2018届语法二轮复习构词法课件（36张）

2018届语法二轮复习构词法课件（36张）

2018 届 语法二轮复习 构词法 熟读深思 John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove ［ 1 ］ of each other, for there was some misunderstanding ［ 2 ］ between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt’s home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye-bye!” to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn’t hear it and he thought John misbehaved ［ 3 ］ himself for it was impolite ［ 4 ］ to leave without saying goodbye. John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn’t listen to him. From then on, John was unfriendly ［ 5 ］ to his father, which made his father extremely unhappy ［ 6 ］ . Undoubtedly ［ 7 ］ , it is unwise ［ 8 ］ of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich ［ 9 ］ his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable ［ 10 ］ him to be a good-mannered boy. John’s father said he was angry at his son’s dishonesty ［ 11 ］ , which would certainly endanger ［ 12 ］ his future. His father’s nonstop ［ 13 ］ nonsense caused John much discomfort ［ 14 ］ . John had to go to the class. Later on, he did everything against his father’s will. 汉语译文： 约翰和父亲总有分歧，他们经常想法不一致，因为他们之间有一些误会。一次，约翰和父母去姑姑家吃饭。晚饭后当他们离开时，约翰小声对姑姑说“再见 !” 然而，他的父亲没听到，他认为约翰不懂规矩 , 不告而别是非常不礼貌的。 约翰坚持说他确实说了，但他父亲不听。从此，约翰对父亲很不友善，这使他的父亲非常不高兴。毫无疑问，约翰这样做是不明智的。毕竟，他们是父子。他的父亲把他送去上礼仪班以丰富他的礼仪知识，父亲认为这样做会使他成为一个懂礼貌的男孩。约翰的父亲说对于儿子的不诚实他感到很生气，他的不诚实一定会危及他的未来。父亲不间断的唠叨让约翰很不舒服。约翰不得不去上课。此后，他总是和父亲对着干。 熟读深思 1. dis 表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀 dis 可以加在动词的前面 , approve 赞同 →disapprove 不赞同 , 反对。 2. mis 表示“错误或否定”意义的前缀 mis 可以加在动词的前面， understand 理解 → misunderstand 误解， misunderstanding 是其名词形式。 3. mis 表示“糟糕或否定”意义的前缀 mis 可以加在动词的前面 , behave 表现得体 →misbehave 行为不端。 4. im 前缀 im 通常加在以字母 p 开头的形容词前，表示“不、非”的意思， polite 有礼貌的 →impolite 没礼貌的，而同是表示“不、非”的前缀 il 常加在以字母 l 开头的单词前；前缀 ir 则常加在以字母 r 开头的单词前。 5 ～ 8. un  前缀 un 通常加在形容词前或加后缀才得来的形容词或副词的前面，表示“不、非”的意思， friendly 友好的 →unfriendly 不友好的， happy 开心 →unhappy 不开心 。 9 ～ 10. en  前缀 en 通常加在形容词前面，表示“使 ……” 的意思， rich 丰富的 →enrich 使丰富，使充实； able 能够 →enable 使能够 。一般的前缀不会改变词性，但前缀 en 会改变所加的单词的词性。 11. dis 表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀 dis 可以加在名词的前面， honesty 诚实 →dishonesty 不诚实。  12. en 前缀 en 也可以加在名词前面，表示“使 ……” 的意思， danger 危险 →endanger 危及。 13. non 前缀 non 构成形容词、副词和名词，表示“无、没有”的意思。 14. dis 表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀 dis 可以加在名词的前面， comfort 舒服 →discomfort 不舒服。 构词法与高考 1. 阅读理解中考纲词的派生词与合成词不算生词，不用汉语注明。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。 2. 语法填空中必考词类转换。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及以下三条： ⑴ 在句中修饰动词、形容词、另一副词或全句等作状语，用副词。 ⑵ 在句中作定语、表语或补语，一般用形容词。 ⑶ 作主语、作及物动词或者介词的宾语，用名词。 3. 短文改错中也必考不同词性在句中的不同用法。 1.(2011 年 )He must be _______(mental) disabled. 解析： 修饰分词形容词 disabled ，作状语，用副词形式，故填 mentally 。 近年广东高考真题： 3.(2010 年 )His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 解析： 修饰谓语动词 smiled ，作状语，用副词形式，故填 warmly 。 4.(2009 年 )But Jane knew from past experience that her _____(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析： 在 that 引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形式，故填 choice 。 5.(2008 年 )This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______(nature) course. 解析： 在名词 course 前作定语，要用形容词，故填 natural 。 1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. _____________ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2. Therefore, when they become older they are ________ (able) to do any other kind of work. unable unfortunately 灵活运用 3. Very early the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally ___________(expect) way. 4. I won’t do the purchase because the price of this dress is ____________(reason). unreasonable unexpected 5. Job _________ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time. 6. All facts are the source of _________ (conclude). conclusions applicants 7. However, most _________(science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with _______ (educate). 8. Excellent oral and written __________ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of ___________ (important). importance scientists education communication 9. Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _____ (require). 10. It is your ________ (free) to do what you want after class. freedom requirement 11. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great ____________, and the students are ____________. (compete) 12. I am __________(thank) to you for your help. 13. He gave me some __________(construct) suggestions. thankful competition competitors constructive 14. A jury’s decision in a court case must be absolutely ________ (object). 15. He devoted much money to building schools in ____________(mountain) areas. 16. Unfortunately, my car broke down on a _______ (mud) road. muddy objective mountainous 17. Everyone should play his part in building a ____________(harmony) society. 18. The ___________(mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought. 19. To make myself _________, I would do some _________exercise after work. (relax) relaxing harmonious mysterious relaxed 20. All the children felt __________ when they heard the ___________ news. (discourage) 21. We _________ (apology) for the late departure of this flight. apologized discouraged discouraging 22. The article can _________(long) out a little by adding some examples. 23. His illness _________(worse) during the night. 24. Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it ___________(intention). intentionally lengthen worsened 25. The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom __________(brave). 26. Our products are sold __________, (world). 27. He went out of the office _________ (hurry) to run after her. hurriedly bravely worldwide 28. I lost my balance and fell _____ (back). 29. They live in the ________(west) part of the village. 30. It’s very important to eat ________ (health). healthily backward western 二、语篇填空 阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。 A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1.__________(month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you’re 55 years old, I’m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don’t do it now; I’m too busy!” monthly The youngster immediately fell 2. ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3. _____________ (apologetical ) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4. ________ (quiet) walked away,5. _________________ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didn’t respond. silent Apologetically quietly disappointment 6. ______________(fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote … “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7. _____________(thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Unfortunately thoughtless … Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8. _________ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9. _________(reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10. ___________(importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because … there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy …   warmly rejection important 一个小孩在父亲 55 岁生日时想给父亲 55 个吻，但这位父亲因太忙叫儿子等以后有空再吻，几天后这个小男孩不幸溺水身亡 , 父亲伤心欲绝。故事告诫我们，对于那些在我们身边，对我们弥足珍贵的人，用爱去回应他们爱的渴望，这最重要不过了。 1. monthly 在名词前作定语用形容词，表示“每月的”填 monthly 。 2. silent 在系动词 felt 后作表语用形容词。 3. Apologetically 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。 4. quietly 修饰谓语动词作状语用副词。 5. disappointment 后面有过去分词短语作定语，应是名词。 6. Unfortunately 修饰全句作状语用副词，溺水身亡是“不幸地”。 7. thoughtless 在名词前作定语用形容词，根据文意，加表示否定意义的后缀 less 。 8. warmly 修饰谓语作状语用副词。 9. rejection 在介词后作宾语用名词。 10. important 在系动词 is 后作表语用形容词 . 三、单句改错 1. A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved. understand→ understanding 作主语 , 用名词。 2. The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion. actually→ actual 作定语 , 用形容词。 3. It’s surprised what people will do for money. surprised→ surprising 因 -ing 表示“令人 …… 的 ( 多为事 )” 而 -ed 则表示“ ( 人 ) 感到 …… 的”。人们为了钱所做的事情“令人惊讶”。 4. When facing danger, one should keep calmly. calmly→ calm 作表语 , 用形容词。 5. Are you being completely honesty about your feelings ？ honesty→ honest 作表语 , 用形容词。 6. I was thrilling to be invited. thrilling→ thrilled 我因为被邀请而感到兴奋。 7. Hopeful, we’ll arrive before dark. Hopeful→ Hopefully 作状语，修饰全句，用副词。 8. I felt extreme upset, and I couldn’t believe my mother refused to help the animal. extreme→ extremely 作状语，修饰形容词 upset ，用副词。 9. Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me? true→ truth 作宾语 , 用名词。 10.In this increasingly competitive world , we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society. constant→ constantly 作状语，修饰动词 enrich ，用副词。