2020届二轮复习完形填空解题技巧之二句群精读，活用方法稳抓保分题目

2020届二轮复习完形填空解题技巧之二句群精读，活用方法稳抓保分题目

‎2020届二轮复习 完形填空解题技巧之二句群精读，活用方法稳抓保分题目 通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是上文提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。‎ 完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)It's about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers' home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers __41__ about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.‎ ‎41．A.read B．forgot C．thought D．heard ‎[分析]　选C　本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。根据空格前面的“During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting”‎ 可知，经过一个周末的狩猎，Ehlers在漫长驱车回家旅途中，想起了他在路边看到的那只颤抖的小狗。think about “想起”，符合语境。‎ 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)They 41.bring with them lots of waste. The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the __43__ of Kilimanjaro.‎ ‎43．A.position B．age C．face D．name ‎[分析]　选C　利用生活常识和文化背景解题。由“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。‎ 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。‎ ‎[典例]　 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching ‎ words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”‎ ‎59．A.smart B．calm C．sweet D．fair ‎[分析]　选C　本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。‎ 从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。‎ 此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The 3，500 residents cannot all 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time. __57__， the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 58.sunstarved residents.‎ ‎57．A.Instead B．However C．Gradually D．Similarly ‎[分析]　选B　利用逻辑关系解题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇居民而言感觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故选however (然而)。‎ 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.‎ ‎55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly C．Sadly D．Suddenly ‎56．A.return B．relax C．speak D．leave ‎[分析]　55.选A　56.选D　这两道题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文的“after a brief stay in hospital”，“well enough”和“later the family met up for dinner” 这些暗示中我们可知Ben“很幸运”，“被允许出院”。‎ 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。‎ ‎(1)原词复现 ‎[典例1]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town's central __51__，creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52.appeared,_Rjukan residents gathered together.‎ ‎51．A.library B．hall C．square D．street ‎[分析]　选C　利用原词复现解题。由下一段中的“The town square was totally ...”可知，此空选square。library“图书馆”；hall“大厅”；street“街道”。‎ ‎(2)同义复现 ‎[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL－American Sign Language (美式手语)．‎ ‎41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal ‎[分析]　选A　利用同义复现解题。由上一句中的“explore”和“exploration”可知，本句指的是“我自己经历了这种探索过程”，故选searching。‎ ‎(3)反义复现 ‎[典例3]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I had advised the kids that while verbs ‎ (动词) may seem dull, most of the __50__things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.‎ ‎50．A.simple B．unique C．fun D．clever ‎[分析]　选C　利用反义复现解题。fun与前面的“dull”构成反义复现。‎ ‎(4)代词复现 ‎[典例4]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56.backed_off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or 58.free to go. They let him and the other man go.‎ ‎57．A.woman B．police C．man D．driver ‎[分析]　选B　利用代词复现解题。根据语境和下文中的“They”可知， Larry问是否还需要他，问的对象肯定是这些急救人员了。下文中的代词“They”是复数，四个选项中只有police是集合名词，表示复数，也符合常识。故选B项。‎ 在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，I'd hope that somebody would be __60__ to go that extra mile.”