【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之主旨大意题学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解之主旨大意题学案

主旨大意题——标题归纳题 ‎(建议用时：25分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·浙江五校联考)Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there was also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many humaninterest stories during my career. That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.‎ When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.‎ The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.‎ The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。‎ ‎1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?‎ A．They volunteered to make bread for their community.‎ B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.‎ C．They felt sorry that they couldn’t escape from the store.‎ D．They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。故选A项。‎ ‎2．Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last paragraph?‎ A．Fortunate.　　　　　　　 B．Hopeful.‎ C．Shallow. D．Desperate.‎ D　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的意思与positive相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。故选D项。‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.‎ B．Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.‎ C．The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.‎ D．The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。故选B项。‎ ‎4．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in ‎Houston B．Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster C．All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in ‎Houston D．Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane ‎Harvey D　解析：标题归纳题。根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。故选D项。‎ B Every year between May and September, all 54 employees of Basecamp, a Chicagobased web application company, have a short work week: just four days—a total of 32 hours. Also, they usually work five days a week for the rest of the year.‎ ‎“That’s plenty of time to get great work done. This is all we expect and all we want from people，” says Jason Fried, a cofounder. “Working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”‎ The company’s summer workload must fit reduced hours, Mr.Fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a shorter week—to recover from work, enjoy time with family and pursue(追求) outside interests—would be undone.‎ His new research finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees’ physical and mental health. It is also the intensity(强度) of work. Moreover, it suggests that intense work harms career prospects. That is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, ‎ reducing the quality of the work.‎ The research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to the work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”．‎ The research compared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。‎ ‎5．What do we know about Basecamp’s fourday work week?‎ A．It lasts nearly half a year.‎ B．The work pressure is too high.‎ C．There are some management problems.‎ D．Employees work more than 8 hours a day.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：只有四天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间。故选A项。‎ ‎6．What does Mr.Fried intend to say in paragraph 2?‎ A．Given plenty of time, people can do more.‎ B．To get work done well needs plenty of time.‎ C．People can do a job very well in a short work week.‎ D．A long work week is appropriate for reduced workload.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作五六十个小时，甚至七十几个小时是没有必要的。如果真这么做了，反而会出现管理上的问题，由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。‎ ‎7．What does the research mentioned in the text want to tell us?‎ A．Getting much more rest.‎ B．Improving work quality.‎ C．Refusing a fiveday work week.‎ D．Avoiding working too intensely.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的the research可定位到第四至六段。通读这几段，尤其是第四段可知，这个新研究发现长时间工作不只对员工的身心健康有害，‎ 工作的强度也会影响员工的职业前景。这是因为难以忍受的工作时长和工作强度会降低工作质量。第五六段进一步说明了长时间高强度工作的坏处。由此可以推知，该研究是建议人们要避免高强度工作，故选D项。‎ ‎8．What can be the best title for this passage?‎ A．More Work, More Profits B．Less Work, Less Benefits C．Shorter Week, Better Reward D．Longer Hours, Higher Intensity C　解析：标题归纳题。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp为例，说明了较短的工作周的好处。除此之外，还介绍了一项有关工作时长和工作强度对人的影响的研究，由此更进一步印证了较短工作周对人身心方面的益处。因此C项最能概括全文内容。‎ C It’s common knowledge that some countries have higher life expectancies than others, but the city you live in can also affect your health.‎ Some cities are hard on their residents. In places with poor city planning, for example Lagos, which was called out recently by the Economist Intelligence Unit, public spaces are few, making outdoor activities hard. Lack of infrastructure(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long hours for little money.‎ These are just some of the factors added up by Spotahome, a rental agency. They’ve analyzed data from a range of sources, including the World Health Organization, TripAdvisor and the CIA World Factbook to score each city on health, gym availability and quality, life expectancies, obesity, green space and other elements to make a list to work out which are the world’s healthiest cities.‎ The list is certainly Eurocentric and sunshine is seen as a positive factor. It does go some way toward suggesting which cities are getting it right in providing a good life for their residents. It may not be surprising to learn that most of the healthiest cities are in northern Europe, known for its peoplefirst approach to city planning. The cities of Australia and Canada also do well. However, the first American city is only in 34th place. The U．