【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题情态动词和虚拟语气学案（21页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题情态动词和虚拟语气学案（21页）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 情态动词和虚拟语气学案 情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1．考查情态动词的基本用法。如： can和could的用法及区别； will和would的用法及区别； must的用法； shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法； need的用法等。‎ ‎2．考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't; 语气较弱用may，might或can，could; (2)注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could; (3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构； 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。‎ ‎3．考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：‎ ‎(1)cannot/can't 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越……越……”“无论怎样……，……也不为过”“决不会……，……够(过)”。‎ ‎(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”。‎ ‎(3)would 和used to的区别； can 和be able to的区别。 ‎ ‎(4)“may/might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”； “may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是……的好”。‎ ‎(5)must意为“偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性； shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等； should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。‎ ‎(6)在句型 it is (high) time that中，从句谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟语气。‎ ‎4．考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise, without等。‎ ‎5．考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现象。‎ 第一部分、情态动词 一、can/could与be able to ‎1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：‎ My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.‎ They will be able to tell you the news soon.‎ He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.‎ ‎2．表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。‎ ‎—Could I have the television on?‎ ‎—Yes，you can./No，you can't.‎ 二、may与might ‎1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：‎ May I use your bicycle?‎ ‎2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。如：‎ According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.‎ ‎3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：‎ May good luck be yours!‎ 三、must与have to ‎1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。如：‎ He said that they must work hard。‎ 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)‎ My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.‎ 我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)‎ ‎2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。如：‎ You don't have to tell him about it.‎ 你不必告诉他那件事。‎ You mustn't tell him about it.‎ 你绝不能告诉他那件事。‎ ‎—Must we do it now?‎ 我们必须现在做吗？‎ ‎—No, you needn't.‎ 不，你们不必。‎ 四、shall ‎1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：‎ What shall he do next?‎ 他下一步干什么呢？‎ ‎2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：‎ He shall stay in bed.‎ 他必须躺在床上。‎ You shall have it back next week.‎ 下周一定还你。‎ He says he won't go, but I say he shall.‎ 他说他不去，但我说他必须去。‎ 五、will与would ‎1．will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：‎ If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.‎ 如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。‎ ‎2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：‎ An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.‎ 英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。‎ ‎3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：‎ On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.‎ 星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。‎ 六、should与ought to ‎1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：‎ You should learn from each other.‎ ‎2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：‎ Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.‎ ‎3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：‎ ‎—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎—They should be ready by 1200.‎ 七、情态动词表示推测 ‎1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。‎ It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.‎ 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。‎ Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?‎ 布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？‎ ‎—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.‎ ‎—There's no need to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.‎ ‎——Stephen，咱们一起拜访汤姆吧。‎ ‎——没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。‎ ‎2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。‎ The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?‎ 这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？‎ ‎3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。‎ ‎—It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.‎ ‎—Oh, sorry.‎ ‎——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。‎ ‎——噢，对不起。‎ ‎4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。‎ There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.‎ 因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。‎ 八、“情态动词＋have done”结构 ‎1．should/ought to＋have done，表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have＋done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。‎ I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.‎ 我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。‎ You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come?‎ 昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？‎ ‎2．must＋have done，用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示。‎ ‎—Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.‎ ‎—She must have gone through tough training.‎ ‎——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌。‎ ‎——她肯定受到严格的训练。‎ ‎—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—Well. He can't have gone far—his coat's still here.