‎ ‎60．A.suitable B．proud C．wise D．willing ‎[分析]　选D　利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据本句“If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be willing to go that extra mile.”可知，Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。‎ 在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·北京高考)Tina Stern 17.received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college，and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18.transportation_．“It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in 19.awkward silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said.“He asks you questions and actually 20.remembers the answers，so the next time you ride with him，he'll__21__ those things.”‎ ‎21．A.act on B．settle on C．check on D．agree on ‎[分析]　选C　有连词so可知，他会记住他问的这些问题的答案，因此下次乘车时他会核实(check on)答案。act on“对……起作用”‎ ‎；settle on“决定”；agree on“对……取得一致意见”。‎ 在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50.advertised as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __52__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.‎ ‎52．A.called B．copied C．counted D．remembered ‎[分析]　选A　利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据前面的“The ad had a51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan.”可知，寻狗启事上有电话号码，故Ehlers打电话 (call)告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ A ‎(2019·成都第三次诊断)I recently visited India to meet women with AIDS. Having AIDS is considered as a mark of disgrace and the punishment is abandonment. Most of these women had been __1__ by their family.‎ What I __2__ most is how much they wanted to touch me and be touched as if physical __3__ somehow proved their __4__．‎ I spent time with the dying and saw rows of cots (折叠床). Every cot was __5__ except for one in the corner, so I went there，hoping to provide some help. The __6__ was a woman in her 30s. She had __7__ eyes and was skinny.‎ ‎__8__， I suddenly felt helpless. I had nothing to __9__ her. I couldn't save her, either.‎ I __10__ down and reached out to touch her — and when she __11__ my hand, she grabbed it and wouldn't let go. We had been there together for a while when she pointed upwards. It took me some time to __12__ that she wanted to go up to the roof and sit outside. It was getting __13__ and the sun was going down, and no one seemed __14__ to take her upstairs.‎ I carried her up. She sat on a chair, facing the west and watching the __15__. I reminded the workers to __16__ her later. Then I had to leave. But she never __17__ me.‎ Sometimes it's the people you can't help who __18__ you the most. Optimism isn't a passive expectation that things will get better. It is a(n) __19__ that we can make things better and we can help people if we don't lose hope and don't look __20__．‎ 语篇解读：‎ 我到印度去看望那些患有艾滋病、被家庭抛弃的妇女；在那里我遇到一位女病人，她要我带她到屋顶上；我将她带到上面，然后就离开了，但是这个人却永远留在了我的心中；我由此次经历明白，只要心存希望并且不随便放弃，我们终究会使事情变好，帮助到别人。‎ ‎1．A.beaten B．abandoned C．scolded D．cheated 解析：选B　根据上文中的“the punishment is abandonment”可知，这些妇女中大多数已经被她们的家人抛弃了。故选B。‎ ‎2．A.value B．complain C．remember D．wonder 解析：选C　根据文章开头的“I recently visited India”可知，文章叙述的是作者的回忆。由此可知，这里表示我记得最清楚的就是她们很想要触碰我并被触碰。故选C。‎ ‎3．A.excitement B．collision C．pleasure D．contact 解析：选D　根据第1题的分析以及该空前的“touch me”和“be touched”可知，她们希望和我有身体接触(contact)，好像这样能以某种方式证明她们的价值(worth)。B项意为“碰撞事故，冲突”。‎ ‎4．A.birth B．failure C．worth D．future 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎5．A.occupied B．attended C．made D．covered 解析：选B　根据该空后的“hoping to provide some help”‎ 可知，每个折叠床(的病人)都有人照看，除了角落里的一个，所以我希望能给这个床的病人一些帮助。