【英语】2018届语法二轮复习非谓语动词学案（17页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习非谓语动词学案（17页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习 非谓语动词 真题搜索 单句改错 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ) We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ) I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.‎ ‎3．(2015·新课标Ⅱ) After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.‎ ‎4．(2015·浙江) I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.‎ ‎5．(2015·浙江) The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.‎ ‎6．(2015·陕西) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!‎ ‎7．(2014·辽宁) It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.‎ ‎8．(2014·陕西) One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.‎ 答案及分析 ‎1．take→taking句意：我们可以选择待在家里或是去旅行。and连接两个并列成分。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作介词between的宾语。‎ ‎2．wear→wearing句意：我通过穿一些奇怪的衣服向他们展示我的独立。by是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。‎ ‎3．looks→looking句意：他观看了一会儿玩具之后，转身发现父母亲不见了。after是介词，后跟v.ing形式。‎ ‎4．sit→sitting句意：我喜欢坐在窗子旁边欣赏窗外的风景。动词enjoy后接v.ing形式。‎ ‎5．felt→feel 句意：教室的位置及其景色使我觉得犹如在梦中。make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”，后面须接不带to的不定式。‎ ‎6．enjoy→enjoying句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享用饼干的照片。分析句子结构可知，enjoy须用非谓语动词形式说明my coach and me的情形。再根据逻辑关系可知，enjoy为my coach and me所发出的动作，用v.ing形式。‎ ‎7．understanding→understand句意：真不明白她为什么在外面就要吠叫。分析句子结构可知，本句中的it是一个形式主语，而to do不定式作真正的主语。‎ ‎8．have→having句意：一天傍晚，我们坐在火边吃烧烤。分析句子结构可知，本句中动词have须用非谓语动词形式；它与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)．..a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67) My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，49) If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely ________ (bring) your work home.‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create) special designs.‎ ‎5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，64) People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，64) For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something ________ (eat)!‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，1) —Are you sure you're ready for the test?‎ ‎—No problem.I'm well ________ (prepare) for it.‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，10) To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.‎ ‎9．(2016·浙江，13) A sudden stop can be a very ________ (frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.‎ ‎10．(2016·浙江，19) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________ (work) with students.‎ ‎11．(2016·北京，26) ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.‎ ‎12．(2016·北京，28) ________ (order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎13．(2016·北京，32) Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，________ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.‎ ‎14．(2016·天津，4) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎15．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，68) Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers ________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ ‎16．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，70) Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎17．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，41) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) ________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎18．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，46) When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________ (cool) the house during the hot day：at the same time，they warm up again for the night.‎ ‎19．(2015·北京，23) The park was full of people，________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.‎ ‎20．(2015·福建，28) ________ (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ ‎21．(2015·福建，33) In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared ‎，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．‎ ‎22．(2015·安徽，27) ________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ ‎23．(2015·陕西，18) Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of at home.‎ ‎24．(2015·陕西，24) At college，Barack Obama didn't know that he ________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America.‎ ‎25．(2015·天津，5) ________ (absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.‎ ‎26．(2015·天津，8) ________ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.‎ ‎27．(2015·北京，21) ________ (catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ ‎28．(2015·重庆，6) ________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.‎ ‎29．(2015·重庆，11) Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ (use) the sun and the stars.‎ ‎30．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，41) One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about ________ (be) late for school.‎ ‎31．