【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(十四)—突破形容词和副词（8页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(十四)—突破形容词和副词（8页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习考点理清(十四)—突破形容词和副词 ‎[锁定高频考点]‎ 一、语法填空中的常考点 ‎1．比较等级 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than nonrunners.‎ ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)That makes her baby scream, and then a 400pound male appears. He screams the loudest (loud) of all.‎ ‎③(2018·浙江高考)There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.‎ ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater (great) and less importance.‎ ‎2．派生出的形容词 ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic (energy)．‎ ‎⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption.‎ ‎⑧(2018·浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.‎ ‎⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be careful (care) not to go to extremes.‎ ‎⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.‎ ‎⑪(2016·四川高考)She was a very caring/careful (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat!‎ ‎⑫(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎3．派生出的副词 ‎⑬(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.‎ ‎⑭(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ ‎⑮(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is certainly (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.‎ ‎⑯(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be officially (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎⑰(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out ‎ that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.‎ 二、短文改错中的常考点 ‎1．比较等级的错用 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.larger→large ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.earlier→early ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.worse→worst ‎2．形容词的错用 ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.difference→different ‎3．副词的错用 ‎⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.here→there ‎⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.‎ Beside→Besides ‎4．形容词与副词之间的错用 ‎⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved.happily→happy ‎⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate, I raised my hand.Immediate→Immediately ‎⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.suddenly→sudden ‎⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.steady→steadily ‎⑪(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.freely→free ‎⑫(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Mom said, “How nice to see youagain! Dad and I were terrible worried.”terrible→terribly ‎⑬(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！‎ wonderfully→wonderful ‎[考情聚焦]‎ 形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的转化等。‎ ‎[强化解题知能]‎ ‎(一)从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”‎ 形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和宾语补足语，常和名词、代词有关联；副词主要修饰动词、‎ 形容词和副词，也可在句首表状态。‎ ‎1．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。‎ ‎2．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后。‎ ‎3．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，其前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。‎ ‎4．副词在句中修饰动词。‎ ‎5．副词在句中修饰形容词或副词。‎ ‎6．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表状态、原因等。‎ ‎(二)从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点 ‎1．动词、名词变形容词的后缀 后缀 例词 ‎able accept→acceptable　　　 可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 fashion→fashionable 时髦的 suit→suitable 合适的 reason→reasonable 有道理的 ‎al music→musical　 　　　 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 person→personal 个人的；私人的 centre→central 中央的；中心的 nature→natural 自然的；天生的 form→formal 正式的 nation→national 全国的 ‎ful doubt→doubtful　 　 　 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 harm→harmful 有害的 hope→hopeful 有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的 care→careful 细心的 use→useful 有用的 help→helpful 有帮助的 ‎ed scare→scared　　　　　 感到恐惧的 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 puzzle→puzzled 迷惑的 worry→worried 担心的 bore→bored 感到厌倦的 excite→excited 激动的；兴奋的 underline→underlined 加下划线的 ‎ing surprise→surprising　　 令人惊讶的 convince→convincing 令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的 worry→worrying 令人担心的 bore→boring 令人厌烦的 ‎ible access→accessible 　 　 容易到达的；容易取得的 horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的 ‎ive act→active　　　　　　 积极的；活跃的 effect→effective 有效的；生效的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 expense→expensive 昂贵的 ‎ous continue→continuous 　 不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的 ‎some tire→tiresome　　　　　 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 ‎y taste→tasty　　　　　　 美味的；可口的 health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的 dirt→dirty 有灰尘的；脏的 rain→rainy 有雨的 sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 cloud→cloudy 阴天的 ‎ern east→eastern　　　 　　 东方的；向东的 west→western 西方的；向西的 ‎ish child→childish　　　　　 孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish 自私的 ‎ic science→scientific　 　 　 科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的 ‎ary imagine→imaginary　　　 想象中的 ‎2.形容词变副词的规则 一般情况加ly common→commonly immediate→immediately 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加ly steady→steadily busy→busily 以le结尾，去掉e加y simple→simply gentle→gently 以ic结尾，加ally economic→economically scientific→scientifically ‎[名师点津]　(1)注意形近词 hard与hardly，前者表示“努力”，后者表示“几乎不”。‎ ‎(2)像deep, high, slow等本身也是副词，加上ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。‎ ‎(三)从句子结构上看，厘清“比较级和最高级”‎ ‎1．根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。‎ ‎2．有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。‎ ‎3．当空格前有表示程度的词如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/good deal, a lot等或有still, even 等词时，需填比较级。