‎ ‎——你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。‎ ‎——大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。‎ ‎3．needn't＋have done，表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。‎ Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.‎ 马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。‎ ‎4．may/might＋have done，表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”。‎ Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.‎ 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。‎ ‎5．could＋have done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做了某件事”。‎ I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.‎ 我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。‎ 第二部分、虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法 虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 与现在事 实相反 过去式 ‎(be用were)‎ would/‎ should/‎ could/might do If he were here, he might be able to help.‎ What would you do if you were in his place？‎ 与过去事实相反 had done would/‎ should/‎ could/might have done If I had started a little earlier, I would have caught the train.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ 与将来事实相反 过去式 were to do/‎ should do would/‎ should/‎ could/might do If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.‎ I would certainly go if I had time.‎ ‎1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：‎ Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.‎ ‎2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：‎ I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.‎ ‎3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：‎ If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.‎ 二、“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气 这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。‎ ‎①Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.‎ 简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。‎ ‎②She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.‎ 她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。‎ 三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 If only/It's (high) time (that)．..‎ wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。‎ ‎①I wish I could fly.‎ 真希望我能飞。‎ ‎②I would rather you came tomorrow.‎ 我宁愿你明天来。[来源:学科网]‎ ‎③If only I had taken your advice!‎ 要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！‎ 考点一、考查情态动词 例1．【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。‎ ‎【变式探究】（2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. ‎ A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should ‎【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】A 考点二、考查情态动词的用法 例2. （2017•天津）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can ‎ do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。‎ ‎【变式探究】 (2016·北京，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me，I could have helped.‎ ‎【答案】had told　‎ ‎【变式探究】【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’ t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。‎ 考点三、考查虚拟语气 例3．（2017·北京）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。‎ ‎ 【变式探究】(2016·浙江，15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.‎ ‎【答案】Had　【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have ‎ fallen可知，这里是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。‎ ‎【变式探究】【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ A.didn’t write B. hadn’t written ‎ C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。 ‎ ‎1．（2017·北京）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should C. can D. need ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。‎ ‎2．（2017•天津）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎3．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎ A. It were B. Were it ‎ ‎ C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had ‎ I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。‎ ‎4． (2017·江苏卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。‎ ‎5．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。‎ ‎6．（2017·北京）If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A ‎1．(2016·浙江，15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.‎ ‎【答案】Had　‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。‎ ‎2．(2016·浙江，17)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.‎ ‎【答案】have gone　‎ ‎【解析】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't have done是对过去的否定推测。‎ ‎3．(2016·北京，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me，I could have helped.‎ ‎【答案】had told　‎ ‎【解析】句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词＋have done”形式。‎ ‎1.(2015·北京，29)—Can't you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It's getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——你不能再多待一会儿吗？——天要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家里。must必须。‎ ‎【答案】must ‎2.(2015·浙江，4)It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak.‎ ‎【解析】句意：太吵闹了，我们连自己说的话都听不到。can/could表示“能力，能够”。根据前面的was可知，此处要用过去时could。‎ ‎【答案】could ‎3.(2015·重庆，12)You be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.‎ ‎【解析】句意：你一定是Carol，这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定，表示推测，符合句意。‎ ‎【答案】must ‎4.(2015·陕西，21)You feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.‎ ‎【答案】may ‎5.(2015·四川，2)You be careful with the camera.It costs!‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。‎ ‎【答案】must ‎6.(2015·福建，27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad.You have made full preparations.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。——噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。考查情态动词＋have done的意义。根据上句的面试又失败了，可知是对过去事实的虚拟。should ‎ have done本应该做但是没有做。‎ ‎【答案】should ‎7.