even though he is a little boy, he has_a_gift_for playing musical instruments.‎ ‎7．He glanced_through the letter and recognized his uncle's handwriting.‎ ‎8．If you want people to take_notice of you, you must make your accomplishments visible.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.‎ 收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。‎ ‎[解读]　having collected是现在分词完成时态形式作状语。‎ ‎[仿写]　遭受了如此严重的污染，这条河成了“死河”。‎ Having_suffered_such_heavy_pollution already, the river becomes “dead river”．‎ ‎2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.‎ 我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。‎ ‎[解读]　be about to do ... when ...“正要……这时……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　我们正要离开，这时隔壁突然传出了巨大的声响。‎ We were_about_to_leave_when a big noise came from the next room.‎ ‎3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。‎ ‎[解读]　this being my first experience是独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。‎ ‎[仿写]　若全面考虑，她的建议比你的建议更有价值。‎ All_things_considered,_her suggestion is of greater value than yours.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．appoint vt.任命；委派；约定；指定(时间、地点等)‎ ‎[教材原句]　I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.‎ 作为一名火山学家，二十年前我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。‎ ‎(1)appoint sb. as/to be ...　　　　 任命某人为……‎ appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事 ‎(2)appointment n. 任命；约会；约定 make an appointment with sb. 与某人做一个约定 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 by appointment 按照约定 ‎①I was appointed to_take (take) charge of arranging all the activities on that day.‎ 我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。‎ ‎②We made an appointment (appoint) that we can go there together again.‎ 我们约定我们会再一起去那儿。‎ ‎③A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and never_breaks_an_appointment.‎ 一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，从不违约。‎ ‎2．suit n．一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜 ‎[教材原句]　We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.‎ 我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了双大靴子。‎ ‎(1)suit ...to ...　　　　　 使……适合……‎ suit one's needs 适合需要 be suited to/for 适合于 ‎(2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的 be suitable for 适合于 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 ‎①If not, let me know what time suits (suit) you best.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ 如果不行，让我知道什么时间最适合你。‎ ‎②Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suitable (suit) for this job.‎ 首先，因为我的英语口语很流利，所以我认为我非常适合这份工作。‎ ‎③A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.‎ 好教师授课力求适合学生的年龄。‎ ‎[名师指津]　fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配；suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等。‎ ‎3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的 ‎[经典例句]　There were a few anxious moments in the baseball game.‎ 那场棒球赛中有些时刻令人焦虑不安。‎ ‎(1)be anxious for/about　　　 　 　　 为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 be anxious that ...(should) do sth. 希望……‎ ‎(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望 with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地 ‎①The drought had lasted several months, which made farmers anxious for/about the harvest.‎ 干旱已持续了好几个月，这使得农民很担心农作物的收成。‎ ‎②The company is anxious to_improve (improve) its image.‎ 那家公司急于改善形象。‎ ‎③Anxiously (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.‎ ‎→She took the dress out of the package and tried it on with anxiety (anxious), only to find it didn't fit.‎ 她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子试穿，结果发现它不合身了。‎ ‎4．panic n．惊慌；恐慌v.惊慌；恐慌 单句语法填空 ‎①Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they also disturb public order.　‎ ‎②The whole class panicked (panic) when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.‎ ‎③Rumours panicked many investors into selling their shares.‎ ‎[名师指津]　注意panic的过去式和过去分词分别为“panicked, panicked”。‎ ‎5．guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单 单句语法填空 ‎①The car is less than a year old, so it is still under guarantee.‎ ‎②Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?‎ ‎③We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to_succeed (succeed) in the end.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Look! From opposite the street come two kids, screaming in ‎ panic.‎ ‎2．Every year, new graduates are seeking for jobs suitable (suit) for themselves.‎ ‎3．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment (equip)．‎ ‎4．She was the first woman to_be_appointed (appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.‎ ‎5．The parents outside the school gate are being anxious (anxiety) about their children's safety.‎ ‎6．If you have the interest to visit there, don't forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to_enjoy (enjoy) the sights in their natural state.‎ ‎7．Appreciation (appreciate) of works of art is bound to be dominated by a particular kind of interest.‎ ‎8．The dog had been knocked unconscious (conscious) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream.‎ ‎9．Cycling is absolutely (absolute) an energysaving means of transportation.‎ ‎10．That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable (comfort) in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son.anxiously→anxious ‎2．They have been appointed a new head teacher at the school already.去掉been ‎3．This is the building where the new sports equipment are stored.are→is ‎4．To students, you'd better choose the activities which interest you and suit for you.去掉for ‎5．Hearing the rumor, people were panicked of buying salt.of→into ‎6．You are absolute right. It is our responsibility to stop all illegal activities.absolute→absolutely Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/句式升级 ‎1. 这件衬衫大小刚好，但是颜色和款式不太适合你。‎ ‎①This_shirt_is_just_the_right_size,_but_the_color_and_style_don't_suit_you.(suit)‎ ‎②This_shirt_is_just_the_right_size,_but_the_color_and_style_isn't_suitable_for_you.(suitable)‎ ‎③This_shirt_is_just_the_right_size,_but_the_color_and_style_isn't_fit_for_you.(fit)‎ ‎2．被任命为联合国大使，他决心全心全意地为祖国服务。(appoint, determine)‎ Appointed_as an ambassador to the UN, he was determined_to_serve his country heart and soul.‎ ‎3．Because he was anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.(用形容词短语作状语升级)‎ ‎→Anxious_for_a_quick_decision,_the chairman called for a vote.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．make one's way前往 ‎[教材原句]　It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.‎ 穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。‎ fight one's way　　　　　 奋力前进 lose one's way 迷路 feel one's way 摸索前进 push one's way 挤出来 wind one's way 蜿蜒前进 ‎①Look! Many children are making_their_way to the beach.‎ 看！很多孩子正往海滩走去。‎ ‎②It was so foggy that we had to feel_our_way home.‎ 雾这么大，我们只好摸索着回家。‎ ‎③A stream is winding_its_way through the valley into the river.‎ 一条小溪蜿蜒着穿过山谷，流入这条河。‎ ‎2．vary from ...to ...由……到……不等 ‎[教材原句]　The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.‎ 这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。‎ ‎(1)vary in ... 　 　　　　 在……(大小、形状等)上不同 vary with 随……变化；改变 ‎(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的 ‎(3)variety n. 变化；种类；多样化 a variety of ＝ varieties of 　 各种各样的 ‎①I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying (vary) from Chinese stories to English stories.‎ 我非常喜欢读书，尤其是故事书，从中文的到英文的。‎ ‎②In my free time, I'll continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various (vary) ball games.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 在空闲时间，我会继续定期锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和玩各种球类游戏。‎ ‎③These bags are made of a variety of (＝varieties_of) materials that can be easily treated when they become rubbish.‎ 这些包是由各种材料做成的，它们成为垃圾时易于分解。‎ ‎3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava ‎ for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.‎ 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。‎ this being my first experience为“逻辑主语＋现在分词短语”式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的常用形式：‎ ‎(1)名词(词组)/代词＋现在分词或过去分词 ‎(2)名词(词组)/代词＋动词不定式 ‎(3)名词(词组)/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语 ‎①The task completed (complete), we had a global travelling.‎ 完成任务后，我们进行了一次环球旅行。‎ ‎②The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly, her long hair flowing (flow) in the breeze.‎ 照片上的女孩笑得很甜，她的长发在微风中飘动。‎ ‎③Many trees, flowers, and grass to_be_planted (plant), our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful.‎ 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。‎ ‎[名师指津]　独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它常在句中作状语，与with复合结构的作用相同。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用way的短语填空 ‎①They lost_their_way in the forest and what made matters worse was that night began to fall.‎ ‎②The traveller had to fight_his_way through the tropical forest with an axe.‎ ‎③He pushed_his_way through the crowd, saying “Excuse me”．‎ ‎④Bad luck! Our water supply gave out while we were making_our_way in the desert.‎ ‎2．用vary的适当形式或短语完成下面语段 The lake of heaven which is also called Tianchi lies in Changbaishan in Jilin Province，northeast China. The land ①varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres. There is ②a_variety_of/varieties_of rare plants and animals. The climate ③varies_with seasons in a year. In winters, the temperature of the mountain top can be up to －40℃. There are many ④various stories about Tianchi, among which the most wellknown concerns three young women from heaven.