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused ________ (stop) until we reached the next stop.‎ ‎32．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，47) Still，the boy kept ________ (ride)．‎ ‎33．(2014·辽宁，64) Keep ________(hold)your position for a while.‎ ‎34．(2014·山东，9) It's standard practice for a company like this one ________ (employ) a security officer.‎ ‎35．(2014·湖南，35) ________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.‎ ‎36．(2014·湖南，23) ________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.‎ ‎37．(2014·江西，26) When it comes to ________ (speak) in public，no one can match him.‎ ‎38．(2014·广西，23) Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.‎ ‎39．(2014·山东，6) There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.‎ ‎40．(2014·湖南，27) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，________ (stare) at the night sky.‎ ‎41．(2014·北京，25) Last night，there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ ‎42．(2014·安徽，32) While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.‎ 答案及分析 ‎1．permitted句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎2．introducing句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。‎ ‎3．to bring句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。‎ ‎4．to create句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎5．using句意：人们或许在大锅中做饭，用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎6．to eat句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎7．prepared 句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的ed形式充当表语。‎ ‎8．conducted句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。‎ ‎9．frightening句意：突然停止会是一次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A sudden stop，所以be动词后面用动词的ing形式作表语。‎ ‎10．working句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。‎ ‎11．To make句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。‎ ‎12．Ordered句意：这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首，不是祈使句，须用非谓语动词；order与books是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。‎ ‎13．turning句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接，此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。‎ ‎14．making句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果，The cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ ‎15．conducted句意：……由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的旅游目的地之一。因为study和conduct之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎16．living句意：……说它经常给居住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。因为people和live之间是主动关系，所以用动词ing形式作定语。‎ ‎17．built句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房…… the adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎18．to cool句意：……墙壁已经释放完它们的热量了，现在在炎热的天气里就足够冷来使房间冷却……be enough to do sth.“足够……来做某事”。‎ ‎19．enjoying句意：公园里挤满了人，他们都在尽情享受阳光。因为people与enjoy之间是主动关系，所以这里使用enjoying形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎20．To learn句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定学习中国民歌作为选修课内容。这里用不定式短语作目的状语，所以填To learn。‎ ‎21．combining句意：最近几年，一个英语单词 “infosphere”出现了，它结合了information和atmosphere两个单词的意思。combine和主语是主动关系，所以用动词的ing形式作状语。‎ ‎22．Ignoring句意：无视两个研究结果的区别将会成为你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个动名词作主语。‎ ‎23．taken句意：从在非洲为期两年的医疗服务回来后，李医生非常开心地看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好。see sb.done“看到某人被……”。‎ ‎24．was to become句意：在大学的时候，巴拉克·奥巴马并不知道他会成为美国第一位黑人总统。be to do“一定或注定会做某事”，表示将来时态。‎ ‎25．Absorbed句意：专心致志于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临。John与absorb之间是被动关系，be absorbed in 表示“专心于……”。‎ ‎26．Having worked句意：已经工作了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。由for two days可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与句子主语为主动关系，所以用having done形式。‎ ‎27．To catch句意：为了能赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了一辆计程车并且起得很早。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里用不定式作目的状语，所以填To catch。‎ ‎28．Raised句意：他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方被抚养长大，想成为足球明星还有一段很长、很艰难的路程要走。raise和he之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作原因状语。‎ ‎29．using句意：和古代的水手一样，鸟儿凭借太阳和星星来找到飞行的路线。use和句子的主语birds之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词ing形式作状语。‎ ‎30．being句意：一天早上，我在公交车站等车，担心可能会上学迟到。位于介词后，故用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎31．to stop句意：我听到后面一位乘客对司机大声叫喊，但是司机拒绝停车，直到到达下一站。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎32．riding句意：那个男孩仍然继续骑车。keep doing sth.“持续做某事”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎33．holding句意：这个姿势要保持一会。keep doing sth.“持续做某事”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎34．to employ句意：像这样的公司雇用一名保安是惯常做法。it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语。“It's＋形容词/名词＋(for...)to do...”表示“(对……来说)做……是……”。‎ ‎35．To free句意：想要从身心的双重压力中解放自我，我们每个人都需要深思和内心安宁。不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎36．Understanding句意：明白自己的需求及沟通方式和学会表达爱及情绪同等重要。要填的词作句子的主语，且陈述一个客观事实，表示主动意义，故填动名词的一般式。‎ ‎37．speaking句意：说到在公众面前演讲，没有人能比得上他。when it comes to...