【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题冠词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题冠词学案

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题冠词学案 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎[思维导图]‎ Ⅰ.冠词的基本用法 一、不定冠词 ‎1．表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。‎ A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.‎ 病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。‎ ‎2．表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain。‎ Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.‎ 专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。‎ ‎3．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。‎ Suddenly they heard a loud voice.‎ 他们突然听到砰的一声噪音。‎ ‎4．表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。‎ Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton.‎ 印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。‎ ‎5．表示“同一，相同”，相当于the same。‎ They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.‎ 他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。‎ ‎6．用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。这样的物质名词有：rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词有：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。‎ He suddenly appeared on a rainy night，which was a great surprise to us.‎ 他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非常吃惊。‎ After preparing all the equipment for an outdoor shoot，suddenly a heavy rain came.‎ 为户外拍摄做好一切准备后，突然下起了大雨。‎ ‎7．不定冠词用于序数词前，强调“再一，又一”。‎ Live a good，honorable life.Then when you get older and think back，you’ll get to enjoy it a second time.‎ 过一种优质而高尚的生活。那样，当你逐渐老去，回首往事时，你会再次享受到生活的乐趣。‎ 二、定冠词 ‎1．表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。‎ Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.‎ 不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。‎ ‎2．用在世界上独一无二的名词前。‎ The earth goes around the sun.‎ 地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎3．用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。‎ Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?‎ 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？‎ China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.‎ 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。‎ ‎4．用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。‎ The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. ‎ 爆炸发生后，人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。‎ The Greens are on holiday now.‎ 格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。‎ ‎5．用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。‎ It’s said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.‎ 据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。‎ ‎6．用在表示单位的名词前。‎ I hired the car by the hour.‎ 我按小时租车。‎ ‎7．用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示“打、抓住某人身体的某个部位”。‎ The police caught the thief by the arm.‎ 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。‎ 三、零冠词 ‎1．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。‎ He is living in Canada now.‎ 他现在住在加拿大。‎ ‎2.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。‎ We usually have breakfast at 7 o’clock.‎ 我们通常7点吃早饭。‎ ‎3．在学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。‎ I’m interested in English.‎ 我对英语感兴趣。‎ He is fond of playing chess.‎ 他喜欢下棋。‎ ‎4．表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。‎ Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.”‎ 这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭思博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”‎ ‎5．系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。‎ His brother has turned writer.‎ 他弟弟已成为一名作家。‎ ‎6．“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”意为“尽管……但是……”。‎ Hero as/though he is，he has some shortcomings.‎ 尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。‎ Ⅱ.冠词的固定搭配 一、不定冠词用于固定搭配中 as a result 　因此 as a whole 总体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a word 总之 in a way 在某种程度上 keep an eye on 照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访 put an end to 结束 once upon a time 从前 be on a diet 节食 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋 have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生 ‎ have/take a rest 休息 give sb a lift 让某人搭便车 as a rule 通常 as a matter of fact 事实上 in a hurry 匆忙 in a sense 在某种意义上 in a short while 不久 once in a while 偶尔 all of a sudden 突然 二、定冠词用于固定搭配中 in the middle of 在……中间 by the way 顺便说一下 in the way 挡道 at the same time 同时 to tell the truth 说实话 on the spot 在现场 the other day 前几天 at the moment 此刻，目前 in the end 最后 in the distance 在远处 on the whole 总的来说 on the other hand 另一方面 for the time being 暂时 not in the least 一点也不 take the place of 代替 to the point 中肯，切题 make the most/best of 充分利用 三、零冠词用于固定搭配中 at present 目前 in peace 平静 on purpose 故意 ahead of time 提前 by law 根据法律 under repair 处于维修中 day and night 整日整夜 out of control 失控 in danger 处于危险之中 take part in 参加 by chance/accident 碰巧 on second thoughts 再一想 in advance 提前 by mistake 由于差错 lose heart 灰心 from morning till night 从早到晚 out of work 失业 at risk 有危险 冠词解题两注意 一、注意泛指还是特指 如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。