‎ Ⅱ.补全或翻译句子 ‎1．我正要给李先生打电话，这时他走进了办公室。(be about to do ... when ...)‎ I_was_about_to_call_up_Mr_Li_when_he_came_into_the_office.‎ ‎2．我们学校有三个大的多媒体教室，每一间都配备了最新的电脑。(独立主格结构)‎ We have three large multimedia classrooms in our school, each_equipped_with_the_newest_computers.‎ ‎3．由于对形势的深刻了解，他们能有效地处理这个问题。(现在分词作原因状语)‎ Having_known_the_situation_well,_they could deal with the problem efficiently.‎ ‎4．据说吃得最多的人身体最差。(it作形式主语的主语从句)‎ It_is_said_that_those_who_eat_the_most_are_the_least_healthy.‎ ‎5．在生产中，我们不仅要关注数量，而且要关注质量。(not only ...but also ...)‎ In production, we should always keep an eye not_only_on_quantity_but_also_on_quality.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 erupt，panic，potential，actually，evaluate，take notice of，be about ‎ to ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①火山爆发会引起恐慌，有可能将所经之处的一切焚烧殆尽。‎ When volcanoes_erupt,_they cause_panic_and_have_potential_to burn everything to the ground in its path.‎ ‎②事实上，空气中的火山灰使飞机没法飞行。‎ Actually,_ashes in the air make_it_impossible_for_flights_to_work.‎ ‎③在飞行前，我们需要评估大气质量，以免陷入不必要的恐慌中。‎ Before the plane takes off, we should evaluate_the_quality of atmosphere in_order_not_to_get_into_panic.‎ ‎④如果你即将乘飞机飞往火山地区，你应该留意最新的火山信息。‎ If you are_about_to fly across the volcano area, you should_take_notice_of the latest news about it.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用独立主格结构和原因状语从句升级句①‎ Volcanoes_erupting,_people_feel_panicked_because_volcanoes_have_potential_to_burn_everything_to_the_ground_in_its_path.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： so)‎ Volcanoes erupting, people feel panicked because volcanoes have potential to burn everything to the ground in its path. Actually, ashes in the air make it impossible for flights to work. So before the plane takes off, we should evaluate the quality of atmosphere in order not to get into panic. If you are about to fly across the volcano area, you should take notice of the latest news about it.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——含两个从句的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 The lava that flows slowly like a wave down ‎ the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.‎ 本句是含两个从句的复合句。that引导的是定语从句；because引导的是原因状语从句。‎ 但我们都不得不承认，随着我们变老，我们的反应就慢下来，这经常造成人们回避那些具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况并失去对他们的驾驶技能的信心。‎ 真题长难句 But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D)‎ 本句是含两个从句的复合句。that引导的是宾语从句；该从句中又包含as引导的状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 电击事故 ‎272‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·南宁第二次适应性考试)Having experienced a shocking electrical accident, which caused him to become both blind and deaf, James Franco's world became completely dark and quiet for almost ten years. The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life. His family, especially his wife, did their best to tend and comfort him and finally he regained the will to live.‎ One hot summer afternoon, he was taking a walk with a stick near his house when a thunderstorm started all at once. He stood under a large tree ‎ to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by lightning. Witnesses thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying face down in muddy water. He was trembling badly, but when he opened his eyes, he could hardly believe what he saw: a tree and a muddy road. When Mrs. Franco came running up to him, shouting to their neighbors to call for help, he could see her and hear her voice for the first time in nearly ten years.‎ The news of James regaining his sight and hearing quickly spread and many doctors came to examine him. Most of them said that he regained his sight and hearing from the shock he got from lightning. However, none of them could give a compelling answer as to why this should happen. The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since James lost his sight and hearing as a result of a sudden shock, perhaps, the only way for him to regain them was by another sudden shock.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。James Franco经历了一次电击事故后，失明、失聪了近十年，但是后来被闪电击中后他奇迹般地恢复了视力和听力。‎ ‎1．The reason that James attempted to kill himself was that ________.　‎ A．a terrible electrical accident happened to him B．he had to live in a dark and silent world C．he was struck by lightning once more D．nobody in the world cared about him 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life.”可知，失去视力和听力导致James Franco生活在黑暗和无声的世界中，这种痛苦导致他几度要自杀。故B项正确。‎ ‎2．What was James doing when he was struck by lightning?‎ A．Sheltering from the rain under a tree.‎ B．Putting an end to his life.‎ C．Taking a walk with a stick.‎ D．Lying on the ground.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by lightning.”可知，James Franco被闪电击中时，他正在树下躲雨。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “compelling” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Wrong.　　　　　　 B．Convincing.‎ C．Unexplained. D．True.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。画线词所在句的句意为：然而，关于为什么竟然会发生这样的事情，没有人能给出一个令人信服的答案。根据句意可知，compelling和reasonable“令人信服的”意义相近，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Terrible Electrical Accident B．James Franco and His Wife C．An Unforgettable Experience D．What a Sudden Shock!‎ 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了James Franco被闪电击中之后奇迹般地恢复了视力和听力的故事，故D项为文章最佳标题。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 全球变暖给海豹带来的影响 ‎372‎ ‎8分钟 When the natural climate changes due to global warming, it can surely affect seals. The majority of them live in the Antarctic region so as the ice is melting, their natural habitat can be seriously affected. These changes don't take place overnight. They can be the result of many years of additional temperatures in the area. The seals then have to find ways to adapt.‎ Seals depend on the cool air currents to bring plenty of food for them. When the temperatures get higher, there is less and less food and the seal population starts to get_depleted. Mothers aren't healthy enough to feed their babies. Many of them end up abandoned as the mothers have to leave ‎ to find their own source of food.‎ The fact that their desire to produce young can be changed by the warmer temperatures is frightening too. It is also believed that the warmer temperatures can allow different diseases and viruses to attack the seals. This is a huge concern as they can rapidly wipe out huge numbers of seals out there. ‎ However, these changes in climate and temperature aren't all bad for other species of seals. Scientists have found that those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes. Research also shows that the females are moving further to find food and water. When they are out of the reach of the governing males, they are more willing to accept the moves of other males in the group.‎ This is good news too because it means that there will be more selection in the gene pool (基因库) for future generations. It can help the seals as a species adapt to changes in their natural environment more easily.‎ ‎ The climate change problem for seals is directly linked to humans. When we take action to change what we let out into the environment, we will make positive changes for the seals. However, it is going to take a very long time to reverse (彻底改变) the effects of what has already been done.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球气候变暖给海豹带来的影响。‎ ‎5．What does the author regard climate changes for seals as？A.A doubleedged sword.‎ B．An unavoidable disaster for existence.‎ C．A mirror of evolution.‎ D．A requirement for more choice in the gene pool.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。文章第一至三段介绍了气候变暖对南极地区的海豹的负面影响，第四、五段介绍了气候变暖对其他种类的海豹的正面影响。由此可推知，在作者看来，对海豹来说，气候变暖既有利又有弊，是一把双刃剑。故选A。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined phrase “get depleted” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?‎ A．Explode. B．Disappear.‎ C．Shrink. D．Vary.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的“When the temperatures get higher, there is less and less food”可知，气温升高时，海豹的食物会越来越少，这当然会导致海豹数量的下降。故画线部分与shrink“(使数量、体积或价值)缩小，减少”意义相近。‎ ‎7．What will happen to the seals in warmer climates?‎ A．Their number will be on the increase.‎ B．The female seals will be in the lead.‎ C．Their genes will change a great deal.‎ D．The females will keep away from the males.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes”可知，生活在更暖和的地区的海豹会因为气候变暖而繁殖更多的幼崽。由此可知，它们的数量会增加。‎ ‎8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Importance of Protecting Seals B．Seals' Adaptation to Climate Change C．How Climate Change Affects Seals D．Why Are Seals Becoming Less and Less 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了全球气候变暖给海豹带来的负面影响和正面影响，因此C项“气候变化如何影响海豹”为本文最佳标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎30 years ago, I was rocking my baby boy in my arms. __1__ My wife was half asleep and half watching TV in the living room. I poured myself a ‎ glass of iced tea in the kitchen, and walked into the front yard.‎ ‎__2__ On the hill next to our house the neighbor's children were running after fireflies (萤火虫), hoping to catch one in a jar. I sat down in my chair and watched them for a while.‎ As fast as they could run, though, they couldn't seem to catch the slow moving lighting insects. Finally, tired, they sat down in the grass and just watched the little guys flying through the air, flashing their light on and off. __3__ It felt so good getting to see one of nature's many miracles (奇迹) lighting up my front yard on a warm summer night.