(2015·天津，7)I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ ‎【解析】句意：在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。needn't have done...本不必做的事做了。‎ ‎【答案】needn't ‎8.(2015·北京，34)If I (see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldn't have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎【答案】hadn't seen ‎9.(2015·重庆，7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ ‎【答案】wouldn't have written ‎10.(2015·陕西，23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.‎ ‎【解析】句意：艾伦是一位出色的舞者，我希望我能像他跳的那么好。考查虚拟语气。wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用did表示对现在事实的虚拟。‎ ‎【答案】danced ‎11.(2015·天津，13)I wish I (be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎【解析】句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差中。考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去发生过的事情的虚拟要用过去完成时。‎ ‎【答案】had been ‎12.(2015·安徽，32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.‎ ‎【解析】句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。考查虚拟语气。引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn't booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay ‎ now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would＋动词原形。‎ ‎【答案】would have ‎ 1.（2014浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.‎ ‎ A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come ‎【考点】考察虚拟语气 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本句考察的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad.因为前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词+have done”的形式。句意：在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。故A正确。‎ ‎2.（2014重庆卷 ）3. I’ve ordered some pizza , so we _____ worry about cooking when we get home tired.‎ A.can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may mot ‎【考点】考察情态动词 ‎【答案】C ‎3.（2014重庆卷 ）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ____ it?‎ A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing ‎【考点】考察虚拟语气 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】连词短语as if似乎，好像；其后面的从句有两种情况，如果是真的事情，就使用陈述语气；如果表示的是假的事情，就使用虚拟语气，其中与过去相反，使用“过去完成时”；与将来相反，使用过去将来时；与现在相反，使用一般过去时。句意：打破玻璃的是John，为什么你 和说话，好像是我打破了玻璃一样。根据前一句中的was说明打破玻璃是过去发生的事情，所以是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故使用过去完成时。故A正确。 ‎ ‎4.（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _____ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop. ‎ A. should B. need C. must D. can ‎ ‎【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】should应该，竟然；need需要；must必须，一定；非得，偏偏；can能够，可能，有时会…；句义：尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。根据句义可知can表示有时可能，有时会…；故D正确。‎ ‎5.（2014福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.‎ A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been ‎【考点】考察虚拟语气和省略 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在相反，if从句中使用“过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；在if被省略的时候，要使用部分倒装。句义：如果没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。故A正确。‎ ‎6.（2014湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.‎ A. were B. had been G. should be D. was ‎【考点】考察虚拟语气 ‎【答案】B ‎7.（2014湖南卷）25.— I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.‎ ‎—Do you mean we_____ bring anything with us?‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t D. needn't ‎【考点】考察情态动词 ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】本题考察的是情态动词意义辨析。can’t不可能；不能；mustn’t禁止，千万不能；needn’t不必；不需要；句义：—我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。—你是指我们不必带任何东西了？根据句义可知前者已经准备了一切食物，所以后者不需要带任何东西。故D正确。‎ ‎8.（2014江苏卷）31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.‎ A. might B. would C. should D. could ‎【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是情态动词的特殊意义。Might也许；would会，过去常常做某事；should应该，竟然；could能够；句意：让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。根据句意可知本句中的should表示“竟然”。故C正确。‎ ‎9.（2014江西卷）30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest __become the richest .‎ A. shall B. must C. need D. might ‎【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是情态动词辨析。Shall将要；must必须，一定；need需要；might也许；句义：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。根据前句：Life is unpredictable。说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。故D正确。‎ ‎10.（2014陕西卷）23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.‎ A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay ‎【考点】考察虚拟语气 ‎【答案】C ‎11.（2014陕西卷）25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?‎ A. need B. must C. should D. could ‎ ‎【考点】考察情态动词用法 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是“情态动词+have done”的用法。该结构既可以表示虚拟，也可以表示对过去情况的推测。Need have done本可以做某事，实际上却未做；must have done一定做了某事；should have done本应该做某事，实际上却未做；could have done可能做了某事/本可以做某事，实际上却未做；句义：我的书The House of Hales,不见了。可能是谁拿走了它呢？根据句义可知本句中的could have done表示“可能做了某事”。故D正确。‎ ‎12.（2014四川卷）6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.‎ A. might B. must C. would D. should ‎【考点】考察情态动词特殊用法 ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查情态动词。Might也许；可能；must一定，必须；非得，偏偏；would将要，会；过去常常；should应该，竟然；本句中的would表过去的习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常”，现在可能还会继续做下去。区别于used to do过去常常做某事，通常表示现在已经不这样做了。句意：我仍然记得我那幸福的童年，在那时我的母亲常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。其余三项与上下文语境不相符。故C正确。‎ ‎13.（2014天津卷）15. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.‎ A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught ‎【考点】考察省略和倒装以及虚拟语气 ‎【答案】D ‎ （2013·新课标I卷）29. The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. ‎ A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t ‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎ ‎【解析】此处would not用来表达：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生之意。即为“偏不”的意思。故C正确。句意：无论她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)6. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his ‎ own.