【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句（4页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句（4页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句 ‎ 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 一． 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。‎ ‎1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：‎ ‎ a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。‎ ‎ b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我对你成功与否不感兴趣。‎ ‎ c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.　谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）‎ ‎ d) It is John that broke the window.　是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）‎ ‎2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 ‎(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句 ‎ It is a fact that … 事实是…‎ ‎ It is an honor that …非常荣幸 ‎ It is common knowledge that …是常识 ‎(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句 ‎ It is natural that… 很自然…‎ ‎ It is strange that… 奇怪的是…‎ ‎(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 ‎ It seems that… 似乎…‎ ‎ It happened that… 碰巧…‎ ‎ It appears that… 似乎…‎ ‎(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 ‎ It is reported that… 据报道…‎ ‎ It has been proved that… 已证实… ‎ ‎ It is said that… 据说…‎ ‎3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：‎ ‎（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。‎ ‎（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎ 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ‎ ‎ 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ‎ ‎（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎ 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ‎ ‎ 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ‎ ‎（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎ 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. ‎ ‎ 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. ‎ ‎（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ‎ ‎ 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ‎ ‎ 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?‎ ‎4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 ‎ what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：‎ ‎ a) What you said yesterday is right.‎ ‎ b) That she is still alive is a consolation ‎ ‎ 二．宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。‎ ‎1. 作动词的宾语 ‎ (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：‎ ‎ I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。‎ ‎ (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：‎ ‎ a) She did not know what had happened.　她不知道发生了什么。‎ ‎ b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.　我想知道你是否 ‎ 能帮我改一下笔记。‎ ‎ (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：‎ ‎ She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她对我说她会接受我的 ‎ 邀请。‎ ‎2. 作介词的宾语 ‎ Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.　我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。‎ ‎3. 作形容词的宾语 ‎ I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.　我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。‎ 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware,‎ ‎ certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。‎ ‎4. it 可以作为形式宾语 ‎ it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：‎ ‎ We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。‎ ‎5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 ‎ 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：‎ ‎ 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. ‎ ‎ 错误表达：I admire that they won the match.‎ ‎6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 ‎ 有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：‎ ‎ 正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man. ‎ ‎ 错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.‎ ‎7. 否定的转移 ‎ 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：‎ ‎ I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。‎ 三. 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：‎ ‎1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.‎ ‎2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.‎ ‎3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.‎ ‎4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.‎ 四. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。‎ ‎1. 同位语从句的功能 ‎ 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：‎ ‎ 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.‎ ‎ 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.‎ ‎2. 同位语在句子中的位置 ‎ 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：‎ ‎ He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.‎ ‎3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。‎ ‎(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：‎ ‎1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）‎ ‎2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