B项意为“看护，照料”，故选B。A项意为“占用，占领”。‎ ‎6．A.patient B．witness C．nurse D．worker 解析：选A　根据第一段第一句中的“women with AIDS”可知，这里住的都是身患艾滋病的病人。故选A。‎ ‎7．A.shining B．beautiful C．sorrowful D．greedy 解析：选C　根据语境以及该空后的“skinny”可知，她有着悲伤的眼睛且骨瘦如柴。D项意为“贪婪的”。‎ ‎8．A.Otherwise B．However C．Instead D．Besides 解析：选B　根据第5空后的“hoping to provide some help”以及该空后的“I suddenly felt helpless”可知，本来我想帮助她，但突然发现我无能为力。此处与上文构成转折关系，故选B。‎ ‎9．A.entertain B．protect C．convince D．offer 解析：选D　根据上题解析并结合该空后的“I couldn't save her, either.”可知，我什么也给不了她。故选D。‎ ‎10．A.knelt B．calmed C．went D．jumped 解析：选A　根据该空后的“reached out to touch her”可推知，我跪下来(knelt down)，然后伸手去触碰她。故选A。‎ ‎11．A.pushed B．felt C．shook D．warmed 解析：选B　根据该空前的“touch her”以及该空后的“she grabbed it and wouldn't let go”可知，当我用手触碰她的时候，她感觉到了我的手，并且抓住它，不肯松开。故选B。‎ ‎12．A.figure out B．get across C．point out D．put down 解析：选A　根据空后的“she wanted to go up to the roof”可推知，我花了一些时间，才弄明白她是要到屋顶上去坐一坐。A项意为“弄明白”，故选A。B项意为“解释清楚，传达”；C项意为“指出”；D项意为“记下，写下”。‎ ‎13．A.clear B．cloudy C．late D．windy 解析：选C　根据该空后的“the sun was going down”可知，天已经很晚了。故选C。‎ ‎14．A.brave B．determined C．confident D．willing 解析：选D　根据第5、13小题的分析可知，之前没人照看她，并且由于天太晚了，似乎没有人愿意带她到外面去。故选D。‎ ‎15．A.night B．sunset C．roof D．performance 解析：选B　根据第13空后的“the sun was going down”可知，她坐在椅子上，面朝西方，看着日落。故选B。‎ ‎16．A.treat B．save C．comfort D．fetch 解析：选D　根据空后的“I had to leave”可知，我要走了，所以我提醒工作人员稍后去将她接回来。故选D。‎ ‎17．A.left B．forgot C．forgave D．thanked 解析：选A　根据空前的“I had to leave”和语境可推知，虽然我离开了她，但是她却仍然在我心中，没有离开。故选A。‎ ‎18．A.challenge B．confuse C．satisfy D．inspire 解析：选D　结合上文内容可知，有时候，正是那些你无法给予帮助的人，给你的启发最大。inspire意为“启发思考”，故选D。‎ ‎19．A.opportunity B．promise C．belief D．intention 解析：选C　根据空前一句可知，乐观不是被动地期待事情会变好。它是一种信念，即如果我们心存希望，不看向别处(即放弃)，那么我们就能够将事情变好，能够帮助别人。故选C。‎ ‎20．A.away B．up C．out D．back 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ B ‎(2019·长沙四校一模)“Love is caring，” Grandma told me as I sat at her bedside. She was in bed and receiving hospice care (临终关怀护理). ‎ As immigrants, Grandma's families were __1__. First, they started a sausagemaking business. Then, they ran a grocery store. As the Depression (经济大萧条) raised its __2__ head in 1929, many families couldn't __3__ groceries. Her father insisted on helping by extending credit to them. But, his selfless help led to financial disaster __4__ large numbers of the credit extensions went __5__．‎ Disaster didn't stop there. After her parents' deaths two years later, Grandma __6__ the debts, lost the business and __7__ her brothers, looking after and protecting them. She fell sick from sadness, feeling hopeless and helpless. __8__， she finally pulled herself together. She __9__ creditors to give her time to repay them. She found a job in a candy shop.__10__， all of her family's debts were repaid. Her __11__ kept the family from bankruptcy (破产)．‎ Through her many __12__， Grandma found the strength to give and be __13__ for the smallest things. She never made complaints about the families that __14__ to repay her even after their hardships ended.‎ I remembered the __15__ she had told us many times. Her sister Olivia was __16__ hard times. She only had two dollars in cash to get herself through the week then. But after struggling, she __17__ slipped her very last two dollars into an envelope __18__ to Olivia.‎ ‎“Be appreciative of everything, Lauren. And love others. Love is caring，” Grandma __19__．‎ Looking at the courage of a woman facing __20__ made me realize I had so much to learn.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在祖母临终前探视她时，对她坚强、富有爱心的一生作了追忆，并告诉我们“爱就是关怀”这一人生真理。‎ ‎1．A.united B．