表示“谈到/说到……”，后接名词或动名词。此处填动名词的一般式。‎ ‎38．carrying句意：与以前相比，现在有更多的航班可以载更多的乘客。句子主干是there be句式，carry应用非谓语动词形式；airplanes与carry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎39．saying句意：门上钉有一张便条，说商店何时再度开门营业。note与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎40．staring句意：没有比躺在草地中央，凝视着夜晚的天空更令人快乐的事了。根据句意可知，stare的动作与lie同时发生，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎41．watching句意：昨天晚上数百万的人从电视上收看了开幕式的直播。millions of people与watch之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎42．promoted句意：在等待被提升的机会时，亨利尽力做好自己的本职工作。get此处为连系动词，意为“被；受到”，后面接过去分词形式，构成“get＋过去分词”式被动结构。‎ 解题指导 ‎1．对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断是否是非谓语动词，若句中有连词，则需用谓语动词形式，若句中没有连词，则考虑用非谓语动词形式，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。‎ ‎ (2015·新课标Ⅱ，44) In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________ (use) electric equipment.‎ ‎ (2014·新课标Ⅰ，65) It took years of work ________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the river.‎ ‎【解析】using句意：除了它们的简单美之外，这种土坯房值得赞扬的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。介词without后面应该接名词或动名词，故应用using。‎ ‎【解析】to reduce句意：减少工业污染，清理河流花了数年的时间。句子的主语是it，谓语动词是过去式took，所填词应用非谓语动词形式；根据it takes...to do sth.“花费……做某事”判断本空填动词不定式。‎ ‎2．确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；非谓语动词表示的动作如果发生的早，则要考虑完成式等。‎ ‎ (2015·四川) We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.‎ ‎ (2015·北京，31) If ________ (accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.‎ ‎【解析】 sing→singing句意：我们在卡拉OK厅嗨歌花了许多时间。spend...(in) doing sth.“花费金钱或时间做某事”，为固定结构。‎ ‎【解析】accepted句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，‎ 那么你很快就会收到通知。本句的主语you和accept之间是被动关系，所以这里使用过去分词形式，是状语从句If you are accepted for the job的省略。‎ 语法知识搜索 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词根据其表示的动作的发生时间和意义可以有不同的形式。‎ 非谓语动词 形式 不定式 一般式：to do/to be done 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done/to have been done 否定式：not/never to do v.ing形式 一般式：doing/being done 完成式：having done/having been done 否定式：not doing v.ed形式 否定式：not done 非谓语动词的一般式表示与句子谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；非谓语动词的完成式表示在句子谓语动词之前发生的动作。‎ ‎ He is said to be studying abroad now.‎ He is said to have studied abroad for 3 years.‎ ‎ The students went out of the classroom，laughing and talking.‎ Having finished my homework，I went to bed.‎ 二、非谓语动词的句法功能 ‎ 非谓语动词作主语 作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。‎ 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 往往表示一次性的、具体的动作；表目的 常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置 动名词 表示一般或抽象的行为 有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型 ‎ It is a great honor to be invited to speak here.‎ ‎ Playing the piano is my hobby.‎ It is no good telling him the news.‎ it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing...，It is useful doing...，It is a waste of time doing...等句式里。‎ ‎ 非谓语动词作宾语 作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。‎ ‎(1) 只跟不定式作宾语的动词 afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，plan，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would like，set out等。‎ ‎ I can't afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project.‎ He determined to return home early.‎ He gave us some advice on how to remember English idioms.‎ ‎(2) 只跟动名词作宾语的动词 advise，admit，advocate，allow，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，deny，can't help，consider，miss，fancy，finish，forbid，practise，imagine，suggest，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，set about等。‎ ‎ It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident.‎ Do you feel like going out for a walk?‎ ‎(3) 跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词 like，love，prefer，hate，begin，start，intend，continue等，这些动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。‎ ‎ He likes to have a walk after dinner，but he didn't like to because of the cold this evening.‎ ‎ She started playing/to play the violin when she was four.‎ She intended coming/to come back soon.‎ He continued studying/to study as if nothing had happened.‎ ‎(4) 跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词 作“需要”讲时，need，want，require后接v.ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v.ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。‎ ‎ Your Tshirt needs washing/to be washed.‎ My bicycle wants repairing/to be repaired.‎ ‎(5) 跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词 try ‎ We'll try to improve our studying method.‎ I tried writing but didn't succeed.‎ mean ‎ I meant to go，but my teacher would not allow me to.‎ Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.‎ forget/remember ‎ Remember to post this letter for me after school.‎ I forgot telling her the time of the meeting.‎ regret ‎ I regret to inform you that you didn't pass the exam.‎ I don't regret telling her what I thought of her.‎ go on ‎ After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.