2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业24Unit24Society北师大版选修8

2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业24Unit24Society北师大版选修8

1 课时作业 24 Unit 24　Society 课时练(一)　阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 (限时：35 分钟) 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节　(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A reusable bottle will save you money in the long run while helping you reach your hydration goals. Let's check out these reusable water bottles in 2019 ! Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle (Stainless steel), $31 This shiny, stainless steel bottle is lightweight and easy to grasp, so it's perfectly portable when you're on­the­go, whether hiking up a mountain or doing business around town. The single­walled stainless steel construction keeps your drink cold for hours, and a stylish cap made of sustainably harvested bamboo tops it off. CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle(Plastic), $20 (Normally $28) If you find more of your drink ends up in your bag­or on your pants­than in your mouth, CamelBak's spill­proof water bottle cap is a must­have. The newly redesigned “bite­and­sip” cap lets more liquid flow through than previous versions, letting 2 you stay hydrated without having to worry about spills. It's also dishwasher­safe, unlike other water bottles, so it's simple to keep clean and germfree. YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle, $10 For adventurers on­the­go, this space­saving water container is a must­have. The soft, BPA­free bottle folds up to be only 4.5 inches tall when it's empty, but stores up to 500 ml liquid when you fill it up! Available in six bright colors, this handy bottle is the perfect travel companion for your next biking, hiking, or camping trip. Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle, $9 Kick up the flavor with this genius infuser bottle that allows you to add in extra flavor to your water. Fill the removable infuser basket with lemons, berries, tea bags, or anything else you're fond of, and you'll be able to create your own deliciously flavored water. You can take out the infuser whenever you need a regular water bottle too. 1．Which bottle keeps your drink cold for hours? A．Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle. B．CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle. C．YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle. D．Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle. 2．How much can you save if you buy a plastic bottle? A．$15.　　　　　　　　　B．$13. C．$10. D．$8. 3 3．What's the characteristic of YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle? A．Being made of stainless steel. B．Saving space by easily folding up. C．Preventing the liquid from spills. D．Allowing users to add in extra flavor. B [2020·衡水中学高三考试]A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice. “We realized in the mid­1970s that it was missing，” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Institution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes, and the intern put the letter back. The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.” Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D．C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but as unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property. The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr.Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park. The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape ， ” says Kapsalis. “And we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online.” It would now be difficult for an intern, a visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. “Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s，” says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don't even have access to.” 4 4．What happened to Darwin's letter in the mid­1970s? A．It was recovered by the FBI. B．It was stolen more than once. C．It was put in the Archives for research purposes. D．It was purchased by the Smithsonian Institution Archives. 5．What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter? A．They proved its authenticity. B．They kept it in a special safe. C．They arrested the suspect immediately. D．They pressed criminal charges in vain. 6．What is Darwin's letter about? A．The evolution of Yellowstone National Park. B．His cooperation with an American geologist. C．Some geological evidence supporting his theory. D．His acknowledgement of help from a professional. 7．What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis? A．Reserve it for research purposes only. B．Turn it into an object of high interest. C．Keep it a permanent secret. D．