‎ Over the years since then I have appreciated and enjoyed all of the wonderful light in this world. __4__ I have found it in nature, books, music, animals, prayer, and most of all in the lives of those around me. I have never tried to catch this light, however. I have learned that true light and true love must come from within. __5__‎ A．Let them remind you to shine your own light as well.‎ B．When he fell asleep I put him gently down for a good night.‎ C．I have taken it into my heart and welcomed it into my soul.‎ D．I slowly drank my tea and joined them in their appreciation.‎ E．They must flow freely between us and cannot be caught in a jar.‎ F．The next time you see some fireflies, take a seat and enjoy their light.‎ G．As soon as I stepped onto the yard I heard the sweet sound of laughter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个夏夜，作者在院子里看到邻居的孩子们捕捉萤火虫，他们捕捉失败后开始看着萤火虫漫天飞舞。作者由此发出感慨：真正的光芒和爱一定来自内心。‎ ‎1．选B　上文提到作者哄孩子睡觉，下文提到作者在厨房给自己倒了一杯冰茶并走进前院。故B项符合语境，he指代上文中的“my baby boy”。‎ ‎2．选G　第一段提到“walked into the front yard”，故G项与之呼应。yard是关键词。‎ ‎3．选D　上文提到孩子们捉不到萤火虫后坐在草地上看着一闪一闪的萤火虫漫天飞舞，下文提到“It felt so good getting to see one of nature's many miracles (奇迹) lighting up my front yard on a warm summer night.”，故空处应是作者也观赏萤火虫的内容。D项符合语境。‎ ‎4．选C　通读第四段可以发现，下文句式都与该段第一句呼应，因此空格处应用现在完成时。故选C项，且C项中的it指的就是上文中的“all of the wonderful light in this world”。‎ ‎5．选E　空格前提到“我学到了真正的光芒和爱一定来自于内心”，故E项“它们必须在我们中间自由地流淌，而不能被装在罐子里”，即真正的光和爱是自由的、不受束缚的，符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 Sometimes it is nice to reflect on those that actions or words have shaped us and influenced who we are today. One such person for me is my seventhgrade biology teacher, the man with a good sense of humor. It was because his way of teaching that inspired my interest of biology. Last month, I write him a long letter, tell him I would like to teach college biology one day. Of course, this letter was also a thankyou note to them for getting me started. He actual wrote back to me and said how happy he was hear from me. It was amazing to reconnect with him and be able to express my thank for something that happened so long ago.‎ 答案：第一句：that→whose 第二句：the→a 第三句：去掉because; 第二个of→in 第四句：write→wrote; tell→telling 第五句：them→him 第六句：actual→actually; was后加to 第七句：thank→thanks Topic 5　Under the sea (Book 7·Unit 3)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] OLD TOM THE KILLER WHALE I was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station. I had ‎ heard of the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales. I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.‎ On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, ❶I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. It was black and white and fishshaped. But I knew it wasn't a fish.‎ ‎“That's Old Tom, the killer，” one of the whalers, George, called out to me. “He's telling us there's a whale out there for us.”‎ Another whaler yelled out, “Rushoo ... rushoo.” This was the call ❷that announced there was about to be a whale hunt ‎“Come on, Clancy. To the boat，” George said as he ran ahead of me. I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting, so even though I didn't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.‎ Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.‎ Using a telescope we could see that something was happening. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.‎ ‎“What're they doing？” I asked George.‎ ‎“Well, it's teamwork — the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale's blowhole to stop it breathing. And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea，” George told me, pointing towards the hunt. And just at that moment, the most extraordinary thing happened. The killers started racing between our boat and the whale just like a pack of excited dogs.‎ Then the harpoon was ready and the man in the bow of the boat aimed it at the whale. He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot. ❸Being badly wounded，the whale soon died. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. The men started turning the boat around to go home.‎ ‎“What's happened？” I asked. “Have we lost the whale？”‎ ‎“Oh no，” Jack replied. “We'll return tomorrow to bring in the body. It won't float up to the surface for around 24 hours.” “In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue，” added Red, laughing.‎ Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters, they never harmed or attacked people. In fact, they protected them. There was one day ❹when we were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat.‎ ‎“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly.‎ The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The waves were carrying James further and further away from us. From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. Then suddenly I saw a shark.‎ ‎“Look, there's a shark out there，” I screamed.‎ ‎“Don't worry, Old Tom won't let it near，” Red replied.‎ ‎❺It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James， and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. I couldn't believe my eyes.‎ There were shouts of “Well done, Old Tom” and “Thank God” as we pulled James back into the boat. And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt ❻where the other killers were still attacking the whale.‎ ‎❶“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 ‎❷that引导定语从句；be about to do sth.“即将做某事”‎ ‎❸现在分词短语作原因状语 ‎❹when引导定语从句，修饰先行词one day，在从句中作时间状语 ‎❺“it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”(某人)花时间去做某事 ‎❻where引导定语从句，修饰地点名词the hunt ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．anecdote n．　　　　　　轶事；奇闻 ‎2．boundary n. 界限；分界线 ‎3．accommodation n. 住所；住宿 ‎4．dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面 ‎5．migration n. 迁徙；迁居；移居 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．teamwork n. 协作；配合 ‎2．relationship n. 关系；血缘关系；交往 ‎3．pause vi.&n. 暂停；中止 ‎4．dive vi.&n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲 ‎5．flee vi. 逃避；逃跑 vt. 逃离 ‎6．target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象 ‎7．abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃 ‎8．neat adj. 〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的 ‎9．shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的 ‎10．opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 相对的；相反的 ‎11．annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的 n. 年刊；年鉴 ‎12．witness vt. 当场见到；目击 n. 目击者；证人；证据 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．conservation n．保存；保护→conserve vt.保存 ‎ ‎2．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识；觉悟 ‎3．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映 ‎4．tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→taste n．味道 vt.品尝→tasteless adj.无味的；不可口的 ‎5．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.可怕的；吓人的→scared adj.感到恐惧的 ‎6．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharply adv.急剧地，锐利地→sharpen vt.削尖；使锋利→sharpener n．削笔刀 ‎7．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→ urgency n．紧急；迫切→ urgent adj.急迫的；迫切的；紧急的 ‎8．depth n．深(度)；深处→deep adj.深的；深刻的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地；非常地→deepen vi.加深 ‎ Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Though the soup is tasty,_I've lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(tasty)‎ ‎2．It was a scary story and children were scared after they heard it.(scare)‎ ‎3．The boy's pencil isn't sharp,_so he sharpens it with his sharpener.(sharp)‎ ‎4．Some flowers are reflected in the river and the reflection is very beautiful.(reflect)‎ ‎5．Some workers work deep into the night just to deepen the small lake to the depth of 6 meters.(deep)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．aim_at 瞄准；力求达到 ‎2．ahead_of 领先；在……前面 ‎3．get_close_to 靠近 ‎4．be_about_to_do_sth. 正要做某事 ‎5．(be)_scared_to_death 吓死了；害怕得要命 ‎6．be/become_aware_of 对……知道、明白；意识到……‎ ‎7．upside_down 上下翻转 ‎8．in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时 ‎9．help_(...)_out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 ‎10．hold_(...)_up 举起；抬起；支撑；阻挡；使延误 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．Recently our school has carried out a program aimed_at making our campus a safe place to stay on.‎ ‎2．Looking for his lost magazine, the man turned the whole room upside_down.‎ ‎3．More and more people are becoming_aware_of the dangers of air pollution.‎ ‎4．—Do you work in this office?‎ ‎—No, as a clerk in this office is on vacation, I'm just helping_out here for about a week.‎ ‎5．The conference will begin in an hour; in_the_meantime,_let's have a chat.‎ ‎6．From now on, don't take me to watch horrible movies. I was_scared_to_death last night.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.‎ 那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。‎ ‎[解读]　It was a time when ...“曾经一度(那时)”，when引导的是定语从句，修饰time。‎ ‎[仿写]　那是一个鲨鱼被过度捕杀的时期。‎ It_was_a_time_when the sharks were hunted too much.‎ ‎2．As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.当我们靠近的时候，我能看到一头鲸正受到约六条其他虎鲸的攻击。‎ ‎[解读]　being attacked是现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语，表示一个正在发生的被动动作。‎ ‎[仿写]　当我到达市场时，我看到一只乌龟正在被卖家杀死。‎ When I arrived at the market, I saw a turtle being_killed_by_a_seller.‎ ‎3．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.‎ 水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。‎ ‎[解读]　where ..., there be ....“在……地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　常言道，有志者，事竟成。