K. doesn’t fare too well either—its only city in the top 50 list is London, in 40th. ‎ Whether you’re planning a wholesome holiday, or simply wondering what your city can do better in its quest for happy citizens, the list of the 50 healthiest cities will give you pause for thought about the future of city planning. Here are the slender, healthyeating, cleanaired cities that are getting it right.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者们通过调查发现城市建设会影响居民的健康。通过分析健康、绿化、预期寿命等因素，研究者们还列出了一个世界上最健康的城市的清单。‎ ‎9．What plays the key role in building a healthy city according to the text?‎ A．Local culture.‎ B．City planning.‎ C．Economic condition.‎ D．Geographical position.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，大家都知道一些国家比其他国家拥有更高的预期寿命，但是人们居住的地市也会影响人们的健康，即城市规划在创建一个健康城市方面扮演着一个很重要的角色，故选B项。‎ ‎10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?‎ A．How the list of the healthiest cities came into being.‎ B．What Spotahome discovered in the recent study.‎ C．The reasons why Spotahome carried out the study.‎ D．The places where the data of the study came from.‎ A　解析：段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了研究者们通过从各种来源中分析数据，然后根据健康、体育设备的利用率和质量、预期寿命、肥胖指数、绿化方面和其他的一些因素对每个城市进行打分来制订清单并列出世界上最健康的城市。由此可知，本段主要介绍了这份最健康城市的清单是怎样形成的，故选A项。‎ ‎11．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Cities in America lack enough sunshine.‎ B．The U．K. ranked higher than America in the list.‎ C．Australia and Canada have the best city planning.‎ D．Some people in Lagos may live a poor life.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Lack of infrastructure(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long hours for little money.”可知，在拉各斯，一些居民可能过着贫穷的生活，故选D项。‎ ‎12．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Best Places to Have a Rich Life ‎ B．The Happiest Lifestyle in the World C．The City Factors Affecting Your Health D．The Nice Countries to Keep Healthy C　解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市建设对居民健康的影响，故选C项。‎ 主旨大意题——文章大意题 ‎(建议用时：25分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·浙江部分重点中学联考)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.‎ Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla’s mom were concerned, but their ideas didn’t work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasn’t sinking in.”‎ Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.‎ The class loved their teacher’s new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms. Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.‎ In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district’s Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.‎ Prisilla’s mother, Maria, said that Grimm’s thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn’t believe it—she did something I wouldn’t have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。‎ ‎1．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?‎ A．She wasn’t satisfied with her teacher.‎ B．She couldn’t concentrate in class.‎ C．She was laughed at by her classmates.‎ D．She couldn’t get on well with others.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。‎ ‎2．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?‎ A．Praise from her students.‎ B．Devotion to her students.‎ C．Request of Prisilla’s mother.‎ D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。‎ ‎3．What can we know about Grimm?‎ A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.‎ B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.‎ C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.‎ D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“‘I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，’ she said.”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．How Grimm helped her student out.‎ B．What problem Prisilla had at school.‎ C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.‎ D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.‎ A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项正确。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　I couldn’t believe it—she did something I wouldn’t have the bravery to do.(最后一段第四句)‎ 分析：句中“I wouldn’t have the bravery to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。‎ 译文：她做了连我都没有勇气去做的事儿，我难以相信。‎ B Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.‎ ‎“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.‎ He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinesespeaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.‎ Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.‎ ‎“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”‎ Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.‎ At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。‎ ‎5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?‎ A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.‎ B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.‎ C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.‎ D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas希望中国普通话能够对他今后职业发展的道路有所帮助。故选B。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “edge” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”．　‎ A．a slight advantage　　　　 B．the outside limit C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，许多专家同意熟练掌握一种被全球10亿人说的语言将会给美国学生在全球经济方面带来优势。故选A。‎ ‎7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?