【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词学案（12页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词学案（12页）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 形容词和副词学案 形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点，以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。‎ ‎2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序，即指示代词/不定代词＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词＋特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。‎ ‎3．考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。‎ ‎4．考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。‎ 一、形容词和副词的基本用法 ‎1．形容词在句中的作用。‎ ‎(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。‎ ‎(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。‎ He was lying in bed，dead.‎ ‎(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：‎ He is an ill man.(错)‎ The man is ill.(对)‎ She is an afraid girl.(错)‎ The girl is afraid.(对)‎ ‎(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：‎ Tom is a twoyearold boy.‎ ‎2．副词在句中的作用。‎ 副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：‎ Obviously you are wrong.‎ 二、常用连接性副词的用法 ‎1．though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折意义。‎ ‎2．therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。‎ ‎3．meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。‎ ‎4．moreover“另外”，表示承接关系。‎ ‎5．however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。‎ ‎6．besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。‎ ‎7．instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。‎ 三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级 ‎1．平级比较 ‎(1)as＋形容词/副词原级＋as像……一样 ‎(2)as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as像……一样的……‎ ‎(3)as much＋a/an＋名词＋as和……一样是……‎ ‎(4)not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...不如……那样……‎ ‎①Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．‎ ‎＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)．‎ Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。‎ ‎②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.‎ 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。‎ ‎2．比较级 ‎(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..越……，越……‎ The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.‎ 你越仔细，你犯的错误越少。‎ ‎(2)the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词，表示“两个中较……的”。‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother.‎ 这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。‎ ‎3．比较级的修饰词 常见的修饰词有much，a lot，a great deal，far，even，a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑问句中)，具体的数据等。‎ He is much taller than Yao Ming.‎ 他比姚明高多了。‎ 但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级；最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：‎ The population of China is by far the largest in the world.‎ Africa is the second largest continent.‎ ‎4．几种带有否定词的比较句型 ‎(1)no better than表示“和……一样；实际等于……”。例如：‎ The patient is no better than he was yesterday.‎ 病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。‎ ‎(2)no more...than表示“同……一样不”。例如：‎ A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.‎ 鲸和马都不是鱼。‎ ‎(3)no less... than表示“和……一样；不逊于”。例如：‎ The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.‎ 写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。‎ ‎5．比较级表达最高级含义 ‎(1)“否定词＋比较级”有最高级的含义。‎ Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before。‎ 你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。‎ ‎(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。‎ 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 例如：朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)‎ ‎①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.‎ ‎②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.‎ ‎③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.‎ ‎④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.‎ ‎⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.‎ 四、倍数表达法 ‎1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ‎2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ‎3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B ‎4．the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ‎5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)‎ ‎①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.‎ ‎②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.‎ ‎③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.‎ ‎④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.‎ 五、形容词作定语时的位置 ‎1．通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：‎ Someone strange is asking to see you.‎ Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.‎ ‎2．else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：‎ No one else can answer the question.‎ ‎3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：‎ an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.‎ 考点一 形容词、副词的比较等级用法 例1．It may not be a great suggestion. But before ________ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.‎ A．a good one　　　　　　　　　 B．a better one C．the best one D．