Make it available online. C While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a human­like robot walking around the classroom. Will is just an avatar (化身) that appears on the students' desktops, or smartphone screens, when ordered to come. The autonomous animation (动画制作) platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human­like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach “Be sustainable with energy” — a free program for Auckland elementary schools. Just like the humans it replaced. Will is able to instantly react to the students' responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non­verbal cues (暗 5 示). For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two­way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their involvement, and make changes if needed. Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will­like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost­effective, rich, educational experience in the future.” The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon. 8．What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland? A．A digital teacher taught them. B．They first saw something digital. C．This was the start of a new school year. D．They could get close to smartphone screens. 9．What is the benefit of this two­way interaction? A．It can smile back. B．It can use a microphone. C．It can talk any topic for free. D．It can change if necessary. 10．What's the author's attitude to Will's replacing human educators soon? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving. 11．What might be the best title for the passage? A．New High­tech Contributes to Education B．The World's First Digital Teacher Appears in the Classroom C．The World's First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students D．New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in the Classroom. D [2020·郑州市高三质量预测]Have you ever heard someone say “You totally look like you're a Jessica” or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a “Jessica” or a “Michael” looks like. Why is this? 6 According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate people's names with their appearances, and can even guess someone's name based on how they look. Researchers collected thousands of photos of people's faces. They labeled (贴 标签于) each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct. The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38% of the time. It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone's name, Reader's Digest reported. However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than their real names. This may show that a person's appearance is affected by their name only if they use it often. “This kind of face­name matching happens because of a process of a self­fulfilling prophecy (预言), as we become what other people expect us to become，” Ruth Mayo from Tile University told science news website EurekAlert! Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes (刻板印象) can affect a person's appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful. They expect them to be “delicate” and “female”， just like the flower they are named for. 12．How is this passage developed? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By introducing an experiment. D．By comparing different cases. 13．What can be inferred from the study? A．Volunteers found it much easier to guess nicknames. B．Names have different associations in different cultures. C．Volunteers could guess the characteristics of the interviewees. D．The people in the photos and volunteers were from the same culture. 14．Why do some people look like their names according to Ruth Mayo? A．They want to please everyone around them. 7 B．They don't want to be different from others. C．They tend to become what others expect them to become. D．They like to copy famous people who share the same name. 15．What may be the best title for this passage? A．What determines our names B．Why we look like our names C．How we get rid of our stereotypes D．How stereotypes affect people's looks 第二节　(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 [2019·北京卷]Much of the work in today's world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. __1__ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? __2__ They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. __3__ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.”__4__ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug­of­war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 8 __5__ An A­team may require a balance — not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A．It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention. D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F ． Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 课时练(二)　语言知识运用·组块专练——练准度 (限时：30 分钟) 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节　完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 [2020·武汉调研]It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van (小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__. As a little girl myself, I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the worn­out dress that she was wearing. Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn't certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that's when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words “Thank You”． 9 　 1．A.showing B．recommending C．distributing D．selling 2．A.left B．changed C．chose D．approached 3．A.guaranteed B．realized C．decided D．accepted 4．A.boys B．children C．drivers D．adults 5．A.happily B．angrily C．hopefully D．helplessly 6．A.still B．less C．especially D．probably 7．A.similar B．different C．difficult D．ordinary 8．A.searching B．getting C．running D．breaking 9．A.food B．safety C．health D．transport 10．A.doubtful B．distant C．promising D．foreseeable 11．A.present B．decoration C．requirement D．possession 12．A.give away B．give back C．hand out D．hand in 13．A.station B．stop C．street D．signal 14．A.tore B．placed C．dropped D．threw 15．A.anger B．pain C．surprise D．disappointment 16．A.hope B．loneliness C．anxiety D．astonishment 10 17．A.walk B．get C．lift D．drive 18．A.behind B．away C．out D．in 19．A.got along B．come along C．caught up D．turned up 20．A.final B．new C．key D．simple 第二节　(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 [2020·潍坊市统一考试]There is a saying that goes, “All roads lead to Rome.” Roads were essential for the __1__ (grow) of the Roman Empire. These roads enabled the Romans to move armies __2__ (efficient). At its peak, the Roman road system __3__ (cover) 53,000 miles and contained about 372 links. The Romans were good at constructing these roads, __4__ were called viae (路)． Prepared viae began in history as the streets of Rome. The Law of the Twelve Tables (十二铜表法), __5__ (date) back to approximately 450 B．C., explains that a road shall be 8 feet wide where straight and 16 feet where curved. According to the Tables, Romans are commanded __6__ (build) roads that would not need frequent repair. The Romans had __7__ preference for standardization whenever they could. A golden milestone was set up. __8__ this milestone were listed all of the cities in the empire and the distances to them. Roman roads __9__ (consider) very important in maintaining both the stability and the expansion of the empire at that time. Even after over 1,000 years, these roads are still used. During the fall of the Roman Empire, the same roads offered __10__ (avenue) of invasion to the foreigners. This contributed to the Roman military ruin. 课时练(三)　写作强化增分·组块专练——练规范 (限时：35 分钟) 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节　短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) [2020· 河 南 测 试 ]At 4 ： 15 a ． m., I woke up and found me awake in bed. Beijing, where I had come from, was already rather hot and dry in the June. And I 11 was longing for a relaxed holiday in a quiet place with mountain and rivers. The night was so dark that I light a candle. And in the candlelight, I saw stars twinkling in the night sky. Late on, I looked into the darkness at the water and the woods cross the river. Cool breeze blew from the surface of the water gentle. The world was silent, but I walked quietly in the darkness as if afraid disturb the peace of the place. 第二节　书面表达(满分 25 分) [2020·安徽重点中学盟校模拟]假定你是李华，计划周末去书店购买有关中国文化经典 的书籍，你的留学生朋友 Jerry 想要一同前往。请给他写一封邮件说明你的计划，要点如下： 1．见面地点； 2．交通方式； 3．其他活动。 注意： 1．词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12 课时作业 24 课时练(一) 阅读理解 第一节 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了四种既省钱、实用，又各具特色的水杯。 1．A　考查细节理解。根据 Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle (Stainless steel), $31 部分中的“The single­walled stainless steel construction keeps your drink cold for hours”可知，Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle 可以让饮料数小时保持冰凉的状态，故 A 项 符合题意。 2．D　考查细节理解。根据 CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle(Plastic), $20 (Normally $28) 部分可知，CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle 是塑料杯，比正常的价格便宜了 8 美元，故选 D。 3．B　考查细节理解。根据 YUANFENG Collapsible Water Bottle, $10 部分中的“The soft, BPA­free bottle folds up to be only 4.5 inches tall when it's empty”可知， 这种水杯的特点就是在不装水的时候可以折叠起来，这样可以节省空间。故选 B。 干扰项分析：根据文章的内容可知，A 项叙述的是 Klean Kanteen Reflect Bottle 的特 点；C 项叙述的是 CamelBak Eddy Water Bottle 的特点；D 项叙述的是 Cupture White Fruit Infuser Water Bottle 的特点。 【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了达尔文的一封亲笔信失而复得，现收藏于美国史密森学 会档案馆。