adventurous C．reliable D．cautious 解析：选B　根据下文中的“First, they started a sausagemaking business. Then, they ran a grocery store.”可知，作者的祖母一家作为移民，他们先后开办了香肠制作店和食品杂货店，这说明他们很有冒险精神。adventurous“有冒险精神的”，符合语境。united“团结的”；reliable“可靠的”；cautious“小心的，谨慎的”。‎ ‎2．A.rigid B．big C．ugly D．heavy 解析：选C　根据上文中的“As the Depression (经济大萧条) ... groceries.”可知，此处应用“ugly”‎ 来形容经济大萧条，暗含了人们对经济大萧条的痛恨之情。ugly“丑陋的，险恶的，令人不快的”，符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.manage B．demand C．afford D．supply 解析：选C　由于经济大萧条，人们买不起食品杂货。afford “支付得起”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.although B．unless C．before D．when 解析：选D　根据上文中的“Her father insisted on helping by extending credit to them”“his selfless help led to financial disaster”可知，在经济大萧条的形势下，作者祖母的父亲坚持为人们提供信贷服务。但是当人们不能偿还信贷时，他无私的关爱给他的家庭带来经济灾难。when“当……的时候”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.unpaid B．unconfirmed C．unknown D．unnoticed 解析：选A　参见上题解析。下文中的“repay them”亦是提示。unpaid“未偿还的”，符合语境。‎ ‎6．A.took over B．turned over C．picked up D．made up 解析：选A　根据上文中的“After her parents' deaths two years later”和下文中的“She found a job ... repaid.”可知，祖母的父母去世后，她承担了那些债务。take over“接管，接手”，符合语境。turn over“‎ 使翻转”；pick up“捡起”；make up“构成，组成”。‎ ‎7．A.bothered B．mothered C．comforted D．instructed 解析：选B　父母都去世了，她承担起照顾弟弟们的重任。mother“给以母亲的关爱，像母亲般地照顾”，符合语境。下文中的“looking after and protecting them”是提示。‎ ‎8．A.Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．However 解析：选D　根据上文中的“She fell sick ... helpless.”和下文中的“she finally pulled herself together”可知，但是，她最终振作起来了。前后句之间存在语义上的转折关系，故however“但是”符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.commanded B．reminded C．persuaded D．expected 解析：选C　她说服了债主们延长还债期限。persuade“说服”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.In turn B．In time C．In secret D．In surprise 解析：选B　过了一段时间之后，她家的债务终于还清了。in time“经过一段时间之后，最后”，符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.intelligence B．fortune C．confidence D．determination 解析：‎ 选D　根据上文她说服债主延长还债期限，找到工作并还清债务的内容可知，祖母有很大的决心和毅力。determination“决心，毅力”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.losses B．roles C．attempts D．errors 解析：选A　经历了许多的挫折，祖母发现了给予的力量。loss“损失，失利”，此处可理解为“挫折，逆境”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.ready B．thankful C．respectful D．responsible 解析：选B　祖母经历了许多挫折，却没有对生活心生怨恨，反而感激生活赋予的一切。下文中的“Be appreciative of everything”亦是提示。thankful“感激的”，符合语境。ready“准备好的”；respectful“尊敬的”；responsible“负有责任的”。‎ ‎14．A.refused B．promised C．pretended D．intended 解析：选A　即使是对那些已度过困难时期却拒绝偿还信贷的家庭，作者的祖母亦不曾有过抱怨。refuse“拒绝”，符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.business B．challenge C．activity D．story 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指祖母多次讲述的一件往事(story)。‎ ‎16．A.going around B．going with C．going through D．going over 解析：选C　祖母的妹妹正经历困难时期。go through“经历，经受(困境、痛苦等)”，符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.calmly B．hesitantly C．thoughtfully D．gently 解析：选A　根据下文中的“into an envelope __18__ to Olivia”可知，尽管祖母只剩下两美元来度过那一周，但经过一番挣扎之后，她还是把这仅有的两美元装到信封里寄给了妹妹。此处用calmly表明祖母内心的平静，更能说明她的爱心之伟大。hesitantly“不情愿地，犹豫地”；thoughtfully“体贴地”；gently“温柔地”。‎ ‎18．A.presented B．conveyed C．written D．addressed 解析：选D　参见上题解析。address“写(收信人)姓名地址”，符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.continued B．repeated C．responded D．explained 解析：选B　作者的祖母重复道：“Lauren，要对一切事物心存感激。要关爱他人。爱就是关怀。”repeat“重复，重说”，符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.unfairness B．uncertainty C．death D．danger 解析：选C　祖母一生经历了那么多艰难困苦，却都一一克服，所以看到她面对死亡的勇气让作者意识到自己还有很多要学习的地方。此处用“death”呼应文章开头的“hospice care(临终关怀护理)”‎ ‎。unfairness“不公平”；uncertainty“犹豫”；danger“危险”。‎