‎ A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.‎ B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.‎ C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.‎ D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an ‘important needs’ language and provides professional development programs for teachers.”可知美国政府对于中国普通话的重视，将中国普通话归类为“重要需求”‎ 并为教师提供职业培训项目，促使更多的学生学习中国普通话。故选C。‎ ‎8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?‎ A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.‎ B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.‎ C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.‎ D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.‎ A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要介绍了美国学生学习中国普通话的热情升温的现象，并分析出现该现象的背景和原因。故选A。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.(第三段第二句)‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the high school junior；句中“it will be important for his career”是省略了that的宾语从句，作及物动词think 的宾语。‎ 译文：尽管对于这个计划学习计算机工程的高中三年级学生来讲，这是门很难掌握的语言，但是他认为这对他的职业来讲将会是重要的。‎ C Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.‎ Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.‎ Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.‎ Thinking about events in this__way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.‎ The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.‎ So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。‎ ‎9．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?‎ A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.‎ B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.‎ C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.‎ D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。‎ ‎10．The underlined part “this way” in paragraph 4 refers to “________”．‎ A．setting up tough deadlines B．following schedules strictly C．counting in smaller units of time D．imagining how your future self will feel C　解析：推理判断题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。‎ ‎11．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?‎ A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.‎ B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.‎ C．Thinking about faroff events in days rather than years.‎ D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。‎ ‎12．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．A way to get things done in time.‎ B．The harmful effects of procrastination.‎ C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.‎ D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.‎ A　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years.(第五段第一句)‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。whether引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语；if引导条件状语从句；“a certain event was happening in several days rather than years”是省略了that的宾语从句，作told的宾语。‎ 译文：研究人员也试图弄清楚如果人们被告知某事将在几天后而不是几年后发生，他们是否会更快采取行动。‎ 主旨大意题——段落大意题 ‎(建议用时：25分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·嘉兴高中学科基础测试)I read a newspaper article about a new concept. The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents(住户) eat lunch together and share activities such as music, painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading stories to the children and, if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a hug.‎ Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. It’s a major problem in many societies.‎ That’s why intergenerational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful actions all over the world. Using young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools is another. One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight. The young people help with practical things such as writing letters, reading bank statements and helping with shopping, and the older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors. For example, a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law.‎ But it isn’t only the individuals concerned who gain from intergenerational activities. The advantages to society are huge too. If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, there will be less conflict in a community. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won’t be so sad after all.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention the newspaper article he read?‎ A．To argue for a new concept.‎ B．To show his interest in the topic.‎ C．To introduce the topic of the text.‎ D．To draw our attention to a social problem.‎ C　解析：写作意图题。根据第一段第二句“The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.”可知，作者在报纸上读到的那篇文章主张将养老院和幼儿园结合起来，将它们建在一起；再根据后面作者所讲述的内容可判断出，作者之所以提到那篇文章是为了引出要讲的话题。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎2．What is the purpose of the intergenerational programs?‎ A．To provide a good job opportunity for the young.‎ B．To bring the old and the young together.‎ C．To teach the young to respect the old.‎ D．To ask the old to care for the young.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. It’s a major problem in many societies.”和第三段第一句“That’s why intergenerational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world.”可知，目前没有祖父母照顾的孩子的数量以及没有机会和孩子联系的老人的数量都在增加，这是一个很大的问题，而代际计划就是为了解决这一问题的。由此可判断出代际计划的目的是使老人和孩子生活在一起。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?‎ A．The reasons why intergenerational programs enjoy popularity in the world.‎ B．The intergenerational programs’ benefits to individuals.‎ C．The intergenerational programs all over the world.‎ D．The examples of intergenerational activities.