‎ ‎4．表示“越……就越……”用“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构。‎ ‎5．表达在某个范围内“最……”，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。‎ ‎6．当空格前有the second/third ..., one of ...等词时，需填最高级。‎ ‎7．有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。‎ ‎[课时跟踪检测]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019届高三·泉州模拟)And all of the available evidence was relatively (relative) weak and variable, which the researchers said was unsurprising because of all the different variables.‎ ‎2．(2019届高三·滁州模拟)“I wanted to see for myself what happened，”said Terry.“I couldn't imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the powerful (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling of helplessness.”‎ ‎3．(2019届高三·合肥模拟)“Before I came to Egypt, the tourism agency told me repeatedly (repeat) to bring cooling balm as a gift to make the trip easier (easy)，” said Mr. Ye, a 25yearold whose family sells Chinese medicine online.‎ ‎4．(2019届高三·合肥模拟)Li Xiaodong, an Egyptologist at China's Northeast Normal University, believes Chinese travelers initially brought cooling balm for personal (person) use because it's very hot in Egypt, then discovered Egyptians liked it.‎ ‎5．(2019届高三·成都模拟)It is increasingly (increasing) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas.‎ ‎6．(2019届高三·六安模拟)China has the_largest (large) mobile use in the world.‎ ‎7．(2019届高三·西安模拟)The poor man was shocked (shock) to hear this and they finally took the issue to court to get the right judgment.‎ ‎8．(2019届高三·闽侯模拟)Now it has become one of the biggest(big) international art festivals in Asia, providing a platform for artists at home and abroad to exchange ideas.‎ ‎9．(2018·济南模拟)Beijing has several fairs during the Chinese New Year. The fairs are held at various (vary) ancient temples, so they are called “temple fairs”．‎ ‎10．(2018·厦门模拟)Chinese people are becoming richer (rich) and more international.‎ ‎11．(2018·佛山模拟)Heat is more threatening (threaten) than flames.‎ ‎12．(2018·西安模拟)The selfish man_actually (actual) wanted to own everything in the world.‎ ‎13．(2018·益阳模拟)Because experts don't know exactly (exact) where it came from, it is scientifically worthless.‎ ‎14．(2018·柳州模拟)Since the 1950s, about 100 million copies of his works have been sold around ‎ the world. However,_only three of them have been translated for Englishspeaking world, which are Fox Volant of the Snowy‎ ‎Mountain, The Deer and the Cauldron and The Book and the Sword.‎ ‎15．(2018·柳州模拟)Louis Cha is widely (wide) recognized as one of the most successful authors in China.‎ ‎16．(2018·武汉模拟)Right now, Lefson is hoping that her pet's fame as an accomplished artist will convince more people that pigs are “amazingly intelligent, exceptional animals”that deserve a better_ (good) fate than the slaughterhouse.‎ ‎17．(2018·遵义模拟)One morning, the king was surprised (surprise) to see the falcon flying high in the sky.‎ ‎18．(2018·遵义模拟)The servant quickly (quick) found the farmer, and he came and stood before the king.‎ ‎19．(2018·南阳模拟)One day around ‎2 a．m. at night I saw a car rushing into the parking zone with fire erupting from the front of the car and it looked pretty dangerous (danger)．‎ ‎20．(2018·大庆模拟)Black face paint is usually (usual) used for someone who is fierce and violent.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019届高三·滁州模拟)With these changes, people's pace of life has been quickened and people's work has been made more efficiently. efficiently→efficient ‎2．(2019届高三·合肥模拟)But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people._rich→richest ‎3．(2019届高三·合肥模拟)The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for both of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and later cooperation with Jerry Yang.obvious→obviously ‎4．(2019届高三·六安模拟)To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college, where I can make fully preparations for the job of a doctor.fully→full ‎5．(2019届高三·闽侯模拟)But Katie thought owning their own bikes would make wonderfully memories for every child.wonderfully→wonderful ‎6．(2019届高三·莆田模拟)But when he had recovered three days later, he felt amazing at the effect of the Chinese medicine.amazing→amazed ‎7．(2019届高三·莆田模拟)Standing on the highest place, I felt so greatly.greatly→great ‎8．(2019届高三·佛山模拟)She works hardly and has been a model teacher for ages._hardly→hard ‎9．(2018·泉州模拟)I am delighted that you have passed the exam successful.‎ successful→successfully ‎10．(2018·佛山模拟)She is good at teaching and tries her best to make every lesson lively and interested._interested→interesting ‎11．(2018·阳春模拟)Beside, I am quite familiar with places of interest in my city and famous food as well.Beside→Besides ‎12．(2018·南宁模拟)Jack lives in a smaller town in England.smaller→small ‎13．(2018·南宁模拟)When crossing a busy street, he was almost knocked down by a car. Jack stood here for a moment, full of fear.here→there ‎14．(2018·武汉模拟)On my birthday, I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt.generously→generous ‎15．(2018·遵义模拟)Everything went well at first but something terribly happened later.terribly→terrible ‎16．(2018·邯郸模拟)I real enjoyed the meal that evening.real→really_‎ ‎17．(2018·大庆模拟)61% of the students surveyed turn to their friends or schoolmates for help when they are in trouble. About one fourth of them choose teachers and parents as their ideal listeners just because they have many experiences. Therefore, there are still 14% who prefer to keep the troubles to themselves.Therefore→However ‎18．(2018·鄂州模拟)Other than that, it was in excellently condition.excellently→excellent ‎19．(2018·襄阳模拟)The first evening I was a little scary, so I turned on all the lights.scary→scared ‎20．(2018·襄阳模拟)I really felt proudly of myself and thought I had grown up.‎ proudly→proud