a best one ‎【解析】选B　句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选B。‎ ‎【变式探究】I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are ________ meaningful things to do.‎ A．less B．more C．the least D．the most ‎【解析】选B　句意：我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间，因为有更有意义的事可以去做。根据句意可知，此处应用meaningful的比较级形式，故选B。‎ ‎【举一反三】This is by far ________ movie that I have ever seen.‎ A．an inspiring B．a much inspiring C．the most inspiring D．the more inspiring 考点二 形容词、副词辨析 例2．（2017•天津）—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.‎ ‎ —I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.‎ A. busy B. active C. concerned D. available ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：--我想见怀特先生，我们有约。--对不起，他现在没空，因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌；B.积极，活跃；C关心；D.有空。根据语境，故选D。‎ ‎【变式探究】David is ________ animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.‎ A．curious about B．allergic to C．satisfied with D．fond of ‎【解析】选B　(be) curious about“对……好奇的”；(be) allergic to“对……过敏的”；(be) satisfied with“对……满意的”；(be) fond of“喜欢”。根据空格后面的so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house可知，戴维对动物皮毛“过敏”。‎ ‎【变式探究】The Forbidden City attracts a ________ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.‎ A．constant B．main C．powerful D．shallow ‎【解析】选A　句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors表示“络绎不绝的游客”。Constant“持续不断的”，符合句意。Main“主要的”；powerful“强有力的”；shallow“浅的”。‎ ‎【举一反三】Tony can hardly boil an egg, still ________ cook dinner.‎ A．less B．little C．much D．more ‎【解析】选A　句意：托尼几乎不会煮鸡蛋，更何况做饭呢。still less意为“何况，更不用说”，符合句意。‎ 考点三 倍数表达法 例3．This restaurant wasn't ________ that other restaurant we went to.‎ A．half as good as B．as half good as C．as good as half D．good as half as ‎【解析】选A　句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as＋比较成分。‎ ‎【变式探究】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one. ‎ A．as three times big as ‎ B．three times as big as ‎ C．as big as three times ‎ D．as big three times as ‎ 考点四 形容词作状语 例4． ________ , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.‎ A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic ‎【解析】选D　由后半句的“她用自己的微笑把阳光传播给人们”可知，她无忧无虑而且非常乐观。故选D项。‎ ‎1．（2017·江苏）Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart-phones defeated ____________ PCs in sales.‎ A. controversial B. contradictory ‎ C. confidential D. conventional ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. controversial有争议的；B. contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C. confidential机密的，秘密的；D. conventional传统的。句意：乔布斯去世仅仅五年后，‎ 智能手机在销量上就打败了传统的个人电脑。故选D。‎ ‎2．（2017·江苏） The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But ____________ explanations are hard to find.[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]‎ A. alternative B. aggressive ‎ C. ambiguous D. apparent ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。A. alternative可供替代的； B. aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；C. ambiguous 有野心的，耗时的；D. apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的，但是难以找到其它解释。故选A。‎ ‎3．（2017•天津）—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.‎ ‎ —I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.‎ A. busy B. active C. concerned D. available ‎【答案】D ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，63)The title will be ________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎【解析】1．officially　句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ________(great)and less importance.‎ ‎【解析】2．greater　句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，great应与less并列，故用比较级greater。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，47)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________(regular)．‎ ‎【解析】3．regularly　句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎4．gradually　句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。‎ ‎5．(2016·四川，62)Chinese scientists ________(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.‎ ‎【解析】5．recently　句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，63)She was a very ________(care)mother.‎ ‎【解析】6．caring/careful　句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he's ________(rely)．‎ ‎【解析】7．reliable　句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________(many)in the coming years.[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]‎ ‎1.(2015·江苏，31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (comprehension)review of the case.‎ ‎【解析】解析　句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive 综合的，广泛的。‎ ‎【答案】comprehensive ‎2.(2015·浙江，14)Listening is thus an active, not a (passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ ‎【解析】解析　句意：听是一种积极的，而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应，也要用形容词形式，一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的，消极的。‎ ‎【答案】passive ‎3.(2015·湖北，27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be (punctually).‎ ‎【解析】解析　句意：尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，想准时赶到，他必须快一点。作系动词be的表语要用形容词形式。punctual准时的。