‎ D　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可判断出，本段主要介绍的是一些代际活动的例子。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Building Bridges for the Old and the Young B．A New Concept in Caring for the Old Is Born C．Offering a Warm Home for the Young D．Being Old Is No More Sad A　解析：标题归纳题。通过全文可知，本文主要讲述的是：如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。A项体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标题。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight.(第三段第五句)‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词old people。‎ 译文：伦敦的一项成功的方案是将年轻的志愿者与视力渐失的老年人配对组合。‎ B World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.‎ The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.‎ The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India, and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution. It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.‎ World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，并呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。‎ ‎5．Why is World Environment Day set up?‎ A．To make people know more about nature.‎ B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.‎ C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.‎ D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。从第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our ‎ planet is safe”可以看出，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并多学会些方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全。故选B。‎ ‎6．What do people do on World Environment Day?‎ A．Decide a host city.‎ B．Hold a theme party.‎ C．Discuss environmental ideas.‎ D．Show some plastic products.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。‎ ‎7．Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in paragraph 3?‎ A．Highcost.　　　　　　　 B．Poorquality.‎ C．Secondhand. D．Singleuse.‎ D　解析：词义猜测题。从第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which makes up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．Every bit of effort counts.‎ B．Doing is better than saying.‎ C．Many hands make light work.‎ D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.‎ A　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doing is better than saying“行胜于言”；Many hands make light work“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness.(第二段第二句)‎ 分析：本文是一个主从复合句。where引导一个定语从句，修饰a host city，在这个定语从句中又有一个who引导的定语从句，followed by是过去分词短语作伴随状语。‎ 译文：每年联合国都会选择一个主题和主办城市，在那里任何关心环境的人都可以与别人谈论环境话题，之后还有不同种类的展品展出以提高(人们的)环境意识。‎ C At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowance on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.‎ Set up in 2012, the bank is the world’s first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.‎ The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, which, thanks to Jose’s efforts, pay a higherthanmarket rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and make it continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，” Jose recalls. “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”‎ The boy’s efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the ecobank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3，000 students, aged 10 to 18, to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.‎ Not surprisingly, Jose’s efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Children’s Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $ 5，500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。当其他的孩子把零花钱花在糖果和玩具上时，七岁的Jose却想着如何储蓄。在校长的支持下，他成立了学生生态银行，让学生带废品开户，之后将废品销售给收购商。该银行受到了孩子们的欢迎。‎ ‎9．Why did Jose set up the bank?‎ A．To raise money and set up a recycling company.‎ B．To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.‎ C．To save much money and protect the environment.‎ D．To educate the students and help them win prizes.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.”可知，为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行的点子，这个银行能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。据此可知，Jose创立生态银行旨在储蓄的同时保护环境，故C项正确。‎ ‎10．How can a kid be admitted to the ecobank?‎ A．By donating to the ecobank.‎ B．By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.‎ C．By sending in an application.‎ D．By presenting a savings goal and a certain amount of waste.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.”可知，若要成为生态银行的一员，一个孩子必须至少上交5千克的固体垃圾，并设定一个储蓄目标，故D项正确。‎ ‎11．How did the teachers feel about Jose’s program?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 B．Excited.‎ C．Moved. D．Worried.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“‘At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，’Jose recalls.”可知，开始时老师们认为Jose疯了，认为一个孩子不能承担这种类型的项目。据此可推知，老师们对Jose的项目持怀疑态度，故A项正确。‎ ‎12．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A．How the environment is improved.‎ B．What the project has achieved.‎ C．How tons of waste has been recycled.‎ D．What support the local institutions get.‎ B　解析：段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“The boy’s efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste.”可知，Jose的努力得到了回报，到2013年，该银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾；并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了生态银行的成就，故B项正确。‎ ‎[长难句分析]　To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.(第一段第二句)‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the Bartselana Student Bank，在从句中作主语；句中动词不定式短语“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same”作目的状语。‎ 译文：为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行——Bartselana学生银行的点子，这个银行能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。‎