‎ A. can B. must C. would D. Need ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。can have done sth可能已经做了某事；must have done sth一定已经做了某事；would have done表示与过去的事实相反；need have done sth本来需要做某事。句意“因为没有人给他任何的帮助，他一定是自己完成的那项研究。”根据句意可知，表示的是肯定的推测，用must，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】情态动词和虚拟语气。‎ ‎（2013·浙江）20.-----Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?‎ ‎ ------_______.Will pennies do?‎ A.I know B. Never mind C.I am sure D. Let me see ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：打扰一下，能麻烦您给我换些零钱吗？我看看，便士可以吗？通过will pennies do？可以判断出是选D。A 我知道，Ｂ没关系　C我确定 Ｄ让我想想，让我看看。let me see 除了表示让我看看，还可以译为让我想想。比如：how can I go to the nearest hospital? Let me see. Oh, go straight….‎ ‎【考点定位】情景交际 ‎ ‎（2013·浙江）8.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam____ at the age of six months old.‎ A.was B. be C. were D. is ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气。[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]‎ ‎（2013·浙江）3.I______ myself more－it was a perfect day.‎ A.shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C.wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：我实在是太开心了，真是很完美的一天。比较级与否定词连用表最高级，那么此处主要是看情态动词的选用了。A 本来不应该开心却很开心 B mustn’t后不会出现have done，搭配本身错误 C不会让自己更开心了 D不可能让自己更开心了（这是最开心的）比较级与否定词连用表最高级，还有类似的表达：I couldn’t agree with you more；it couldn’t be better…‎ ‎【考点定位】情态动词 ‎（2013·大纲卷）26. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.‎ A. can B. must C. would D. Need ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。can have done sth可能已经做了某事；must have done sth一定已经做了某事；would have done表示与过去的事实相反；need have done sth本来需要做某事。句意“因为没有人给他任何的帮助，他一定是自己完成的那项，.com研究。”根据，句意可知，表示的是肯定的推测，用must，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】情态动词和虚拟语气。‎ ‎（2013·北京卷)35. --- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.‎ ‎--- Well, I don’t know. It do.‎ A. might B. need C. would D. should ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据 I don’t know.可知，答句中含有不确定的口气，因此应当选择“可能”，即A项。句意为，----你不需要带雨伞，不会下雨的。----额，我不知道，有可能要下雨的。Need意为需要， would意为将要、会，should意为应当。其中would和should都有比较有把握，肯定的含义，故排除。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察情态动词的用法。‎ ‎（2013·北京卷)34. If we a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.‎ A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考察虚拟语气 ‎（2013·福建卷)30. —Do you think George has passed the driving test?‎ ‎—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.‎ A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气：句意：--你认为乔治通过驾驶测试了吗？--没有，如果这样的话，昨天他就会开车到大学了。这里的if so是隐含的虚拟条件句，相当于if he had passed the driving test表示虚拟条件句，主句是would have done（本来会做却没做）。选C ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎（2013·湖南卷)32. He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.‎ A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：当他寻找到他一直想找到的想法时，尽管他想睡，却不能睡着。表“能够”，用can/could。would “ 将，将要；愿意”；should“ 应该〔不问人称，表示义务，责任〕；大概是，有可能”；must“ 必须；必然要，一定”。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎（2013·江苏卷)30. I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.‎ A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：如果我知道你是严肃的话我就不笑了。本句意思是当时不知道所以笑了，表示与过去事实相反，用“had thought”表示对过去情况的虚拟 。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎（2013·江西卷)29. When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. need ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】 情态动词的考查（2013·四川)5. --Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept ‎ well last night.‎ ‎ A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't ‎---Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意：你眼睛怎么这么红？你昨晚一定没睡好吧。---我熬夜写报告。根据why are your eyes so red？可以得出对方一定没有睡好，故用can’t（不可能）。Mustn’t（禁止，不准）；needn’t（不必）；won’t（不会）。‎ ‎【考点定位】考察情态动词推测用法。‎ ‎（2013·天津卷)14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _____ able to speak it much better now.‎ A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：“如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，那么现在他就能说的更好了。”这是一个混合条件句，是虚拟语气。前一句话是对过去的假设(had spent)，后一句话是对现在的假设(now)。if条件句的虚拟有三种情况：对过去的虚拟，从句用had done，主句用could/would/might+have done；对现在的虚拟，从句用did，主句用could/would/might+do；对将来的虚拟，从句用did/were to do/should+do，主句用could/would/might+do。在这里，如果后面没有now这个时间标志，就填D。故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气一般用在三个地方：用在与事实相反的if条件句中，用来表示祝愿，用在表示建议的句中。‎ ‎（2013·天津卷)9. No one _____ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.‎ A. could B. must C. dare D. need ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词一定要关注虚拟用法、推测用法以及基本用法。我们也要关注下shall表示承诺、警告、命令、要挟等特殊用法。‎ ‎（2013·重庆卷)29. — It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.‎ ‎— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _______.‎ A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】题干I’m glad we took an umbrella.表明带了伞是事实，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句部分要用had/hadn’t done的形式。‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎（2013·重庆卷)26. — What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎— I’m not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert A. must B. would C. should D. might ‎【答案】D。‎ ‎【解析】本题的关键词是I’m not sure.既然不确定，那就是不能说必须，将，应该，排除选项A，B，C。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】本题考查情态动词。‎ ‎（2013·安徽卷)34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.‎ A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】情态动词 ‎（2013·安徽卷)28. I to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available ‎ A. went B. had gone ‎ C. would go D. would have gone ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：昨晚我本来会去参见我的表弟的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。“would+have+done” 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。结合语境可知选D。‎