【英语】2018届二轮复习名词学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习名词学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 名词考查特点及解题指导 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。‎ 在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。‎ ‎(一)语法填空常考点 ‎1．名词复数的规则变化 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings (painting)．‎ 一般在名词词尾直接加s：‎ day天→days　　change变化→changes member成员→members painting油画→paintings friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest利益→interests book书→books ‎③(2016·聊城模拟)In the rush hour, there were so many cars and buses (bus) on the road, so I was stuck.‎ ‎④(2016·江西九校联考)More than 300 coaches (coach) have been invited to the meeting.‎ 词尾是s, x, ch, sh时，一般加es：‎ bus公共汽车→buses　fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。‎ ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.‎ ‎⑥(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.‎ 词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies：‎ study研究→studies　enemy敌人→enemies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s：‎ guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys ‎⑦(2016·郑州5月模拟)For several weeks, Mrs. Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky housewives (housewife) like many of her friends.‎ 词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves：‎ shelf架子→shelves　　　knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves housewife家庭主妇→housewives ‎⑧(2016·潍坊二模)They took some photos (photo) when they visited China.‎ ‎⑨(2016·太原模拟)The little boy ate so many fried potatoes (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.‎ 词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es：‎ piano钢琴→pianos　 photo相片→photos zoo动物园→zoos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes ‎2．名词复数的不规则变化 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·大庆高三第一次模拟)Unfortunately, a great many deer (deer) have been killed in the past decade.‎ 单复数同形的名词：‎ sheep 绵羊　　deer鹿　　means手段　　works工厂 series系列　　aircraft飞行器　　Chinese中国人 ‎②(2016·江西八校一模)However, the grass under our feet (foot) is green enough. As an old saying goes, he who is content with what he has is always happy. Happiness consists in contentment.‎ 自身有特殊变化的名词：‎ child孩子→children　man男人→men woman女人→women tooth牙→teeth foot脚；英尺→feet mouse老鼠 ‎→mice medium传播媒介→media crisis危机→crises ‎3．名词的固定搭配 ‎(二)短文改错常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 我来改正 常设错点(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.‎ ‎②(2016·四川高考)Mom has a fulltime job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.‎ ‎③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ‎ ‎①knowledges→knowledge ‎②houseworks→housework ‎③airs→air 可数名词与不可数名词的错用 误把不可数名词当作可数名词，例如纯抽象名词progress, freedom, luggage, advice, housework, fun, information, weather, anger等都只能用作不可数名词。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.‎ ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. ‎ ‎⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.‎ ‎④year→years ‎⑤parent→parents ‎⑥第一个hour→hours 可数名词单复数的错用 ‎(1)有些名词常以复数形式出现，例如shoulders, trousers, parents等；‎ ‎(2)可数名词前有数词、数量词、some或one of ...等修饰，则该名词应用复数形式；‎ ‎(3)在指示代词this, that后用单数名词；在these, those后用复数名词。‎ ‎[名词专练]‎ ‎1．As we know, McDonald’s is one of the bestknown restaurants (restaurant) in the US and even around the world.‎ ‎2．Yesterday the firemen (fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.‎ ‎3．If a young man wants to become a singer, he should take some special courses (course) in this area because they will help him improve singing abilities. ‎ ‎4．As far as I know, two car thieves (thief) have been caught in our community.‎ ‎5．We have made preparations (prepare) to move to new offices.‎ ‎6．—How can I take the medicine, sir?‎ ‎—Just follow the directions (direct) on the bottle.‎ ‎7．It is not what you are thinking about but how you can put it into practice that counts.‎ ‎8．The dream of going to the firstclass universities attracts us greatly and we have made up our minds to achieve it.‎ ‎9．She cycled round the corner, lost her balance and fell off.‎ ‎10．Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand,_it could just put you in debt.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．There are branch library in many villages to improve people’s reading level. library→libraries ‎2．Sam was eager to know everything about the US and asked me lots of question. question→questions ‎3．It’s one of the most beautiful view that I’ve ever seen in China.view→views ‎4．Police said the man was danger to the public.danger前加a ‎5．If you go to the party, it is polite to arrive on time. It is good manners to shake hand with your host.hand→hands ‎6．It is great honour for me to take part in the volunteer work, and I learn the significance of helping others.is后加a ‎7．You should follow the doctor’s advices and give up smoking.advices→advice ‎8．After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson the ride to the airport.第一个the→a ‎9．All the students in our class made a progress by studying harder this term.去掉a ‎10．It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.1990s前加the ‎11．China is a world’s second largest economy and has abundant experience in economic development. a→the ‎12．After about half a hour, the rain stopped and I went home.a→an ‎13．Here is a very person we are looking for, one with a good knowledge of German.第一个a→the ‎14．First, we can go to Qingdao, where it is cool and mild, and have funs at the seaside.funs→fun ‎15．When I went to see him, he was out of dangers but still looked pale.dangers→danger ‎16．Now I’d like to tell you a impressive story that happened on the first day of my teaching career.a→an ‎17．As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.famous前加a ‎18．There are shops on all sides of the street.all→both ‎19．I would appreciate you if you come to my grandma’s birthday party and say “Hello” to her.第一个you→it ‎20．There are many difficulties and problems that we can’t overcome with only their own efforts.their→our ‎21．About 36% of them are fond of surfing the Internet, which helps him know about the latest news and current affairs in the world.him→them ‎22．Both my parents miss you a lot. So does our friend, Cathy. When you come, you can stay with ourselves.ourselves→us ‎23．What seems to be a good thing to one person may be a bad thing to other.other→another ‎24．Wherever he is, he makes himself a rule to give his mother a call every day.himself→it ‎25．Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside his room I stopped.paid后加a ‎ ‎26．We all know that the man is the most developed animal in the world.去掉第一个the ‎27．There I saw a guitar player playing guitar, which I really enjoyed.第二个guitar前加the ‎ ‎28．Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great achievements.their→our