‎ He shouldn't go on living this way.‎ can't help ‎ Mum，I can't help (to) wash the clothes today，because I have a lot of homework to do.‎ ‎ Upon seeing the old pictures，I can't help thinking of my childhood.‎ ‎(6) 动词不定式在介词but，other than后面时，如果介词前面有行为动词do的某种形式 (does，did，doing，done)，那么介词后的不定式不带to，‎ 否则就要带to。‎ ‎ Tina could do nothing but sell her beautiful long hair to buy her husband a present—a gold watch chain.‎ ‎ Tim had no choice but to sell his gold watch to buy his wife a comb.‎ ‎ 非谓语动词作表语 作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。‎ 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为 动名词 不强调动作，只说明动作的名称，或主语的内容 现在分词 表示主语具有的特征 过去分词 表示主语的感受或所处的状态 ‎ My wish is to be a scientist.‎ The most important thing is to put the theory into practice.‎ ‎ What she likes is watching the children play.‎ ‎ The reason he gave was very convincing.‎ ‎ He is shocked at what happened to his son.‎ ‎ 非谓语动词作补足语 作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。‎ 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性 现在分词 表示一个主动、正在进行的动作 过去分词 表示一个被动或完成的动作 ‎ The mother urged the little boy to go to bed.‎ ‎ I caught him reading my private letters.‎ ‎ He went home happily with his homework finished.‎ 表示“看”(look at，notice，observe，see，watch)，“听”(listen to，hear)，“感觉”(feel)意义的动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to。使役动词make，let在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，在被动语态中要加上to。‎ leave sb.doing让某人一直做 leave sth.undone留下某事未做 leave sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事 leave sth.to be done留下某事要做 have/get sth.done让某事由别人去做 have sb./sth.doing 让/使某人持续做 get sb./sth.doing让/使某人开始做 have sb.do/get sb.to do 使/让某人去做某事 keep sb.doing 使/让某人一直做 keep sth.done 使/让某事被做 ‎ 非谓语动词作定语 作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。‎ 非谓语动词作后置定语的三种被动形式：‎ 名词＋to be done表将来 the meeting to be held tomorrow 名词＋done 表过去和完成 the house built years ago 名词＋being done表进行 the meat being cooked now 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作，若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰 动名词 一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途 现在分词 表示主动、正在进行的意义 过去分词 表示被动、完成的意义 ‎ Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall?‎ He is always the first one to arrive at school every morning.‎ ‎ Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.‎ ‎ There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness.‎ ‎ Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.‎ 作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，‎ 不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：‎ Have you got any clothes to wash?‎ 你有衣服要洗吗？(不定式to wash的动作执行者是“你”)‎ Have you got any clothes to be washed?‎ 你有衣服要(我或别人)洗吗？‎ ‎(不定式to be washed的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)‎ 名词ability，chance，way等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。‎ ‎ I haven't got a chance to go abroad.‎ ‎ 非谓语动词作状语 作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。‎ 非谓语动词 用法 不定式 一般式表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有将来意义 可表示原因、目的、结果等 表示目的可置于句首，表示原因、结果置于句中 表示结果时一般含有出人意料之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系 现在分词 分词表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有进行意义 可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等 表示结果置于句末，其他情况置于句末、句首均可 表示结果时含有“顺其自然而产生”之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系 过去分词 分词表示的动作与句子主语有被动关系，且含有完成意义 可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等，置于句首、句末均可 ‎ To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard.‎ I was surprised to find him here.‎ ‎ Being busy，she didn't reply to her father's letter.‎ Having been told the meeting was cancelled，I went home after work.‎ The plane crashed，killing all the people on board.‎ ‎ Born into a poor family，he had only two years of schooling.‎ Encouraged by his teacher，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.‎ 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking“一般说来”；frankly speaking “坦率地说”；judging from/by“根据……来判断”；to tell you the truth“说实话”；to be frank“说实话”；considering...“考虑到……”；supposing“假设”；given“假设”；provided/providing...“如果……”。‎ only/just to...表示意想不到的结果，too...to...“太……而不能……”，so/such...as to...“如此……以至于……”，enough(for sb.)to...“(对某人来说)足够做某事”等是几种常用不定式表示结果的结构。‎ 三、非谓语动词的独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，即句子主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，此时非谓语动词需带有自己的逻辑主语，即构成“名词/代词＋不定式/现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。‎ 独立主格结构的特点是：独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的不定式、现在分词、过去分词是逻辑的主谓或动宾关系；独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。‎ ‎ 名词/代词＋to do 动作没有发生，表示动作即将发生。‎ ‎ With so much homework to do，Tom looks sad.‎ ‎ 名词/代词＋v.ing形式 两者之间是主动关系，或表示动作正在进行。‎ ‎ The students seating themselves，the professor began his lecture.‎ ‎ 名词/代词＋v.ed形式 两者之间是被动关系，或表示动作已结束。‎ ‎ Her glasses broken，she couldn't see the road clearly.‎