2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二：有提示词类

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二：有提示词类

‎2020届二轮复习 短文语法填空解题技巧之二：有提示词类 ‎(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词 ‎1．考查谓语动词 解题攻略 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。‎ 典例1‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __65__(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.‎ 分析：分析句子成分可知， 该句缺少谓语，根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成时。故填have reported。‎ 典例2‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six __70__(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ 分析：此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。故填are。‎ 典例3‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __61__ (grow) more corn than rice.‎ 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。‎ ‎2.考查非谓语动词 解题攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。‎ ‎①作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。‎ ‎②作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。‎ ‎③‎ 作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语是主动关系， 用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。‎ 典例4‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by __67__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.‎ 分析：介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事回应。故填noting。‎ 典例5‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，__70__ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作状语。故填listening。‎ 典例6‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still 分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to ‎ reduce your risk of __63__ (die) early by running.‎ ‎ see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。‎ 典例7‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while __70__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while __70__ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。‎ ‎3．考查派生词 解题攻略 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。‎ 典例8‎ ‎(2019·6月浙江高考)Other American studies showed no __64__ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.‎ 分析：no用来修饰名词，此处用单复数形式均可。故填connection/connections。‎ 典例9‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __66__(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.‎ 分析：根据空格前的an interesting可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。‎ 典例10‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ 分析：decrease降低，减少，后接名词作宾语，故填pollute的名词形式pollution。‎ ‎ [技法汇总]　“一定三思”解“动词”‎ ‎(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词 解题攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。‎ 典例11‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many __67__(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.‎ 分析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。‎ 典例12‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__(cause)．‎ 分析：cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式causes。‎ 典例13‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __68__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.‎ 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。‎ ‎(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词 解题攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级、最高级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。‎ 典例14‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __62__ (poor)studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.‎ 分析：修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。‎ 典例15‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for 分析：修饰behind the ‎ meat is__63__(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.‎ ‎ change用形容词actual的副词形式actually。‎ 典例16‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__(long) than nonrunners.‎ 分析：句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。‎ 典例17‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the __63__(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.‎ 分析：由空前的the以及空后的of all可知要用最高级形式loudest。‎ 典例18‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even __66__(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ 分析：根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式worse。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。‎ ‎(四)低频考点：提示词为代词 解题攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。‎ 典例19‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __68__ (they) alive.‎ 分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词they的宾格形式them。‎ 典例20‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.‎ 分析：空后的mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。‎