‎ ‎【答案】punctual ‎4.(2015·湖北，28)I don't think what he said is (relevance)to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.‎ ‎【解析】　句意：我认为他说的与我们正在讨论的主题无关。他跑题了。作系动词is的表语要用形容词形式。relevant有关的；贴切的。‎ ‎【答案】relevant ‎5.(2015·四川，7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the (good)he has ever got.‎ ‎【解析】　考查最高级和比较级。句意：Andy对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据句意应用最高级。‎ ‎【答案】best ‎6.(2015·四川，9)Little Tom sat (amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.‎ ‎【答案】amazed ‎7.(2015·安徽，26)I'm so (gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。be动词后跟形容词，be grateful to sb感激某人。‎ ‎【答案】grateful ‎8.(2015·福建，23)It was (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ ‎【解析】句意：为了避免我们担心，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词，considerate体贴的；考虑周到的。‎ ‎【答案】considerate ‎9.(2015·浙江，13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was (former)alive.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果我们知道一点食物来源的话，我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。此处作时间状语，故要用副词形式。formerly以前，从前。‎ ‎【答案】formerly ‎10.(2015·湖北，29)The girl used to be shy, but is (gradual)getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.‎ ‎【解析】句意：女孩一度很害羞，但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动，变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语get active要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地，逐步地。‎ ‎【答案】gradually ‎11.(2015·安徽，31)They gave money to the old people's home either (personal)or through their companies.‎ ‎【解析】句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是从个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。修饰动词的应为personally。‎ ‎【答案】personally ‎ 1.（2014浙江卷 ）4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.‎ A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive ‎【答案】C ‎2.（2014浙江卷 ）13. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______ .‎ A. blindly B. unwillingly C. closely D. carefully ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】副词blindly盲目地，没有目的地； unwillingly不愿意地；closely亲密地；紧密地；carefully细心地；句意：教育的目的是教会别人自己思考而不是盲目地追随他人。根据句意说明A正确。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎3.（2014大纲卷）27. Raymond’s parents wanted him to have ______ possible education.‎ A. good B. better C. best D. the best ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句义：Raymond的父母亲想要他得到最好的可能的教育。本句是常识，父母亲当然希望自己的孩子能够得到最好的教育，有最好的发展前途。故D正确。‎ ‎4.（2014大纲卷）34. Henry was away from home for quiet a bit and _____ saw his family.‎ A. frequently B. seldom C. always D. usually ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】副词frequently频繁地，经常地；seldom很少；always总是，一直；usually通常。句义：Harry已经离开家有一段时间了，他很少看见他的父亲。根据句义可知他已经离开家了，那么很少有和父亲见面的机会。故使用副词seldom表示否定。故B正确。‎ ‎5.（2014大纲卷）35. --- What did you do last weekend?‎ ‎ --- Nothing _____. ‎ A. much B. else C. ever D. yet ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题中的固定搭配nothing much没什么，很少；nothing else没有别的事情。句义：—上个周末你干嘛了？—我什么也没有做。根据句义可知表示的是否定含义。故A正确。‎ ‎6.（2014福建卷）24. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) way of reaching target customers.‎ A. temporary B. complex C. accurate D. efficient ‎【答案】D ‎7.（2014湖北卷）27. What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.‎ A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题主要考察的是形容词词义辨析。A糟糕的，可怕的，极坏的；B必要的；基本的；D留有深刻印象的；D明显的，显然的；句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象最深刻的是他赤脚得到了马拉松比赛的第一名。根据句意Jasmine Westland赤脚获得第一名，这是最让人难忘的事情。故C项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎8.（2014湖北卷）28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.‎ A. cautious B. grateful C. tolerant D. wild ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题主要考察形容词词义辨析。A谨慎的，小心的；B感激的：C宽容的；容忍的，忍受的；D野生的，野蛮的；句意：她并没有责备打破花瓶的那个孩子，相反她对他宽容地笑了一下，并让他离开了。根据Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase她并没有责备他，说明她很宽容。故C项正确。‎ ‎9.（2014湖北卷）29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.‎ A. dreadfully B. guiltily C. indirectly D. sharply ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题主要考察副词词义辨析。A可怕地，恐怖地；B有罪地；内疚地；C简接地；D严厉地，明确地；句意：Sabrina一说完她的话，Albert就手指着她严厉地说“不要这么苛刻吧！”根据“Don’t be so mean,”不要这么苛刻。以及pointing a finger of warning at her。说明Albert说话的语气很严肃。故D正确。‎ ‎10.（2014江苏卷）28. The idea "happiness," , will not sit still for easy definition.‎ A. to be rigid B. to be sure C. to be perfect D. to be fair ‎【答案】B ‎11.（2014江苏卷）32. I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be occupied.‎ A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。Also也；just只不过，仅仅；nevertheless 然而，不过；otherwise要不然；另外；句意：星期天我不能去接你了，另外我还会很忙。根据句意可知本句中的otherwise表示另外，另外方面。故D正确。‎ ‎12.（2014江西卷）23 Thanks for your directions to the house ; we wouldn’t have found it ___.‎ A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。nowhere任何地方都不，无处；however然而；otherwise否则，要不然；instead代替，而不是；句义：多亏了你房子的说明，要不然，我们会找不到的。本句实际上是一个含蓄条件句的虚拟语气，表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句使用的“情态动词+have done”，otherwise=if there had not been your directions to the house。故C正确。‎