20 世纪 70 年代中期，这封信疑似被一位实习生偷走，经过 FBI 和档案馆工作人 员的努力，多年后，这一珍贵的历史资料又被找了回来。 4．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern... and the intern put the letter back. The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.”可知，达尔文的这封信在 20 世纪 70 年代中期被偷 了不止一次。故选 B 项。 5．A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Their art crime team recovered the letter but 13 was unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.”可知，FBI 中负责处理艺术品犯罪的小组虽然找回 了那封信，但是因为起诉期限已过，所以不能对罪犯提起诉讼，于是，FBI 与史密森学会档 案馆紧密合作，以确定这封信是真实的，而且是史密森(学会档案馆)的财产。故选 A 项。 6．D　细节理解题。根据第四段“The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr.Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.”可知，达尔文写信给费迪南德·范迪维尔·海登博士是为了表示感谢，因为他把后 来成为黄石国家公园所处区域的地质研究资料副本送给了达尔文。故选 D 项。 7．D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online.”可知，当这封信被修复后，会被拍成数 字照片，并且人们在网上可以看到它。故选 D 项。 【语篇解读】　新西兰奥克兰的一些小学生成为世界上第一批由数字化老师“教”的孩 子。数字化老师 Will 能和学生积极互动，吸引学生的注意力。 8．A　考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“They became the world's first kids to be ‘taught’ by a digital teacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由数字化老师“教”的孩 子。由此可知，对奥克兰的一些小学生来说其特别之处在于有一位数字化老师“教”他们。 故选 A。 9．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段尾句“This two­way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention... and make changes if needed.”可知，这种双向的 互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许该程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要 时做出改变。由此可知，这种双向互动的好处就在于其可以在必要的情况下适时进行改变。 故选 D。 10．D　考查推理判断。根据最后一段尾句“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon”可知，作者认 为无论它变得多么受欢迎，Will 都不太可能在短期内取代人类教育工作者。由此可推知，D 项符合题意。 11．B　考查主旨大意。本文为新闻报道类文章，第一段交代了文章的中心，即世界上 第一个数字化老师走进课堂“教”孩子们，然后文章后面的段落围绕这个中心，交代了具体 的上课内容、交流方式及对这种授课方式的看法。故 B 项最适合作本文标题。 【语篇解读】　一项研究发现，人们倾向于把姓名和美貌联系起来，甚至通过一个人的 长相来猜测其姓名。 12．C　考查推理判断。通读全文可知，前四段主要介绍了一项关于姓名和外貌之间的 14 联系的实验的过程和结果，后三段主要介绍了与该实验相关的结论。据此可推知，本文是通 过介绍一项实验的方式来写作的，故 C 项正确。 13．B　考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句“However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture”可知，然而，只有当志愿者看到来自 他们自己文化的名字时，这种方法才有效。据此可推知，姓名在不同的文化里有不同的联系， 故 B 项正确。 干扰项分析：根据第四段第二句中的“It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone's name”可知，志愿者根据照片上人的脸部特征猜出姓名， 而不是猜出人的性格，故 C 项错误；D 项文中没有提及。 14．C　考查细节理解。根据第六段中 Ruth Mayo 所说的话“This kind of face­name matching happens because of a process of a self­fulfilling prophecy (预言), as we become what other people expect us to become”可知，Ruth Mayo 认为，一些人的姓名 与外貌相一致是因为他们趋向于成为别人期望他们成为的样子，故 C 项正确。 15．B　考查主旨大意。根据第二段“According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate people's names with their appearances, and can even guess someone's name based on how they look”并结合全 文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“姓名和人的外貌有一定的关系”这一研究发现的相关情况， 故 B 项最适合作本文标题。 第二节 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，讨论了一个团队是否需要很多有天赋的个人加入。 1．B　设空处后的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.”与本 空为并列关系，故答案为 B 项(体育团队的老板们花数百万美元吸引顶尖人才)。 2．E　根据下文尤其是“They focused on football, basketball and baseball.”以 及“The results”可知，答案为 E 项。句意：最近的几项研究调查了人才在体育世界中的 作用。 3．G　本段主要说明了任务互依性在不同的运动项目中的作用以及对团队表现产生的影 响，与 G 项中的“task interdependence”相对应，故答案为 G 项。 4．D　根据设空处前的“If a basketball star is, for example，... Young children learning to play team sports are often told，‘There is no I in TEAM.’”可知答案为 D 项(明星们显然不愿遵循体育精神的这个基本的原则)。 5．F　根据设空处后的“An A­team may require a balance — not just A players...” 可知答案为 F 项(建立一个理想的团队比仅仅雇用最好的人才更复杂)。 15 课时练(二) 语言知识运用 第一节 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，“我们”在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发 玩具。“我”远远地发现了一位小女孩，她靠在垃圾中寻找食物为生。于是“我”走过去， 将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了。“我们”发现那位女孩在追“我们”，“我 们”停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。 【高频词回顾】　catch one's eye“引起某人的注意”；belong to“属于” 1．C　根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，我们在新年期间给无家可归的人分发 玩具。A 项意为“展示”；B 项意为“推荐”；C 项意为“分发”；D 项意为“出售”。故选 C 项。 2．D　根据下文中的“When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out”可推知，当我 们接近目的地的时候，有东西引起“我”的注意。故选 D 项。 3．B　根据下文的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很 快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。A 项意为“保证”；B 项意为“意识到”；C 项意为“决 定”；D 项意为“接受”。故选 B 项。 4．B　根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年 龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选 B 项。 5．D　根据下文中的“__8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the worn­out dress”可推知，他们无助地坐在垃圾堆旁边。故选 D 项。 6．C　根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选 C 项。 7．B　根据下文中的“She lived for the day... to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after... a __10__ future”可知，我们的生活差别很大。故选 B 项。 8．A　根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知， 当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选 A 项。 