‎ As the saying goes, where_there_is a will, there_is a way.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．witness vt.当场见到；目击n.目击者；证人；证据 ‎[教材原句]　I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.‎ 当时我以为只是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过多次。‎ ‎(1)a witness to ...　　　　　 ……的证人/证据 give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明 ‎(2)witness for 为……作证 witness to sth./doing sth. 证实/证明(做)某事 ‎①The boxoffice income of Chinese movies ‎ witnessed_a_constant_increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. (2017·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 中国电影的票房收入见证了从2012年大约170亿元到2015年的400多亿元的持续增长。‎ ‎②The girl witnessed to_having_seen (see) the man burst into the bank on a dark night last week.‎ 这个女孩证明她看见那个男子在上周的一个黑夜闯入银行。‎ ‎③His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.‎ 他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。‎ ‎[名师指津]　英语中常用表示时间、地点等的名词作主语，而常用形容人的感官动词see, witness等作谓语进行拟人修辞。另外，注意witness to中的to是介词。‎ ‎2．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎[教材原句]　“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly.‎ 乔治大声喊道“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”‎ ‎(1)urge sb. to do sth.　　　　　　 催促某人做某事 urge on sb. sth. 极力主张某人某事 urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张；强调……‎ It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……‎ have an urge to do sth. 迫切要做某事 ‎(2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 ‎(3)urgency n. 紧急；催促 ‎①Our teacher urges us to_study (study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.‎ 随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。‎ ‎②It is strongly urged by students that the library (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the weekend.‎ 学生们极力主张图书馆周末也应开放。‎ ‎③It's of great urgency (urge) that we need to make the relative laws ‎ with the rapid growth of online shopping.‎ 随着网上购物的迅速发展，我们急需制定相关的法律。‎ ‎3．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止；使放纵；使听任n.放任；放纵 ‎[教材原句]　From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.‎ 从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。‎ ‎(1)abandon oneself to ...　　 沉湎于……；纵情于……‎ abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 ‎(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ‎(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；被抛弃的 be abandoned to 沉湎于……‎ ‎①We should get rid of (＝abandon) those bad habits that are harmful to our health, such as smoking and drinking.‎ 我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。‎ ‎②The young man does nothing but abandon himself to pleasure.‎ 那位年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。‎ ‎③The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.‎ 女孩们欢呼雀跃纵情地挥舞着她们的胳膊。‎ ‎4．reflect vi.思考vt.映射；反射；思考 ‎[高考佳句]　In the class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 在课堂上，你将主要学习唐诗，它反映了中国传统文化并且深受中国人民喜爱。‎ ‎(1)reflect ... in ...　　　 在……中映出……的影像 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事 ‎(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思 be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 on reflection 再三考虑 ‎①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are_reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.‎ 高楼倒映在湖里，湖的周围有许多树，非常美丽。‎ ‎②Reflecting_on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.‎ 思考着她的志愿者经历，蒂娜对和她的当地同事们一起设法成功完成的事情感到自豪。‎ ‎③Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family environment.‎ 通常一个孩子的行为是他家庭环境的反映。‎ ‎5．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓 单句语法填空 ‎①Most of us are eager for success and scared of failure.‎ ‎②That scary/scaring (scare) movie was so terrifying that Mark felt frightened at the thought of it.‎ ‎③Some pupils are often scared into offering some money in the corner of the streets by a few young men.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．You should provide a qualified witness for your application.‎ ‎2．Only since 2016 has the show been held annually (annual)．‎ ‎3．It's a good chance to reflect on/upon what they should be thankful for.‎ ‎4．The report urged that all the children (should)_be_taught (teach) to swim.‎ ‎5．The thief was_dragged (drag) out of his hiding place.‎ ‎6．To everyone's surprise, the CEO fled (flee) to the US, leaving his company in a mess.‎ ‎7．Feeling frustrated, I found I abandoned myself to playing (play) computer games.‎ ‎8．When I was in Suzhou, I found all the streets designed neatly (neat)．‎ ‎9．At the graduation ceremony, our headmaster required us to raise our competitive awareness (aware) in modern society.‎ ‎10．If you get impatient and try to speed things up, you'll ruin the sharpness (sharp), the straightness of the blade.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．When I first saw a real snake, I was scared death.scared后加to ‎2．He said that the manager had already been aware the problem.aware后加of ‎3．His image seemed to be reflected many times on the mirror.on→in ‎4．While she was in Paris, she developed a tasty for fine art.tasty→taste ‎5．In the exams, beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students.neatly→neat ‎6．The manager urged that a meeting being held to discuss how to improve our work.being→be ‎7．A truck came in an opposite direction of the car, so the car driver made a sharply turn.sharply→sharp ‎8．Judging from the furniture in the room, the building has abandoned for a number of years.has后加been Ⅲ.一句多译/同义替换/句式升级 ‎1．我们强烈要求年轻人戒烟。(urge)‎ ‎①We_strongly_urge_young_man_to_give_up_smoking.‎ ‎②We_strongly_urge_on_young_man's_giving_up/quitting_smoking.‎ ‎③We_strongly_urge_that_young_man_(should)_give_up/quit_smoking.‎ ‎④It_is_strongly_urged_that_young_man_(should)_give_up/quit_smoking.‎ ‎⑤We_have_a_strong_urge_to_have_young_man_give_up/quit_smoking.‎ ‎2．She was lost in thought(＝ reflection) on her future.‎ 她为自己的未来而陷入深思之中。‎ ‎3．The city's former greatness came from the old temples.(用拟人修辞)‎ ‎→The old temples gave_witness_to/saw the city's former greatness.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境 ‎[教材原句]　What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?‎ 有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？‎ ‎(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事 help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用……等)‎ ‎(2)with the help of sb.＝ with one's help ‎ 在某人的帮助下 ‎①I helped him with his lessons and I told him not to worry about his lessons.‎ 我帮他学习功课并且告诉他不要为他的功课担心。‎ ‎②Standing in the beautiful forest, he couldn't help having (have) a deep breath.‎ 站在这美丽的森林中，他情不自禁地深呼吸。‎ ‎2．be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到……‎ ‎[教材原句]　The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me — purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。‎ ‎(1)be aware that ... 　　　 意识到；体会到……‎ as far as I'm aware 据我所知 make sb. aware that/of 提醒某人注意 ‎(2)awareness n. 意识；认识 strengthen/raise one's awareness of 增强/提高某人……的意识 develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养……的意识 ‎①As a member of the society, I realize (＝am/become_aware) that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.‎ 作为社会的一员，我意识到负责任正是创造良好社会所需要的。‎ ‎②On the other hand, individuals should develop the awareness (aware) of environment protection.‎ 另一方面，人人都应该培养环境保护意识。‎ ‎③As far as I'm concerned (＝aware), the problem is easy to deal with.‎ 就我而言，这个问题很容易处理。‎ ‎3．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.‎ 水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。‎ where ..., there be ...意为“在……地方，有……”。‎ ‎(1)where可以引导地点状语从句，修饰主句的谓语。‎ ‎(2)where可以引导定语从句，修饰它前面的名词。‎ ‎(3)where可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。‎ ‎①As the saying goes, where there is a smoke, there_is a fire.‎ 常言道，无风不起浪。‎ ‎②I hope to live where_the_air_is_fresh and people are friendly.‎ 我希望住在一个空气清新、人们友好的地方。‎ ‎③We are going to meet at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and cycle to the nearby mountain where_we_can_go_hiking and enjoy a picnic.(2017·6月浙江高考应用文写作)‎ 我们打算上午七点钟在学校门口集合并骑车到附近山上远足并进行野餐。‎ ‎④We haven't dealt with the question where_we_are_going_to_spend the weekend.‎ 到哪儿去过周末，这个问题我们还没有解决。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用help的短语填空 ‎①With his teacher's help he wanted to try it a second time.‎ ‎②While walking around the park, we couldn't_help admiring the beauty of nature.‎ ‎③My father has often helped me out when I've been a bit short of money.‎ ‎④Looking at the night sky, one can't_help_but wonder if there are other forms of intelligence out there.‎ ‎2．用aware完成下面语段 ‎①As_far_as_I'm_aware (据我所知), many young junior students smoke. Maybe, they haven't ②been_aware_of (意识到) the harm smoking can bring about. So, their peers, parents and teachers should ③make_them_aware_of (使他们意识到) the severe consequence of smoking. In my opinion, it's very important to ④develop_an_awareness_of_health (养成健康意识) now.‎ Ⅱ.补全或翻译句子 ‎1．哪儿有困难， 哪儿就有解决它们的方法。(where ..., there be ...)‎ Where_there_are_difficulties,_there_are_ways_to_get_over_them.‎ ‎2．我经常怀念我的童年。那是一段几乎每天都无忧无虑的日子。(It was a time when ...)‎ I often miss my childhood. It_was_a_time_when_I_spent_almost_each_day_without_worries.‎ ‎3．这本书解释了随着环境的变化，动植物是如何进化的。 (as)‎ The book explains how animals and plants develop as_the_environment_changes.‎ ‎4．他每天花30分钟做早操。(It takes sb.＋time＋to do sth.)‎ It_takes_him_30_minutes_to_do_morning_exercises_every_day.‎ ‎5．我看见他正被送往医院。(分词作宾语补足语)‎ I saw him being_taken_to_the_hospital.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 aware， abandon， witness， flee， help out， be scared to death ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①昨天晚上我们见证了一家超市发生的一场大火。‎ We witnessed_a_big_fire in a supermarket last night.‎ ‎②开始我们只看到一点点烟从窗户冒出来。‎ At the beginning we only saw a little smoke coming_from_windows.‎ ‎③当烟越来越浓时，人们意识到着火了。‎ When the smoke became thicker and thicker, people were_aware_of the coming of a big fire.‎ ‎④人们都吓坏了。‎ People were_scared_to_death.‎ ‎⑤有些人打算丢弃他们买的东西逃跑。‎ Some people planned to abandon_the_goods_they_bought_and_flee immediately.‎ ‎⑥在一些路人和消防人员的帮助下，情况得到了控制。‎ With_the_help_of_some_passersby and some firefighters, the situation was brought under control.‎ ‎⑦超市里所有的人都安全获救。‎ Everyone in the supermarket was_helped_out_safely.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用and合并句③和句④，并使用独立主格结构 The_smoke_becoming_thicker_and_thicker,_people_were_aware_of_the_coming_of_a_big_fire_and_were_scared_to_death.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： luckily)‎ We witnessed a big fire in a supermarket last night. At the beginning we only saw a little smoke coming from windows. The smoke becoming thicker and thicker, people were aware of the coming of a big fire and were scared to death. Some people planned to abandon the goods they bought and flee immediately. Luckily, with the help of some passersby and some firefighters, the situation was brought under control. Everyone in the supermarket was helped out safely.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——含多个从句的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting, so even though I didn't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.‎ 本句是含多个从句的复合句。that引导的是宾语从句；so引导的是结果状语从句，该从句中又包含even though引导的让步状语从句。‎ 如果有人敲门且不是什么重要的事情，就给自己找借口，并让那个人知道你很忙，这样他们能得到暗示，即当门关着时，你不要被打扰。‎ 真题长难句 If someone knocks and it's not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you're not to be 本句是含多个从句的复合句。句中If引导条件状语从句；而主句部分为祈使句，其中know后接宾语从句；so连接并列句，其中that引导同位语从句，说明“the hint”‎ ‎ disturbed.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读七选五)‎ 的内容，在该同位语从句中when引导时间状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 海上遇险 ‎339‎ ‎7分钟 It sounded like ice, that awful sound I experienced in the icy Cook Inlet years ago. It didn't alarm me, and that's how I knew I was asleep, because there was no ice where we were.‎ My door flew open, the engineer shouting, “Get up！” I got out and climbed up to the wheelhouse, and there in front of us was the reef (礁) marker, the one that we aren't supposed to get anywhere near. Our ship ran aground (搁浅地), and in the open waters a 6foot swell was rolling in over the reef, picking up the ship and dropping us onto the reef with a frightening shake. We were stuck, and were going to break up on that reef if we stayed there. On the cold Alaskan night, if you went into the water, you only had a few minutes before unconsciousness and death came.‎ I started telling jokes. No one was hurt! The ship was still holding together, and we still had the lifeboats. Even when all our priorities (当务之急) shifted to little more than survival, there was much to be thankful for. When you find yourself in that kind of situation, thinking a lot about the failures that got you to that point serves no purpose. Worrying about it will not save anyone, so we went to work. Finally, we got ourselves off the reef and moved slowly over to a bay, with the bottom holed. I'll never forget the feeling of being safe in the bay after that accident.‎ I would like to say that it makes no sense to focus on the 5% which is bad in your life, when 95% of it is good. In truth, even when 95% of ‎ it is bad, it still makes sense to be thankful for the 5% that is good. There is always something to be thankful for in a horrible situation, and always something to be learned on a spiritual level. Gratitude isn't just a direct line to happiness; it can also save your life!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者乘船在海上突遇险境，并想方设法脱险的故事，并告诉读者即使身处糟糕的境地，也要常怀感恩之心。‎ ‎1．Why does the awful sound fail to alarm the writer in the beginning?‎ A．It was a scene happening in his dream.‎ B．He was too exhausted to give any response.‎ C．He knew exactly what it was by experience.‎ D．His knowledge of the surroundings misguided him.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是“It didn't alarm me, and that's how I knew I was asleep, because there was no ice where we were.”可知，那个像(撞到)冰块(才发出)的声音之所以没有使作者恐慌是因为他知道他们所在之处并无冰块，即作者对周围环境的了解误导了他，故选D。‎ ‎2．What does Paragraph 2 show?‎ A．The change of the sea.‎ B．The danger of the situation.‎ C．The importance of responsibility.‎ D．The extreme weather in Alaska.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“in the open waters ... with a frightening shake”以及“On the cold Alaskan night, if you went into the water ... unconsciousness and death came.”可知，第二段提及的海浪的涌动以及阿拉斯加寒冷的夜晚和会使人很快失去意识甚至死亡的海水暗示了作者的处境很危险。故选B。‎ ‎3．What message is conveyed in the third paragraph?‎ A．Lifeboats are necessities in voyages by sea.‎ B．The body of the ship was damaged severely.‎ C．The major concern for those on board was safety.‎ D．Learning lessons from failures is quite important.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Even when all our priorities (当务之急) shifted to little more than survival, there was much to be thankful for.”可知，对作者他们来说，当务之急是他们的安全(问题)。故选C。‎ ‎4．What does the author advise people to do at last?‎ A．Focus on living in the present.‎ B．Be brave in the face of danger.‎ C．Always be grateful for what they have.‎ D．Never overlook their potential for success.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是最后一段的内容可知，作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历告诉读者即使身处糟糕的境地，也要能发现值得感激的事情，常怀感恩之心甚至可以救命。故选C。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 暴风雪 ‎306‎ ‎8分钟 A large powerful autumn snowstorm slowly moved out of Colorado on Thursday and moved toward Nebraska and Kansas, causing terrible conditions on the eastern plains. Hundreds of flights were cancelled (取消) because of the snowstorm.‎ The snow dropped more than 3 feet in areas of the foothills west of Denver and closed schools and businesses. Roads across the region remained full of snow and icy.‎ ‎“Big storms like these seem to come to America around every 10 to 12 years，” said Kyle Fredin, a National Weather Service meteorologist (气象学家)．‎ The storm also spread a blanket of white from northern Utah's Wasatch Front to western Nebraska's northern border with South Dakota. Denverbased Frontier Airlines said it cancelled 19 flights in and out of Denver, and some flights were delayed by up to four hours at Denver International ‎ Airport. United Airlines, a carrier at the Denver airport with about 400 flights per day, cancelled about half of its flights. The area around the airport received between 11 and 16 inches of snow, the weather service said. Airport spokesman Chuck Cannon said crews were using 174 pieces of snowremoval equipment to keep runways and taxiways clear as they dealt with severe (猛烈的) wind gusts.‎ ‎“Our biggest problem area now is the eastern plains of Colorado，” said CDOT spokesman Bob Wilson. “One of the biggest conditions we are dealing with is the wind because it makes us unable to see.” He said snowplows (扫雪机) had been removing snow. “But the wind is blowing so badly that it will basically just blow more snow onto the roadway，” he added.‎ Wilson said no serious accidents had been reported, likely because shuttered businesses meant fewer cars on the road.‎ Whiteout (暴风雪) conditions were forecast on Thursday for the plains of Wyoming and western Nebraska, where 12 inches of snow were reported in Rushville and 11 inches nearby Clinton. Threefoot drifts were reported elsewhere in western Nebraska.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述美国遭遇了罕见的暴风雪的侵袭，严重影响了交通和人们的生活。‎ ‎5．We learn from Paragraph 1 that the autumn snowstorm ________.‎ A．is still happening in Colorado now B．is leaving Nebraska and Kansas now C．hasn't caused much damage to Colorado D．has caused terrible conditions on the eastern plains 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A large powerful autumn snowstorm slowly moved out of Colorado on Thursday and moved toward Nebraska and Kansas, causing terrible conditions on the eastern plains.”可知答案为D项。‎ ‎6．What is implied in the passage?‎ A．Denver has never experienced such a big snowstorm before.‎ B．Wasatch Front and Nebraska have been affected by this snowstorm the most.‎ C．Many students are unable to leave their schools because of the snowstorm.‎ D．It's not the first time that America has experienced such a big snowstorm.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Big storms like these seem to come to America around every 10 to 12 years ...”可推断，美国不是第一次遭遇这么大的暴风雪。‎ ‎7．What do we learn from Paragraph 4?‎ A．No planes can land at Denver International Airportnow.‎ B．The area around the airport has the thickest snow in Denver.‎ C．Airlines in Denver are greatly affected by this snowstorm.‎ D．Crews have no idea how to deal with the snow around the airport.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。通读第四段可知，Denver的很多航线都受到了严重的影响。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “shuttered” in the last but one paragraph mean?‎ A．Developed.　　　　　　　 B．Closed.‎ C．Balanced. D．Protected.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据遭遇暴风雪的语境可知，很多商场都关门歇业了，出去购物的人少了，街上的车也相对减少了。shutter作动词时，意为“以百叶窗遮蔽”，本文中shuttered business意为“关门停业的商场和店铺”。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 After I dropped my daughter at Youth Move, I picked up lunch at the nearby naturalfood store. On my way inside, I __41__ a nice elderly couple who seemed to be __42__ on their luck. Intuition (直觉 ) told me to get them some McKenzie Mist water, and I __43__ it.‎ By that time, her husband had stepped away. __44__， I brought the water bottles to the woman, who I __45__ was named Deborah. She looked up at me with a __46__. She was very __47__ for the water and remembered having McKenzie Mist water in the home they used to have. That is all I knew about their __48__ the first time I passed by. As I left, I hugged her and said, “May your blessings keep going better.” She showed a__49__ smile and I continued to walk to the library, a few steps away.‎ After I left the library, I __50__ Deborah another hug, and she beamed (笑容满面 ) back at me again. After the hug, I thanked her for her __51__ in cleaning up cigarette butts __52__ on the sidewalk. She seemed happy, __53__ her hard circumstances. I could __54__ she had gratitude and faith. She __55__ ideas for the city to fix up that particular vacant lot, and expressed some great ideas of her own, although my memory was __56__ me at the moment. They were __57__ ideas, though!‎ I walked to my vehicle, feeling thankful for how her uplifting spirit had __58__ my day. I am in __59__ of the wonderful day it has been. There have been some moments of __60__， yes, but I continue to focus on the positive and gratitude.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位老妇人处境艰难，但她却清理着人行道上的烟头，为创造一片更美好的环境建言献策。作者被她的行为感动了，这一天也因此过得很愉快。‎ ‎41．A.noticed　　　　　　　 B．praised C．contacted D．recognized 解析：选A　根据上文中的“I picked up lunch at the nearby naturalfood store.On my way inside”可知，作者去食品店吃饭的时候，注意到一对和蔼的老夫妇。notice“注意到，理会，察觉”；contact“联系”；recognize“认识，认出”。‎ ‎42．A.above B．down C．through D．under 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Intuition (直觉) told me to get them some ‎ McKenzie Mist water”“in the home they used to have”和“her hard circumstances”可知，这对老夫妇比较贫穷。be down on one's luck是固定短语，意为“因一时不走运而没有钱，穷困潦倒”。‎ ‎43．A.doubted B．ignored C．resisted D．followed 解析：选D　根据上文中的“Intuition (直觉) told me to get them some McKenzie Mist water”及下文作者把水送给老妇人的内容可知，此处指作者听从了自己的直觉。doubt“怀疑”；ignore“忽视”；resist“反抗”；follow“遵循，听从”。‎ ‎44．A.Anyway B．However C．Therefore D．Meanwhile 解析：选C　根据上文中的“her husband had stepped away”可知，此处表示“因此(Therefore)，‘我’把水给了那位老妇人”。anyway“反正，尽管”；however“但是”；meanwhile“与此同时”。‎ ‎45．A.acknowledged B．realized C．learned D．remembered 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处指作者得知(learned)她的名字叫Deborah。acknowledge“承认”；realize“意识到”；remember“记得”。 ‎ ‎46．A.sigh B．smile C．relief D．confusion 解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者把水给了那位老妇人，她面带微笑 (smile)地抬起头看了看作者，且下文中的“She showed a __9__ smile”也是信息提示。 sigh“叹气，叹息”； relief“宽慰，轻松”；confusion“不确定，困惑”。‎ ‎47．A.anxious B．suitable C．ready D．grateful 解析：选D　她非常感激作者给她送水，并回忆起在他们过去拥有的那个家里也喝过这种水。be grateful for是固定搭配，意为“感激……，感谢……”。anxious“渴望的，急切的”；suitable“适合的，合适的”；ready“准备好的，乐意的”。‎ ‎48．A.story B．identity C．suffering D．expectation 解析：选A　这是作者第一次经过时了解到的关于他们的全部故事(story)。identity“身份”；suffering“痛苦，苦难”；expectation“期待”。‎ ‎49．A.bare B．pale C．wide D．narrow 解析：选C　她露出了一个大大的微笑，作者继续去了几步之外的图书馆。bare“裸露的，仅有的”；pale“苍白的”；wide“广阔的，宽的”；narrow“狭窄的”。‎ ‎50．A.charged B．guaranteed C．offered D．promised 解析：选C　作者离开图书馆后，再次主动拥抱了她。offer“提供，给予”，符合语境。charge“要价，收费”；guarantee“保证，担保”；promise“承诺”。‎ ‎51．A.kindness B．friendliness C．carefulness D．eagerness 解析：选A　作者因她清理在人行道上的烟头所表现出来的善心(kindness)而向其表示感谢。 eagerness“渴望”。‎ ‎52．A.lying B．accumulating C．throwing D．deserting 解析：选A　参见上题解析。lie“平放”符合语境。accumulate“聚集”； throw “投，抛”；desert“抛弃，离开”。‎ ‎53．A.in terms of B．in view of C．in case of D．in spite of 解析：选D　尽管她处境艰难，她好像很开心。 in spite of“不管，尽管”，符合语境。in terms of ...“就……而言”；in view of“考虑到，鉴于”；in case of“如果，假使”。‎ ‎54．A.tell B．admit C．predict D．imagine 解析：选A　作者可以看出她内心的感激和信念。 tell“看出，判断”；admit“承认”；predict“预言，预告”；imagine“想象”。‎ ‎55．A.held back B．put down C．commented on D．turned down 解析：选C　根据下文中的“expressed some great ideas”可知，此处表示她就城市安置这个特别的空地发表意见。comment on“发表意见，作出评论”，符合语境。hold back“阻止，抑制”；put down“记下”；turn down“拒绝”。‎ ‎56．A.interrupting B．escaping C．impressing D．misguiding 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示尽管当时作者心不在焉。escape“逃离，避开”，符合语境。interrupt“打扰，打断”；impress“使留下深刻印象”；misguide“误导”。‎ ‎57．A.ridiculous B．impractical C．common D．acceptable 解析：选D　根据上文中的“great ideas”可知，作者觉得她的观点是可接受的。acceptable意为“令人满意的，可接受的”。ridiculous“荒谬的”；impractical“不切实际的”；common“普遍的，常见的”。‎ ‎58．A.brightened B．controlled C．witnessed D．lengthened 解析：选A　她的令人振奋的情绪感染了作者，让作者的一天过得很愉快。brighten“使快活起来，使更开心”，符合语境。control“控制”；witness“见证，目击”；lengthen“使变长”。‎ ‎59．A.celebration B．appreciation C．honor D．support 解析：选B　根据上文中的“feeling thankful”可知，此处指作者很感激这美好的一天。in celebration of“庆祝”；in appreciation of“感激，感谢”；in honor of ...“为了表示对……的崇敬”；in support of“支持，赞同”。‎ ‎60．A.uniqueness B．madness C．concern D．fantasy 解析：选C　根据下文中的“but I continue to focus on the positive and gratitude”可知，空格处应与“the positive”和“gratitude”‎ 相对应，指生活中的一些忧虑的时刻。concern“担心，忧虑”，符合语境。uniqueness“独特性”；madness“疯狂，狂热”；fantasy“幻想，想象”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·石家庄市复习教学质量检测)Once upon a time there was a great man. He had a bright and __1__ (cheer) little girl and the man loved her very much. When __2__ little girl was growing up, the man would hug her and tell her, “I love you, little girl.” The little girl would shout and say, “I'm not a little girl anymore.” Then the man would laugh and say, “__3__ to me, you'll always be my little girl.” The little girl, __4__ was not little anymore, left home and went into the world. __5__ she went, the man would call her and say, “I love you, little girl.”‎ One day the girl received a phone call, __6__ (say) the man was ill. He couldn't talk anymore and they weren't sure whether he could understand the words __7__ (speak) to him. The little girl sat next __8__ the great man. Tears ran from both of their eyes. Her head on his chest, she remembered the wonderful times together and the __9__ (protect) from him. And then she heard from within the man, the beat of his heart. His heart __10__ (beat) out the words that his mouth could no longer say — I love you, little girl.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了父亲和女儿之间简单而真挚的感情。‎ ‎1．cheerful　根据“and”可知，它前后两词词性要一致；由“bright”可知，此处用形容词cheerful。‎ ‎2．the　此处用定冠词the特指上文提到的小女孩。‎ ‎3．But　由语境可知，小女孩不愿意父亲说自己还小，但在父亲的眼里，她永远都是小孩。上下文构成转折关系，因此用But。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎4．who　根据先行词“The little girl”可知，此处用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎5．Wherever　根据“went”‎ 可知，无论她走到哪里，爸爸总是给她打电话说爱她。此处用Wherever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论在哪”。‎ ‎6．saying　根据语境可知，有人打电话告知女孩，父亲病了。此处用saying作伴随状语。‎ ‎7．spoken　根据语境可知，他们不确定他能不能明白大家对他说的话。words与speak之间构成被动关系，因此用spoken作后置定语。‎ ‎8．to　句意：小女孩紧挨着父亲坐着。next to“紧挨着”，符合语境。‎ ‎9．protection　根据“the”可知，此处用名词protection。‎ ‎10．beat　全文用一般过去时，因此此处用beat。‎ ‎　‎ ‎“自然与环境”是当今全世界关注的话题，也是高考关注的热点，尤其是“动植物保护”更是命题的热点，主要命题形式为说明文类的阅读理解，及贴近学生生活的环保类书面表达。‎ 一、话题与阅读 ‎[考题示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解C)[1]After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ ‎[2]Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ ‎[3]The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote ‎ populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.‎ ‎[4]As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ ‎[5]The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎1．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Tested.　　　　　　　 B．Separated.‎ C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.‎ ‎3．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?‎ A．Damage to local ecology.‎ B．A decline in the park's income.‎ C．Preservation of vegetation.‎ D．An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎4．What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)读文快一点 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 重新引入灰狼 本文采取“总—分”模式，先介绍灰狼的引入，然后采用倒叙的方法按事件的发展顺序展开，分别具体介绍灰狼消失的原因，当时的状况，造成的后果，呼吁引入，形势好转依次展开。‎ 第2段 第2段画波浪线部分 灰狼消失的原因 第3段 第3段画波浪线部分 灰狼消失的后果 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 生物学家提议引入灰狼 第5段 第5段画波浪线部分 灰狼重新引入的效果 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　这些动物吃掉了大量的植被，减少了公园里植被的多样性。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　很多农民反对这项计划，因为他们害怕灰狼会杀死他们农场的动物或宠物。‎ ‎(二)做题准一点 ‎1．主旨大意题。选D　纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。‎ ‎2．词义猜测题。选C　由第二段第一句话可知，曾经在黄石公园里到处都能看见灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选C。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。选A　‎ ‎ 第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类；同时丛林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐狸被猎杀，而河狸也被赶出了公园，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境造成了破坏。故选A。‎ ‎4．观点态度题。选B　根据最后一段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。‎ ‎[题后悟通]‎ 利用文中“关键段”进行推理判断 推理判断题的选项有时集中于文章某一段，这时要仔细阅读该段所包含的有效信息，合理进行推理判断。‎ 以上文第3题为例，本题的信息区间在第三段，根据第三段第三句“These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park.”植被数量减少，多样性下降推出C、D两项错误，B项文中没有提及，故推测出答案为A。‎ ‎(三)积累多一点 ‎1．heated adj.　　　　　　　热烈的 ‎2．reintroduce vt. 重新引入 ‎3．displace vt. 取代；替代；迫使离开家园 ‎4．consume v. 消耗；耗费；吃 ‎5．unexpected adj. 意料不到的 ‎6．large amounts of 大量地 ‎7．in the absence of 在……缺席期间 ‎8．be fitting in 适应二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例] (2013·重庆卷)调查显示，中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目前总数不足1 000只。假设你是李华，现请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基金组织)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。