‎ ‎(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”一般填the。‎ ‎(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。‎ The story happened in a small town in Victoria.‎ 故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。‎ Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door？你认识那个站在门口的人吗？‎ 二、注意不定冠词a/an的区别 看到辅音音素开头的名词要想到应为不定冠词a; 看到元音音素开头的名词要想到应为不定冠词an。‎ I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.‎ 我一天要看十六七个小时的电视。‎ He’s such an outstanding player that teenagers regard as him a hero.‎ 他是如此优秀的运动员，青少年视他为英雄。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　the　[the past 25 years 意为“过去的25年”，此处特指过去的25年。]‎ ‎2．I’m face－to－face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　the　[at the top of one’s lungs尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地。]‎ ‎3．Instead，she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　a　[此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。]‎ ‎4．For Pahlsson，its return was ________ wonder.(2017·浙江高考)‎ 答案　a　[wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎5．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，________other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　the　[此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。]‎ ‎6．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　a　[for a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．According to the New Zealand Transport Agency，65% of New Zealanders own a cell phone，and 57% of those people use their cell phone while driving.(2019·台州模拟)‎ ‎2．Smoking is one of the biggest causes of preventable deaths in England.‎ ‎(2019·湖州模拟)‎ ‎3．Each year，thousands of people came to Shaanxi，China to visit the Terracotta Army，which shows the life of Qin Shi Huang, the country’s first Emperor.(2019·丽水模拟)‎ ‎4．It was the evening of a__weekend when they moved to another city.(2019·绍兴模拟)‎ ‎5．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a__bicycle when possible.(2019·金华模拟)‎ ‎6．In the beginning，there was only a__very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always thinking that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.(2019·学军中学模拟)‎ ‎7．After going through some work with a couple of kids I learned I was not as good as I thought I was，and it was better to ask for help than do what you thought was right.(2019·镇海中学模拟)‎ ‎8．I haven’t seen Jane for quite a while since she moved to Paris.(2019·余姚中学模拟)‎ ‎9．I usually go to my workplace coffee shop to place an order but this Wednesday，it was slightly different.(2019·北仑中学模拟)‎ ‎10．At the same time，great progress made in science and technology was really amazing.(2019·宁波效实中学三模)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·余杭高级中学一模)According to a recent survey，violence does exist in schools.Students show their fear; parents and teachers also 1.________ (express) their great concern about it.Experts hope 2.________ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.‎ Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon，which 3.________ (call) for our great concern.We should make every effort 4.________(prevent) school violence happening，for more and more students would drop out if their personal 5.________ (safe) could not be guaranteed.In fact，violence can be learned.6.________ (actual)，children learn violent behavior from adults or from 7.________ they see on television or on the Internet.‎ If I meet with school violence，I will not answer violence with violence，for it will result in a bit 8.________ (much) fighting.I will tell my teachers or parents about it.I think they will help me deal with it well and protect me 9.________bad guys.‎ All in all，we students should behave 10.________ (we) and keep away from violence.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章讲述了校园暴力现象以及对此的态度和解决措施。‎ ‎1．express　[考查动词时态。此处讲述一种事实，与所给时态一致也需用一般现在时，故填express。]‎ ‎2．the　[考查冠词。此处特指整个社会，用定冠词。故填the。]‎ ‎3．calls　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。句中which指代a phenomenon，是单数形式。谓语动词也应用单数，故填calls。]‎ ‎4．to prevent　[考查非谓语动词。此处指我们应该尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生，动词不定式表目的，故填to prevent。]‎ ‎5．safety　[考查词性转换。由空前的their personal修饰可知此处用名词，指他们的个人安全，故填safety。]‎ ‎6．Actually　[考查副词。此处单独作状语，表示“事实上，实际上”，用副词形式。故填Actually。]‎ ‎7．what　[考查名词性从句。此处指他们从电视或网络上看到的东西，做动词see的宾语，故填what。]‎ ‎8．more　[考查比较级。此处由a bit修饰比较级表示程度，指以暴制暴会导致更多的打斗，表示“更多的”有比较的意思。故填more。]‎ ‎9．from　[考查介词。protect sb from doing sth保护某人免受……。]‎ ‎10．ourselves　[考查反身代词。根据主语we可知宾语用反身代词，指我们学生应该使自己的举止规范，故填ourselves。]‎