9．A　根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾， 从来不用担心生活。故选 A 项。 10．C　根据上文的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我” 也有一个有前途的未来。A 项意为“怀疑”；B 项意为“遥远的”；C 项意为“有前途的”；D 项意为“可预知的”。故选 C 项。 11．D　根据上文的内容并结合语境可推知，那位小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那 件破旧的裙子。A 项意为“礼物”；B 项意为“装饰”；C 项意为“要求”；D 项意为“财产”。 故选 D 项。 12．A　根据下文中的“I stepped out... the doll in her hand”可推知，看到这个 16 小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。A 项意为“赠送”；B 项意为“归还”；C 项意为“分发”；D 项意为“提交”。故选 A 项。 13．B　根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车 一停下来，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放在她的手里。故选 B 项。 14．B　参见上题解析。故选 B 项。 15．C　根据下文的“and wasn't certain what to do”和语境可推知，那个小女孩刚 开始惊讶地看着“我”。故选 C 项。 16．A　根据上文可知，那个小女孩一家无助地坐在垃圾堆旁边，并结合语境可推知，“我” 将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。A 项意为“希 望”；B 项意为“孤独”；C 项意为“焦虑”；D 项意为“震惊”。故选 A 项。 17．D　根据下文中的“Westoppedagain”可知，“我”回到车上，“我们”开车离开， 那时“我们”才意识到，那位小女孩正在后面追赶“我们”。故选 D 项。 18．A　参见上题解析，选 A 项。 19．C　根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了 “我们”。get along with“与……相处”；come along with“和……在一起”；catch up with“追上，赶上”。故选 C 项。 20．D　根据语境可知，小女孩直接看着“我”，说了两个简单的词——Thank You。故 选 D 项。 第二节 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了罗马帝国的陆路系统。 1．growth　考查名词。与该句中的定冠词“the”和“of”呼应可知，此处应用其名词 形式，填 growth。 2．efficiently　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填 efficiently。 3．covered　考查动词的时态。与语境中的“contained”呼应可知，此处指的是发生 在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，填 covered。 4．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中 作主语，修饰表示物的先行词 these roads，故填 which。 5．dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词短语 date back to 和句子主语 “The Law of the Twelve Tables”是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，填 dating。 6．to build　考查非谓语动词。command sb. to do sth.固定短语“命令某人做某 事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语，填 to build。 7．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处“preference”意为“偏爱”，可作可数名词， 其前无限定词修饰，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词，填 a。 8．On　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在石碑上”，故用介词 On。 17 9．wereconsidered　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，consider 和句子主 语“Roman roads”构成被动关系，且与时间状语“at that time”呼应可知，此处应用一般 过去时的被动语态，句子的主语为复数，故填 were considered。 10．avenues　考查名词的数。avenue 是可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故用其复 数形式，填 avenues。 课时练(三) 写作 第一节　短文改错 At 4：15 a．m., I woke up and found me ①myself awake in bed. Beijing, where I had come from, was already rather hot and dry in June. And I was longing for a relaxed ③relaxing holiday in a quiet place with mountain ④mountains and rivers. The night was so dark that I light ⑤lighted/lit a candle. And in the candlelight, I saw stars twinkling in the night sky. Late ⑥Later on, I looked into the darkness at the water and the woods cross ⑦across the river. Cool breeze blew from the surface of the water gentle ⑧gently . The world was silent, but ⑨and I walked quietly in the darkness as if afraid ∧ ⑩to disturb the peace of the place. ①me 改为 myself　句意为：凌晨 4 点 15 分，我醒来发现自己躺在床上。此处 found 的 宾语和主语同指一人，其宾语应用反身代词，故将 me 改为 myself。 ②删除 the　介词 in 后跟表示月份的名词时，中间不加定冠词，故删除 the。 ③relaxed 改为 relaxing　holiday 意为“假期”，指事物，应该用 relaxing 描述它的 特性，故将 relaxed 改为 relaxing。 ④mountain 改为 mountains　mountain 意为“高山；山岳”，为可数名词，根据其后的 “rivers”可知，此处指不止一座山，应用复数形式，故将 mountain 改为 mountains。 ⑤light 改为 lighted/lit　通读全文可知，本文描述的是过去的事情，且本句的主句 为一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时，故将 light 改为 lighted 或 lit。 ⑥Late 改为 Later　later on 为固定搭配，意为“过后，后来”，用作时间状语，常与 过去时连用，故将 Late 改为 Later。 ⑦cross 改为 across　分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词是 looked，此处应用介词短 语作“the woods”的后置定语，故将 cross 改为 across。 ⑧gentle 改为 gently　此处修饰谓语 blew，应用副词，故将 gentle 改为 gently。 ⑨but 改为 and　句意为：世界一片寂静，我在黑暗中静静地走着，仿佛害怕扰了这个 the 18 地方的宁静。根据前一分句中的 silent 及后一分句中的 quietly 可知，此处不是转折关系， 而是顺承关系，故将 but 改为 and。 ⑩在 afraid 后加 to　分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词，形容词 afraid 后应 跟不定式 to do，表示害怕的原因，故在 afraid 后加 to。 第二节　书面表达 【参考范文】 Dear Jerry， Knowing you are as enthusiastic about Chinese classics as me, I'm delighted to purchase some books together with you. Some details regarding the plan are as follows. To make good use of time, we'll assemble at the school gate at 8 o'clock on Sunday. Taking traffic factors into account, we can take the subway there, which can help us not only avoid the traffic peak hours, but also reach the destination effectively. Last but not least, I'm familiar with a history teacher whose knowledge about Chinese culture is more than profound. We can go to visit her if you have interest. I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua