2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（32）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（32）

阅读理解训练（32）‎ Passage 1 ‎ Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects’ hard outer shells. The material’s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major benefit fo the material is its biodegradability. Plastic’s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and ’60s. Decades later however, plastic’s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?         Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil.         Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.         Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They’re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They’re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. 1. Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk’s ____.     A. remarkable design     B. interesting name     C. major features     D. basic elements 2. What has become a concern about plastic?     A. Using it properly.     B. Producing it cheaply.     C. Developing its properties quickly.     D. Evaluating its contributions fairly. 3. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because ____.     A. it can help plastic degrade     B. it can be found in living things ‎ ‎    C. its mass production has been realized     D. its raw materials are abundant in nature 4. What are they inventors doing in the lab?     A. Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.     B. Testing shrilk’s use in wet conditions.     C. Making shrilk out of used household goods.     D. Improving shrilk’s flexibility for medical purpose. 5. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?     A. Recent Progress in Environmental Protection     B. Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research     C. The Harm of One-time Products     D. A Possible Alternative to Plastic 参考答案：CADBD 答案详解： 1. 主旨大意题。本段为总分总结构，所以很容易得出答案。 2. 细节理解题。从plastic’s very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.可得出答案。 3. 细节理解题。从Materials from which is made are plentiful in nature可得出答案。 4. 细节理解题。从ork on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. 可得出答案。 5. 主旨大意题。标题。本文为总分结构。从第一段可知答案。‎ Passage 2‎ Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?‎ The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.‎ The trip you take to work doesn’t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which ‎ signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what’s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day’s work is done.‎ So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We’d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we’d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer. ‎ ‎6. According to the author, we are more creative when we are _______.‎ A. focused B. relaxed C. awake D. busy ‎7. What does the author imply about newspapers?‎ A. They are solution providers.‎ B. They are a source of inspiration.‎ C. They are normally full of bad news.‎ D. They are more educational than websites.‎ ‎8. By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para. 2), the author means “_______”.‎ A. wander into the wild ‎ B. listen to a beautiful tune ‎ C. switch to the traffic channel ‎ D. stop concentrating on anything ‎9. The author writes the last paragraph in order to _______.‎ ‎ A. offer practical suggestions B. summarize past experiences ‎ ‎ C. advocate diverse ways of life D. establish a routine for the future ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，放松心情更有利于提高工作效率，更有利于解决创造性的解决问题；压力阻滞了神经细胞信号的传输，只会导致工作效率下降。‎ ‎6.B【命题立意】细节理解题。难度中等.‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第二段第三句中“…your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.”以及下文对压力阻滞了神经细胞信号的传输可知，放松使我们更具有创造性，故B项正确。‎ ‎7.C【命题立意】细节理解题。难度中等。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据第一段倒数第二句中“…the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disaters.”，可知报纸上总是充满了负面新闻，故C项正确。‎ ‎8.D【命题立意】词义猜测题。难度中等。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据语境可知，若一味集中注意力而无暇放松，将错失有创造性的解决问题的方法。D项意为“不将注意力故放在某事物上”，符合语境，故D项正确。‎ ‎9.A【命题立意】主旨大意题。难度中等。‎ ‎【解题思路】通读最后一段可知，该段主要讲述对如何放松心情提出一些建议，如 提早起身、洗热水澡、做深呼吸等等，故A项正确。‎ Passage 3 　　For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages．Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.‎ ‎　　Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.‎ ‎　　 Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.‎ ‎　　Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls people’s lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. ‎ ‎10．What does the writer try to express in Paragraph1?‎ ‎ A．Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages．‎ ‎ B．The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short．‎ ‎ C．The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams．‎ ‎ D．Man has been fond of travelling rather than staying in one place．‎ ‎11．How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph2?‎ ‎ A．By giving instructions． B．By analyzing cause and effect．‎ ‎ C．By following the order of time． D．By giving examples．‎ ‎12．According to Paragraph 3, passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains ‎ because______．‎ ‎ A．they pay less for the tickets ‎ B．they feel safer during the travel ‎ C．they can enjoy higher speed of travel ‎ D．they don’t have to waste time being “processed”‎ ‎13．What does the last sentence of the passage mean?‎ ‎ A．They could enjoy free and relaxing travel． ‎ B．They needed the clock to tell the time．‎ ‎ C．They preferred travelling on horseback． ‎ D．They could travel with their master．‎ ‎14．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A．Air travel benefits people and industries．‎ ‎ B．Train Travel has some advantages over air travel．‎ ‎ C．Great changes have taken place in modern travel.‎ ‎ D．The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.‎ ‎10.题答案:B考点：细节理解题 解析：由文章第一段第二句得知：比起从前需要步行从一个村庄走到另一个村庄的人，对于一个现代旅游者来说，国与国之间的距离显得不是那么远。A做飞机旅行加速了村庄的增长；B现代交通工具的速度使得地理距离相对减短；C移动的自由帮助人们实现他们的梦想；D人们喜欢旅游而不是呆在一个地方。答案选B。‎ ‎11.题答案：D考点：细节推断题 解析：根据文章第二段第四句到最后一句得知，作者描写到了坐船、坐火车和坐飞机的各自特点。所以作者是以D举例子来支持划线观点的。A通过介绍B分析原因结果C根据时间顺序。‎ ‎12.题答案：D考点：细节推断题 解析：根据文章第三自然段得知：在现代的飞机场，人们得花一定时间在走道上、行李称重、反复检票上；尽管花在离开和到达机场的时间被节省掉，传统的火车和船都会花费更多时间。难怪，现代高铁从飞机那里赢得了更多旅客。所以答案选D。‎ ‎13.题答案：A考点：语意猜测题 解析：最后一句话的意思是：人们可以随心去旅行而不用担心时间。A他们可以享受自由而放松的旅行B他们需要时钟来告知时间C他们更喜欢在马背上旅行D他们可以和他们的主人旅行。所以选A。‎ ‎14.题答案：D考点：主旨大意题 解析：文章最后一段得出，飞机带来高速的同时也带来了一些负面影响：太多人的工作生活需要依靠飞机这个行业，一些新型的企业也是根据飞机的设计和操作而被建立的；旅行者也不得不忍受拥挤的机场和有限的空间。A飞机旅行使得人们和企业受益；B火车旅行有一些胜过飞机旅行的优点；C现代旅行发生了巨大的变化；D飞机旅行的高速是有代价的。选D。‎ Passage 4‎ For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application). ‎ Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.‎ Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad. ‎ The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus. ‎ Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses. ‎ ‎“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt. ‎ The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money. ‎ Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. ‎ ‎15. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES? A. The machine will be a big success. B. their wives like doing the laundry.‎ C. The machine is unrelated to their life.‎ D. This kind of technology is familiar to them. ‎ ‎16. What can we learn about the new laundry machines? A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing B. They can be controlled with a smartphone C. They are difficult to operate D. They are sold at a low price ‎17. We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________. A. the app connection makes life easier B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning C. smartphone can shorten the drying time D. we should refresh clothes back at home ‎18. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? ‎ A. The laundry should be frequently checked B. Lazy people like using such machines C. Good technologies also cause problems ‎ D. Television may help do the laundry. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。介绍了一种可以用智能手机控制的洗衣机。手机安装下载的洗衣机应用程序，然后，手机就可以成为遥控工具，你在公共汽车上或是在上班都可以开、关洗衣机。‎ ‎15.【答案】C ‎【解析】根据文章第二段中的… “my wife already does that” was a common response…可以推断，大多人对于这种新型洗衣机不大感兴趣，因为大多都是妻子洗衣服。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查推理判断题。‎ ‎16.【答案】B ‎【解析】根据第一段中的…when your laundry is done via a smartphone app.可知，这种洗衣机是由智能手机操控的，因此选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查细节理解。‎ ‎17.【答案】A ‎【解析】根据第六段Samsung的发言人的举的例子可以推断，这种生活能让我们的生活更简单。所以选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查推理判断。‎ ‎18.【答案】C ‎【解析】从最后一段…is what all good technologies do—enable laziness可以得知，这种新型洗衣机和其他科技一样，也能让我们变懒，这是一个弊端。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查文章的主旨大意。‎ Passage 5 Welcome to your future life!‎ You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of look the same age !‎ You say to your shirt , ”Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes’color or pattern.‎ You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,” You shouldn't drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .‎ It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve . Such “smart technology” is all around you.‎ So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed,” says scientist Andrew Zolli ,”it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one example what will be the next?‎ ‎19.We can learn from the text that in the future__________.‎ A.people will never get old B.everyone will look the same C. red will be the most popular color D.clothes will be able to change their pattern ‎20. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?‎ A. Milk will be harmful to health.‎ B. More drinks will be available for sale.‎ C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.‎ D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.‎ ‎21. Which of the following is mentioned in the text?‎ A. Nothing can replace the Internet.‎ B. Fridges will Know what people need.‎ C. Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide.‎ D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.‎ ‎22.What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Food and clothing in 2035.‎ B. Future technology in everyday life.‎ C. Medical treatments of the future.‎ D. The reason for the success of new technology.‎ ‎【答案】DCBD Passage 6 Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solution?‎ ‎ Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact ‎ ‎ Studies show that the most crown GM crop.‎ GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.‎ Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christian, President of the US National Farm Coalition.‎ At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.‎ As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report ‎ concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.‎ ‎23.The author develops the second paragraph mainly . ‎ A. by classification B. by comparison ‎ C. by example D. by process ‎ ‎24. What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean? ‎ A. Control. B. Evaluate C. Obtain. D. Increase.‎ ‎25. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______________. ‎ A. practicing “green” farming B. use of less chemicals C. fair distribution of their crops D. using more crops for fuel ‎26. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?‎ A. Optimistic B. Defensive C. Disapproving D. Casual ‎【答案】CDBC Passage 7 ‎ Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.‎ In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.‎ Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?‎ Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.‎ ‎27. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .‎ A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.‎ B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in ‎ C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease ‎28.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?‎ A. Afraid. B. Curious.‎ C. Approving. D. Uninterested.‎ ‎29. How does the passage mainly develop?‎ A. By providing examples.‎ B. By making comparisons.‎ C. By following the order of time.‎ D. By following the order of importance.‎ ‎30. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A. To stress the role of dirt.‎ B. To introduce the history of dirt.‎ C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.‎ D. To present the change of views on dirt.‎ ‎【答案】CA CD Passage 8 A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant ‎ Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.‎ The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.‎ There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. ‎ Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six ‎ and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.‎ Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purpose .”‎ ‎31. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________. ‎ A. the Asian elephant B. the forest elephant ‎ C. the savanna elephant D. the mastodon elephant ‎ ‎32. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4means “________”‎ A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination ‎ ‎33. The researcher’s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s ____________ ‎ A. DNA B. height C. weight D. population ‎34. What were Alfred Roca’s words mainly about?‎ ‎ A. The conversation of African elephants. ‎ B. The purpose of studying African elephants ‎ C. The way to divide African elephants into two units ‎ D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants ‎35. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Naturalist’s Belief about Elephants. B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants ‎ C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants 科普说明文：African elephant 有两个不同的种类 ‎31. fossils 定位，找到第三段第一句，有两种fossils，mam和mas，选项D ‎32. 文中divergence of the two species指代前文the Ase and the Afe have been distinct species, divergence与distinct同义替换，对应选项C ‎33. conclusion, based on定位，找到倒数第二段最后一句lay in 与based on 同义替换，答案：A ‎34. AR定位，找到倒数第一段，从AR的话中，第一句for conservation purpose, 最后一句for conservation purpose确定A ‎35.文章首句点明全文主旨，答案：C Passage 9‎ ‎ Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very ‎ often asked.‎ ‎ Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.‎ Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.‎ ‎ Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.‎ While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.‎ While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.‎ ‎36. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?‎ ‎ A. To express his doubts.‎ ‎ B. To compare different ideas.‎ ‎ C. To introduce points for discussion.‎ ‎ D. To describe the conditions on Earth.‎ ‎37. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?‎ ‎ A. Humans are nature-born to do so.‎ ‎ B. Humans have the tendency to fight.‎ ‎ C. Humans may find new sources of food.‎ ‎ D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.‎ ‎38. The underlined word“spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.‎ ‎ A. survival chances B. potential resources ‎ C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions ‎39. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?‎ ‎ A. O ur genetic makeup. B. Resources on the earth..‎ ‎ C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration.‎ ‎40. Which of the statements can best sum un the passage?‎ ‎ A. Space exploration has created many wonders.‎ ‎ B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.‎ ‎ C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. ‎ 解析：‎ ‎36. 推理判断题。答案选C。文章是典型的议论说明文，是提出问题，分析问题的套路。第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论。并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点，所以AB不对。D偏差较远。‎ ‎ 37. 主旨题。答案选A。第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段尾。Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. 主要原因在于人类基因。Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. 而B选项错在fight这个词。CD没提及。‎ ‎38. 词义猜测题。选C。根据spin off 前面的we have already benefited from other spin off 关键词 benefit，受益。而spin off后面的including … 说的全是获得的利益，如improvements in earthquake prediction. 地震预测的进步等等，而不是什么生存机会，或者潜在资源。所以选C。‎ ‎39. 细节题。答案选C。按照问题顺序一致原则，答案应当出现在最后两段。在最后一段的首句我们找到了一个极端词用以定位。While earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.直接由翻译可知，人类的适应能力使我们在其他星球的居住成为可能。‎ ‎40. 推理判断题。选D。除去前两段引入，第三段主旨句（首句）的意思是每个文明都会探索周围文明以减低危险，第四段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得我们能够发现潜在能源。第五段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得很多人发现解决问题的有用资源。总的来说，就可归结为，太空探索可以帮助我们很多，避免很多问题。‎ Passage 10 We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?‎ Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who”invented”what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the”why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,”When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”‎ So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the ‎ idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City.The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the winshield,she found hersefe wondering why there couldn’t be a buolt-in devic for cleaing the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would contral an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?‎ ‎41.By mentionong “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless inventions are .‎ A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous B. beneficial,though their inventors are less famous C.not useful, because their inventors are less famous D. not useful, though their inventors are famous ‎42.Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.‎ A. add colour and variety to students’ campus life B. inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University ‎【答案】从第一段前两句可知，体育锻炼可减少中年人得某些疾病的可能性，因为运动可加强心肌功能，防止肌肉转化为脂肪，有助于减肥。‎ ‎41.D根据课文最后一段第三句可知，老年人容易骨折是因为他们比其他人缺钙。‎ ‎42.C通读全文可知，身体锻炼适合任何年龄段，儿童、中年、老年无一例外。‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 11 ‎ Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older．But this is not true，according to Dr．Lissy F．Jarvik，professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at the University of California，Los Angeles，and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital．She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years.For example，one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old．As Dr．Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s，their minds did not generally decline(下降)as was expected．‎ However，there was some decline in their psycho-motor(精神运动的)speed． This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to．But when speed was not a factor，they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years.In general，Dr．Jarvik’s studies have ‎ shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability．This is true not only into the 30s and 40s，but into the 60s and 70s as well．‎ As for learning new things，and ability to remember，studies by Dr．Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young．It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was．However，much of what we call“loss of memory”is not that at a11．‎ In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to decline，it is not necessarilv a sign of a decay due to becoming old or“senility”．Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state．This depression usually can be got rid of by counseling(咨询)with a psychologist，or medicine which fights depression.‎ In American society，when an older person loses something，we tend to call him or her“senile”．But notice that when a younger person loses something，he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory．He finds some other excuse!‎ ‎43.A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that the only factor that declined over the years was .‎ A、mental health B、intellectual ability ‎ C、the amount of knowledge D、psycho-motor speed ‎44、According to Dr．Jarvik’s studies，middle-aged and older persons should expect to .‎ A、reason better B、learn fewer new things C、remember less D、1ose little ability to remember ‎45.The word“senility”most likely means .‎ A、excellent health B、weakness in body and mind because of old age C、occasional forgetfulness D、giving up one’s life ‎46.Both younger and older persons should realize that .‎ A、a sign of a decay due to old age or“senility’’is a common thing B、older persons are wiser than younger ones because of different knowledge amount C、senility or mental decay due to aging is much less common than most of us believe D、a sign of a depressed emotional state is not a reason of decay ‎【答案】‎ ‎43.D由第二段第一句可知，被跟踪调查的136对双胞胎只是精神运动速度有所减慢。‎ ‎44.D从文章第二、三段可知，中老年的记忆、推理能力不会有多少衰退。‎ ‎45.B文中“senility”前的“a sign of decay due to old”即是其解释。‎ ‎46.C通读全文可知，老年智力衰退并没有我们想的那么普遍和严重。‎ Passage 12 Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are ‎ treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.‎ ‎    The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.‎ ‎    The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.‎ ‎    Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.‎ ‎    Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.‎ ‎    Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs.‎ ‎ Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.‎ ‎    Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney‎, ‎Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.‎ ‎    Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.‎ ‎47. What does the passage mainly discuss?‎ ‎  A. How to use the mind against disease.‎ ‎  B. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.‎ ‎  C. Responses from the medical world.‎ ‎  D. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.‎ ‎48. How does psychological therapy work?‎ ‎  A. The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.‎ ‎  B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems.‎ ‎  C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.‎ ‎  D. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.‎ ‎49. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?‎ ‎  A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.‎ ‎  B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.‎ ‎  C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.‎ ‎  D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.‎ ‎50. The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that             .‎ ‎  A. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it ‎  B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells ‎  C. the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed ‎  D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them ‎51. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to             .‎ ‎  A. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases ‎  B. help the patients with chronic diseases ‎  C. help change some bad habits ‎  D. help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）‎ ‎52. According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?‎ ‎  A. The value of mental therapy.‎ ‎  B. The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.‎ ‎  C. The working principle of suggestion therapy.‎ ‎  D. The importance of psychology in medical treatment.‎ ‎【答案】ACBCDC Passage 13 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But ‎ do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. ‎ As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.  ‎ ‎ Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers' contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. ‎ ‎ To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.  ‎ ‎53.Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true? ‎ ‎ A. To make jobs more varied. ‎ ‎ B. To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way. ‎ ‎ C. Degree of work contribution. ‎ ‎ D. Demands for longer working hours.  ‎ ‎54. Why do workers want more money?________‎ ‎ A. Because their jobs are too boring. B. In order to enjoy more spare time. ‎ ‎ C. To make their jobs more interesting. D. To demand shorter working hours.  ‎ ‎55.The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers' jobs more interesting, ______. ‎ ‎ A. they will want more money ‎ ‎ B. they will demand shorter working hours ‎ ‎ C. more money and shorter working hours are important factors ‎ ‎ D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them  ‎ ‎56 . In this passage, the author tells us _______. ‎ ‎ A. how to make the workers more productive ‎ ‎ B. possible factors leading to greater efficiency ‎ ‎ C. to a certain extent more money lead to greater productivity ‎ ‎ D. how to make workers' jobs more interesting  ‎ ‎【答案】 DADB Passage 14 Running like the wind, roaring like thunder, tigers have long been feared and respected as a king of the animal world．But last week a report said that there are no more than 30 wild tigers left in south China．‎ ‎ This was the conclusion of a team of scientists from China's State Forestry Administration and the World Nature Fund．‎ ‎ The South China tiger, also known as the Chinese tiger, is native to southern China．In the 1950's, there were over 4000 tigers found in mountain forests in the country．But due to the destruction of their natural habitat and uncontrolled hunting, it has been pushed on to the list of the world's top ten most endangered species．‎ ‎ Sixty-six of the big cats can be found in the cages of a dozen zoos around China．But they are nothing like their wild cousins．They have lost their natural skills such as hunting and killing．If they were set free they could not look after themselves．‎ ‎ "Breeding has damaged the quality of the species", said Pei Enle, deputy director of the Shanghai Zoo．‎ ‎ To reintroduce the species into the wild, the country started a programme to send five to ten young tigers to South Africa．Four of them have already arrived．Progress has been made as two elder tigers have recovered some of their instincts（本能）and can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base．‎ ‎ " South Africans are very experienced in reintroducing big animals to the wild．The country has very good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in", said Lu Jun, office director of the National Wildlife Research and Development Center．" We tried in Fujian Province, but it was not successful as there was not a complete eco-chain（生物链） and there was a lack of space．"‎ The tigers should return to China in 2007 when the reservations in Fujian are ready．‎ ‎57．What is the main reason for the South China tiger becoming one of the world's top ten most endangered species?‎ ‎ A．Because it has lost its natural instincts． B．Because there is not a complete eco-chain．‎ ‎ C．Because there is no space for it． D．Because uncontrolled hunting has destroyed its natural living conditions．‎ ‎58．How is the programme of sending several tigers to South Africa getting on?‎ ‎ A．Its effect still remains to be seen．‎ ‎ B．Two tigers can already compete with their wild cousins．‎ ‎ C．Some of the tigers are already on the road to recovering their natural skills．‎ ‎ D．The tigers should be able to recover their instincts completely by 2007．‎ ‎59．By saying " but they are nothing like their wild cousins", the writer means that ______．‎ ‎ A．they are no longer feared by other wild animals ‎ B．they don't know how to hunt or kill ‎ C．a complete change has resulted in the species because of breeding ‎ D．to reintroduce them into the wild has become an urgent task ‎60．What is the purpose of sending young tigers to South Africa?‎ ‎ A．To help the tigers recover their ability to live in the wild．‎ ‎ B．To provide them with a better environment．‎ ‎ C．To get the tigers to go on a tour．‎ ‎ D．To find a complete eco-chain for them．‎ ‎61．Which one is not the reason for South Africa being chosen as the training place?‎ ‎ A．Because the tigers can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base．‎ ‎ B．Because South Africans are skilled at dealing with the tigers．‎ ‎ C．Because there is a complete eco-chain and enough space there．‎ ‎ D．Because the country has good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in． ‎ ‎【答案】DCBAA Passage 15 A study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions (分散注意) can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough. Moreover, it finds, the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what we’re eating doesn’t necessarily end when a meal is over. ‎ ‎ Rose Cooper from England, and her colleagues gathered 22 men and an equal number of women for an experiment. Each person dined alone, continuously receiving nine small shares of food items. These ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots, cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls. ‎ ‎ Because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness, the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computer—and to gain as many wins as possible at the “card” game. Everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal. ‎ ‎ According to their instructions, the participants ate all of the food given to them. Yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had. Game players also swallow down twice as many cookies, almost an hour later, when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted (in the name of a taste test). The British scientists present their findings in the February American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.‎ The real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking. It appears, the scientists say, that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies. ‎ Interestingly, eight years ago, Britta Barkeling of Huddinge University in Stockholm and her colleagues reported somewhat related findings. Their 18 overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch, on one day—because they were blindfolded. Compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on, these people consumed only three quarters as many calories. Yet even hours afterward, they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates.‎ Of course dining in the dark isn’t practical. And sometimes what we eat doesn’t really invite our absolute attention. But there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources, a risk to our waistlines—and a costly threat to health. ‎ ‎62. Rose Cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order to _______.‎ A. show that all the people enjoy snacks B. prove that playing computer games is harmful while dining C. find possible effects of distraction on fullness D. test the impacts of eating snacks on different people ‎63. Which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining?‎ ‎ A. Viewing your food. B. Blindfolding your eyes. ‎ C. Playing computer games. D. Eating by oneself.‎ ‎64. The reason why distracted eating influences snacking may be that ________.‎ A. you eat less in that case B. you are cheated by your memory C. you have consumed more calories D. you digest what you’ve eaten faster ‎65. We can conclude from the passage that ________.‎ A. distracted eating may damage your health B. eating snacks will make you feel full C. Britta became famous because of the experiment D. playing is more important than what we eat ‎【答案】ＣＢＢＡ