内容应包括：‎ ‎·说明写信目的 ‎·简述江豚现状 ‎·希望WWF如何帮助(比如：资助江豚保护项目等)‎ ‎·表示感谢并期待回复 注意：(1)词数不少于80；‎ ‎(2)书信格式及开头均已给出(不计入总词数)。‎ Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I'm a student from Chongqing, China. 　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．注意；关注　　　　　pay_attention_to ‎2．降至；跌至 fall/drop_to ‎3．保护 protect ‎4．采取一些措施 take_some_measures ‎5．执行 carry_out ‎6．有效的 effective ‎7．呼吁 appeal_to ‎8．在某人的帮助下 with_one's_help/with_the_help_of 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我写信请求您关注长江江豚的状况。‎ I_am_writing_to_ask_you_to_pay_attention_to_the_situation_of Yangtze Finless Porpoises. ‎ ‎2．数量已经降至不足1 000只。‎ The numbers have_fallen_to_no_more_than_1,000.‎ ‎3．如果形势依旧如此，在10年内，长江江豚将永远灭绝。‎ If the_situation_remains_the_same,_within 10 years, Yangtze Finless Porpoises will_become_extinct_forever.‎ ‎4．您可以资助江豚保护项目，用那种方法我们能够建立江豚自然保护站。‎ You can finance Finless Porpoises projects, and in_that_way_we_can_establish the Finless Porpoise conservation station.‎ ‎5．向媒体呼吁是另外一种有效的方法。‎ To appeal to the news media is_another_effective_way.‎ ‎6．应该尽快减少污水排放。‎ Sewage emissions should_be_reduced_as_soon_as_possible. ‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用“介词＋关系代词”改写句4‎ You_can_finance_Finless_Porpoises_projects,_in_which_way_we_can_establish_the_Finless_Porpoise_conservation_station.‎ ‎2．用it作形式主语改写句5‎ It_is_another_effective_way_to_appeal_to_the_news_media.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 Dear Sir or Madam，‎ I'm a student from Chongqing, China. I_am_writing_to_ask_you_to_pay_attention _to_the_situation_of_Yangtze_Finless_Porpoises._They_are_under_threats_of_humans_and_as_a_result,_the_numbers_have_fallen_to_no_more_than_1,000.If_the_situation_remains_the_same,_within_10_years,_Yangtze_Finless_Porpoises_will_become_extinct_forever.‎ In_order_to_protect_Finless_Porpoises,_we_sincerely_hope_you_can_help_take_some_measures._You_can_finance_Finless_Porpoises_projects,_in_which_way_we_can_establish_the_Finless_Porpoise_conservation_station_and_volunteer_stations_as_soon_as_possible_to_carry_out_annual_routine_observation_and_investigation._What's__more,_it_is_another_effective_way_to_appeal_to_the_news_media_along_the_middlelower_reaches_of_the_Yangtze_River_for_a_joint_interview_to_publicize_the_importance_of_porpoise_conservation._Besides,_sewage_emissions_should_be_reduced_as_soon_as_possible._We_hope_that_with_your_help,_all_people_throw_themselves_into_loving_care_for_the_fate_of_Yangtze_‎ Finless_Porpoises._‎ I_am_looking_forward_to_your_early_reply._‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Looking for a perfect destination for your upcoming trip? Whether you are looking for a relaxing walking experience or an indepth city discovery, Austria could be a good choice.‎ Climate Austria is located in a temperate climatic zone with a Central European climate influenced by the Atlantic climate. The four seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter) each have typical temperature and climatic characters. Due to the position's diversity and the relatively large westeast expanse, there are two quite different climatic regions：‎ East In the Pannonian Plain and along the Danube valley, the climate shows continental features — low rainfall, hot summers but only moderately (适中) cold winters.‎ Alpine Region (高山区)‎ Alpine climate — high rainfall (except inner Alpine valley regions such as the upper Inntal), short summers, long winters.‎ Temperatures Summer — up to 95 degrees Fahrenheit/average: 68 degrees Fahrenheit Winter — up to 14 degrees Fahrenheit/average: 32 degrees Fahrenheit Reminders of the country Transient climate influenced by the Atlantic (in the West) and a continental influence in the Southeast. Before starting your walk or hike ‎ in the mountains please inform yourself about the present weather conditions, danger of avalanches (雪崩) or route conditions. Warnings of locals should not be ignored.‎ Travel times The best time for hiking and walking tours or to visit a city is from April to October. The peak season for summer vacation is July and August. The best time to enjoy your winter vacation is from December to March.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了奥地利的气候、温度、最佳旅游时间等。‎ ‎1．Which is the characteristic of the eastern region of Austria?‎ A．It has long and cold winters.‎ B．It rarely rains all year round.‎ C．Its weather is quite changeable.‎ D．Its winter temperature can reach 14°F.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Climate部分的内容，尤其是“low rainfall”可知，奥地利东部地区的降雨量较少；由此可知，奥地利东部地区一年到头都很少下雨。故选B。‎ ‎2．What does the author advise people to do before they hike in the mountains?‎ A．Talk with the locals.‎ B．Plan the route in detail.‎ C．Get suitable hiking equipment.‎ D．Confirm realtime information needed.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“Reminders of the country”部分中的“Before starting your walk ... or route conditions.”可知，在开始徒步旅行和远足之前，要知道天气情况，雪崩的危险和路况；也就是说，在徒步旅行之前，要确认需要的实时信息。故选D。‎ ‎3．When is the best time to visit an Austrian city?‎ A．January.　　　　　　 B．March.‎ C．August. D．December.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据“Travel times”部分中的“The best time for hiking and walking tours or to visit a city is from April to October.”可知，参观奥地利城市的最佳时间是4月至10月；再结合四个选项可知答案为C。‎ B Madagascar, an island nation off the southeastern coast of Africa, is home to some of the most unusual animals in the world. But many of these species may be in danger. Bushes and lowlying plants have started to take up too much space on the forest floor, providing fuel for wildfires. So scientists are considering using giant tortoises to help prevent the forest fires and thereby help the native wildlife in Madagascar.‎ Why? Long ago, giant tortoises lived all over Madagascar. They ate up many plants that grew on the forest floor. They also spread the seeds of native trees — keeping the ecosystem in check. But when humans settled on the island over 2,000 years ago, hunting caused the giant tortoises native to the island to become extinct.‎ Now, scientists plan to ship 300 close relatives of the extinct Madagascaran tortoises to the island. They hope that these tortoises will spread the seeds of native plants and chow_down_on the extra bushes — just like their relatives did long ago.‎ To find the relatives, scientists studied the fossils (化石) of Madagascar's extinct giant tortoises. They discovered that they were actually very similar to another group of giant tortoises that live on the Aldabra Atoll, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean. When the tortoises first arrive in Madagascar, they will live in an area closed off from the rest of the wildlife. There, researchers will watch the tortoises' every move to see how they will react to the native plants. If all goes well, the tortoises will be released (放出) into the wild.‎ Similar practice has been successful in other places. Take the island of Rodrigues, located east of Madagascar, for example. Seven years ago,‎ ‎ tortoises were brought there. Now they are spreading seeds and keeping the bushes from taking over. If the same thing works in Madagascar, the giant tortoises may be used to help out other forests around the world.‎ 语篇解读：非洲岛国马达加斯加为防止森林火灾和保持生态平衡，考虑引进一种巨型龟。‎ ‎4．The underlined phrase “chow down on” is the closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．walk around　　　　　　 B．eat up C．go through D．live with 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中“just like their relatives did long ago”和第二段中的“They ate up many plants that grew on the forest floor.”可推知，“chow down on”在句中意为“吃掉”。‎ ‎5．How will researchers deal with the tortoises to be introduced to Madagascar?‎ A．They will do an experiment with them.‎ B．They will always keep them off the wildlife.‎ C．They will make them adapt to native plants gradually.‎ D．They will compare them with the extinct tortoises in Madagascar.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在引进新的乌龟品种时，科学家们先要将它们关在一个特定的区域，观察它们是否适应当地的植物，如果一切顺利的话，再考虑将它们放到自然界中。也就是说，要先做一个实验，观察它们的反应。‎ ‎6．By mentioning the island of Rodrigues, the author tries to show ________.‎ A．the importance of the forests B．tortoises are widely spread all over the world C．it used to have the same problem as Madagascar D．the giant tortoises can bring hope to Madagascar 解析：选D　写作意图题。结合最后一段信息可推断出，作者介绍在罗得里格斯岛上成功引进乌龟的例子，是想说明乌龟有望改善马达加斯加的环境。‎ ‎7．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Tortoises come to the rescue!‎ B．Madagascar's native tortoises brought to life!‎ C．Troubles caused by too many bushes D．The relationship between tortoises and forests 解析：选A　标题归纳题。第一段最后一句为本文主旨句。全文主要介绍岛国马达加斯加为防止森林火灾和保持生态平衡，考虑引进一种巨型龟。come to the rescue前来营救。‎ C For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petroland dieselpowered vehicles from its roads beginning in 23 years, a government report says.‎ The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous cleanair plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.‎ Britain's government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens' health, and costs up to D|S3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.‎ Part of the new plan involves an offer of D|S260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions (排放物) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.‎ The plan also includes DS| 1.3 billion for government purchase of extremelowemission vehicles, nearly D|S130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and D|S378 million ‎ for remodeling existing vehicles.‎ Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can't carry on with petrol and diesel cars，”Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It's important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”‎ Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters (上下班往返的人) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emissions, he said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。由于环境因素的考虑，英国政府制定逐步禁止以汽油和柴油为动力的车辆上路的新计划。‎ ‎8．Why does the British government decide on this ban?‎ A．To focus on its citizens' health.‎ B．To follow in France's footsteps.‎ C．To respond to the court's request.‎ D．To promote solar energy in transport.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容以及第二段中的“It follows ... was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air.”可知，英国政府之所以下达这样的禁令是因为这是英国最高法院的要求，也就是对法院要求的回应。故选C。‎ ‎9．Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?‎ A．Limiting the number of traffic lights.‎ B．Changing the way roads are arranged.‎ C．Removing old and highemission vehicles.‎ D．Investing in companies with electric vehicles.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，英国政府可能采取的措施包括改变道路布局、重新对交通信号灯进行程序编写以及对最旧和污染最严重的车辆收费。故选B。‎ ‎10．What can be inferred from Gove's words?‎ A．United efforts are needed to fulfill the plan.‎ B．Convenient public transportation is badly needed.‎ C．Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.‎ D．Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容尤其是“local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions” “Local leaders are called on to draw up ‘appropriate plans’ to deal with climate challenges related to emissions”，再结合上文中提到的政府所做的努力可知，要实现禁止以汽油和柴油为动力的车辆上路这个计划，需要多方的共同努力。故选A。‎ ‎11．What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions B．The EU forces Britain to improve the poor air quality C．Britain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads D．Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change 解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述的是英国政府计划逐步禁止以汽油和柴油为动力的车辆上路。故选C。‎ D The tourists come in groups, aboard buses, bicycles and camping vehicles. They stand at the water's edge in awe (赞叹) of the icebergs floating before them — some as white as snow, others radiating a deep blue. They take a quick deep breath when a piece breaks off and falls into the cold water.‎ Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon (环礁湖) in southeast Iceland is one of the country's top attractions. It is also a vivid warning of the glacier's predicted disappearance, a damaging consequence of climate change in a nation where these slowmoving rivers of ice are a cultural and social ‎ symbol. It looks centuries old, but the lagoon only appeared in the mid1930s when the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier started to retreat (范围缩小). Declared a nature reserve in July, it is now the country's deepest lake and growing bigger every day.‎ Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Iceland and the source of Breiðamerkurjökull, is thinning rapidly due to rising global temperatures and could be completely gone in 200 years, scientists say. Other glaciers may vanish much earlier. “All glaciers in Iceland are retreating at an unbelievable pace，” said Oddur Sigurdsson, a geologist at the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) who has studied them for 30 years.‎ Their going away leads to great changes in Iceland's weather patterns, water flows, animals and plants, volcanic activity and land, according to the IMO. Iceland is becoming greener and some of its land is rising as climate change gathers pace, bringing economic and other consequences.‎ ‎“Just seeing them disappearing is very heartbreaking，” said Agnes Gunnarsdottir, CEO of Perlan Museum. It is holding an exhibition on glaciers to educate people on the effect of climate change on the environment. She remembers visiting her grandparents' home in the countryside when Vatnajökull was much larger.“We are seeing this in our lifetime. It's changing so quickly — it's very frightening. I fear the glacier will disappear completely in the near future，” she said. ‎ 语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，讲述的是与冰岛的冰川融化相关的内容。‎ ‎12．What does the author say about the Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon?‎ A．It is the cultural symbol of Iceland.‎ B．It has a history of several hundreds years.‎ C．Its expansion results from icebergs' shrinking.‎ D．It is the most popular tourist attraction of Iceland.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It looks centuries old ... growing bigger every day.”可知，Jökulsárlón冰川环礁湖的扩大是冰山融化即减少的结果。故选C。‎ ‎13．What does the underlined word “vanish” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Disappear. B．Swing.‎ C．Expand. D．Break.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，科学家说由于全球气温的上升，Vatnajökull变薄的速度很快，它可能200年后会完全消失。据此可知，画线词所在句的意思应是“其他冰川可能消失得早得多”。画线词与上文中的“gone”意思相近，意为“消失”。故选A。‎ ‎14．What's the last but one paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Reasons for glaciers' melting.‎ B．Possible effects of glaciers' melting.‎ C．The importance of glaciers to Iceland.‎ D．The formation and movement of glaciers.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。根据倒数第二段的内容，尤其是“Their going away leads to great changes in ... and land”“bringing economic and other consequences”可知，本段主要讲的是冰川融化可能会带来的影响。故选B。‎ ‎15．What is Agnes Gunnarsdottir's attitude toward the change of Iceland glaciers?‎ A．Ambiguous. B．Disapproving.‎ C．Concerned. D．Cautious.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是“We are seeing this in our lifetime. It's changing so quickly — it's very frightening. I fear the glacier will disappear completely in the near future”可知，Agnes Gunnarsdottir担心冰岛的冰川在不远的将来会全部消失。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 It was a hot, sunny day in a national forest. Unfortunately, my best friend, Ned, and I got __41__. Once we realized that we were separated from our group, we __42__ tried to find a safe place to set up our base. We found a small area next to a __43__. Then we started a fire with some leaves and sticks __44__ nearby.‎ While I was __45__ the fire, Ned brought more __46__， which were put ‎ in the water and then slowly thrown into the fire. The __47__ leaves created a lot of smoke. Then we started to write some __48__ notes saying, “WE ARE LOST! If you find this __49__， you will find us upstream. We are keeping up a(n) __50__ fire. Please find us！” They were made into paper __51__ and sent downstream, one every five minutes. We __52__ that these boats would draw somebody's attention.‎ ‎__53__ our group was well on their way, we wanted to be ready for them. Ned and I started to __54__ two hollow logs (空心圆木) and some strong sticks. Our small fire __55__ produced plenty of smoke. Soon we were very __56__ to hear whistles (口哨) far in the distance. It must have been the smoke that worked. Now it was time to start __57__ on the hollow logs. We enjoyed this part __58__ we got to sing and shout along with the beat (节拍). Soon after, we were __59__ by our group and we headed back to our camp with a(n) __60__ story to tell.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和朋友在森林中同团队走散并最终被找到的经历。‎ ‎41．A.hurt B．drunk C．punished D．lost 解析：选D　由下文的“we were separated from our group”可知，“我”和Ned“走失(lost)”了。‎ ‎42．A.immediately B．possibly C．suddenly D．recently 解析：选A　我们试图“马上(immediately)”找一个安全的落脚点。‎ ‎43．A.car B．room C．stream D．factory 解析：选C　下文的“downstream”是提示。‎ ‎44．A.missed B．collected C．bought D．borrowed 解析：选B　由该空前的“we started a fire with some leaves and sticks”可知，我们用“收集(collected)”来的树叶和木棍生起了火。‎ ‎45．A.making B．catching C．putting out D．watching over 解析：选D　由下文的“We are keeping up a(n) __10__ fire. Please find us！”可知，作者和朋友生火是为了引起其他人的注意，以便他们能被找到，所以这里是说：“我”“看护(watching over)”着火，以防熄灭。‎ ‎46．A.plants B．books C．clothes D．people 解析：选A　由下文的“The __7__ leaves created a lot of smoke.”可知，Ned找来了更多“植物(plants)”。‎ ‎47. A．new B．wet C．huge D．yellow 解析：选B　由上文的“which were put in the water”可知，这些叶子都是“湿的(wet)”。‎ ‎48．A.lovely B．sick C．short D．funny 解析：选C　由该空后的“WE ARE LOST! ... Please find us！”可知，我们写了一些“简短的(short)”便条。‎ ‎49．A.news B．advice C．message D．answer 解析：选C　如果你们看到了这条“信息(message)”的话，就会在上游找到我们。‎ ‎50．A.forest B．house C．warm D．smoky 解析：选D　由下文的“Our small fire __15__ produced plenty of smoke.”可知，我们会让火一直“冒着烟(smoky)”。‎ ‎51．A.dolls B．boats C．planes D．animals 解析：选B　下文的boats是提示。‎ ‎52．A.hoped B．agreed C．noticed D．worried 解析：选A　上文说到我们和团队走散了，所以我们“希望(hoped)”这些纸船能引起某人的注意。‎ ‎53．A.Explaining B．Forgetting C．Supposing D．Remembering 解析：选C　我们“猜想(Supposing)”我们的团队还正在路上，所以想为接下来可能发生的事情做准备。‎ ‎54．A.burn B．roll C．shout at D．look for 解析：选D　Ned和“我”开始“寻找(look for)”两根空心圆木和一些结实的木棍。‎ ‎55．A.still B．also C．even D．never 解析：选A　由下文的“It must have been the smoke that worked.”可知，我们生的火“仍然(still)”冒着烟。 ‎ ‎56．A.afraid B．lucky C．polite D．nervous 解析：选B　由该空后的“hear whistles (口哨) far in the distance”可知，我们非常“幸运(lucky)”听到了远处传来的口哨声。‎ ‎57．A.jumping B．cooking C．drumming D．painting 解析：选C　由该空后的“we got to sing and shout along with the beat (节拍)”可知，我们开始在空心圆木上“不停敲打(drumming)”。‎ ‎58．A.until B．because C．unless D．although 解析：选B　该空前后为因果关系，故填because。‎ ‎59．A.saved B．praised C．invited D．discovered 解析：选D　由该空后的“we headed back to our camp”可知，我们的团队终于“发现(discovered)”了我们。‎ ‎60．A.exciting B．strange C．moving D．terrible 解析：选A　由上文内容可知，Ned和“我”走失后，为了找到团队，我们生火造烟、写便条折纸船、用空心圆木当鼓敲，最后终于成功了，所以这是一个“令人兴奋的(exciting)”故事。‎