【英语】2018届二轮复习：形容词学案（6页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习：形容词学案（6页）

‎2018届二轮复习 形容词 一. 形容词的语法功能 ‎ 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。形容词前加定冠词the，相当于一个名词。‎ 如He is a young Russian soldier. The film is interesting.‎ ‎ He likes to paint the wall pink. Lucy came to the party, happy.‎ ‎ The blind are taught how to do the work.‎ 温馨提示：1. 有些形容词通常作表语和补语，不能像普通形容词那样作前置定语，这样的形容词称为表语形容词。如alive, alone, asleep, alike, afraid, awake, ashamed, able, sure, ill, worth等；其作定语时后置。‎ ‎2. 有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，这样的形容词称为定语形容词，如golden, wooden, silken, live, elder, former, latter, front, back, outer等 二. 形容词的分类 ‎1. 性质形容词 外观：long, strong, big, round, fat, beautiful, old等 性质：good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent等 颜色：red, black, green, blue, white, brown等 情绪：happy, sad, sorry, nervous, anxious等 性格：kind, cruel, honest, foolish, lazy, rude等 状况：careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry等 评论：great, true, necessary, difficult, wrong等 ‎2. 关系形容词 地域：Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific等 质料：wooden, golden, plastic, metallic等 科技：electric, chemical, atomic, medical等 意识：communist, social, political, religious等 行业：industrial, agricultural, economic, military等 三. 形容词在句中的位置 ‎1. 单个形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，同种类形容词的排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况：‎ 和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词。‎ 如Jane Fyre is a moving English novel.‎ 音节少的形容词在前，音节多的形容词在后。如I have a small but beautiful room.‎ 不同种类的词同时出现在名词前作定语时，按以下顺序进行排列：冠词→限定副词→描绘性形容词→大小、长短、高低→形状→年龄、新旧→颜色→国籍、地区、出处→物质材料→用途、类别 + 名词。可归纳为：限定描绘大、长、高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。‎ ‎ 如The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present.‎ ‎ Tom likes that big blue plastic pencil box his brother gave him.‎ ‎ Our first few short English lessons were not difficult.‎ ‎ They bought a charming big round new black French wooden writing desk last year.‎ ‎2. 单个形容词作定语时，在下列情况之下，形容词应放在被修饰的词之后。‎ 形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything等时应后置。‎ 如I have something important to tell you. There is nothing dangerous here.‎ 形容词修饰表示度量的名词应后置。如The building is seventeen storeys high.‎ ‎ He is ten years old. The street is five hundred meters long.‎ 用and / or连接的两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调修饰语的作用。‎ 如Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.‎ ‎ You can take any box away, big or small.‎ 有些过去分词形容词作定语时应后置。如given，left，won，missed等。‎ 如None of the answers given were correct.‎ 表语形容词作定语时需后置。如alive，present，possible，afraid，alone，awake等。‎ ‎ 如He is the greatest writer alive.‎ ‎ He was the only person awake at the moment.‎ ‎ 温馨提示： 以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。如very much alone, fast alseep, wide awake, very much afraid, greatly ashamed 以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如the fast asleep boy， a somewhat afraid ‎ man ‎3. 形容词短语作定语时，需要后置。如He is a worker worthy of praise.‎ 四. 特殊的形容词 ‎1. 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词，如friendly，lovely，weekly，orderly，brotherly，lively，lonely，likely，deadly，earthly，leisurely ‎2. 复合形容词的构成 数词 + 名词（单数）。如one-child“独生子的”，two-hour“两小时的”， three-good“三好的”，20-fire“二十发的”，1,000,000-pound“百万英镑的”‎ 数词 + 名词（单数）+ 形容词。如three-year-old“三周岁的”，six-inch-tall“六英寸高的”，seven-foot-wide“七英尺宽的”，30-storey-high“三十层高的”，800-meter-long“八百米高的”‎ 数词 + 名词 + ed。如one-eyed, four-storeyed, two-faced, three-legged, four-footed 形容词 +（普通）名词。如full-time, second-hand, first-rate, large-scale, mid-term 形容词 + 名词 + ed。如kind-hearted, cold-blooded, ‎ ‎ noble-minded, warm-hearted, blue-eyed, middle-aged, red-lipped, good-tempered 形容词（副词）+ 现在分词。如good-looking, tired-looking, ordinary-looking, hard-working, easy-going, ever-lasting, quick-firing, well-meaning, far-teaching 形容词（副词）+ 过去分词。如new-born, well-dressed, ready-made, wide-spread, deep-set, hard-won, so-called, newly-built, quick-frozen 形容词（副词）+ 形容词。如dark-blue, light-green, all-round, wide-awake, red-hot, hardly-conscious 名词 + 现在分词（此时动词和名词间存在动宾关系）。如English-speaking, life-saving, mouth-watering, ocean-going, peace-loving, epoch-making, world-shaking, man-eating 名词 + 过去分词（此时名词和动词间存在主谓关系）。如hand-made, heart-broken, ice-covered, horse-drawn, state-owned 名词 + 形容词。如ice-cold, life-long, world-famous, snow-white, nation-wide, duty-free 名词 +（普通）名词。如X-ray, English-language