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2020届二轮复习专题二完形填空第一讲词汇复现同现课件
江苏高考完形填空近 5 年考查分布明细统计 年份 体裁 选项设置 词汇复现 语境暗示 逻辑关系 固定搭配 2019 记叙文 3 13 2 2 2018 记叙文 3 15 2 0 2017 记叙文 3 14 2 1 2016 夹叙夹议文 4 14 0 2 2015 叙文 1 17 2 0 分析近五年的江苏卷高考试题,我们不难发现,完形填空的文章体裁主要是记叙文,有时是夹叙夹议文。内容主要是传播知识,传递正能量,可读性较强。题型分为句内、句组和语篇等三个层次,以 句内层次 和 句组层次题 为主,语篇层次题为辅。设空以 语境题 和 词汇题 为主,较难的语篇层次题仅有 3 道左右。这就要求考生在做完形填空题时,心中始终有这三个层次,认真甄别每道题是属于哪种层次,然后再确定用何种方法来解题,从而做到万无一失。 【图解题型】 一、句内层次题 句内层次题是指通过阅读空格所在句即可找出答案的题目。 [ 典例 1 ] (2019· 江苏卷 ) Emma had __ 42 __ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. 42.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully 答案 A [ 后面提到 Emma 变得非常依恋人类,由此可知,她从来不 (never) 把自己看作是一只鹤。 always 总是; unluckily 不幸地; cheerfully 高兴地。 ( 句内层次题 )] [ 典例 2 ] (2019· 江苏卷 ) With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a __ 47 __ of artificial breeding ( 人工繁殖 ) and natural reproduction.This __ 48 __ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes. 47.A.combination B.collection C.strategy D.system 答案 A [ 人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式,此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了,故选 combination( 结合,联合 ) 。 collection 收集; strategy 策略; system 系统。 ( 句内层次题 )] 48.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled 答案 D [ 这种方式使 Emma 生了五只幼鹤。 enable sb to do sth 使某人做某事,是固定搭配,且符合此处的语境。 ( 句内层次题+句组层次题 )] 二、句组层次题 句组层次题是指不能通过阅读空格所在句确定答案,需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子 ( 句组 ) 才可找出答案的题目。 [ 典例 3 ] (2019· 江苏卷 ) The two keepers are proud of their productive work.But before they can be __ 49 __ , more efforts must be made , because the population of the crane in the wild is on the __ 50 __ , and many other species appear headed toward extinction.__ 51 __ , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 49.A.defeated B.grateful C.assured D.tolerant 答案 C [ 由 but 表示的转折含义以及后面提到的 “ 必须付出更多的努力 ” 可知,他们现在还不能确定 (assured) 。 defeated 被击败的; grateful 感激的; tolerant 容忍的。 ( 句内层次题 )] 50.A.list B.rise C.agenda D.decline 51.A.In contrast B.After all C.By the way D.On the contrary 答案 D [ 他们必须付出更多的努力,因为野生白枕鹤的数量在下降 (on the decline) ,许多其他物种面临灭绝的危险。 list 清单; rise 上升; agenda 议事日程。 ( 句内层次题 )] 答案 B [ 出现这种情况的原因是,毕竟 (after all) 不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情,最重要的是,它们有平等的生存权利。 in contrast 相比之下; by the way 顺便说一下; on the contrary 相反。 ( 句组层次题 )] [ 典例 4 ] (2018· 江苏卷 ) Wild camping is __ 43 __ in England.To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning. 43.A.unpopular B.lawful C.attractive D.illegal 答案 D [ 根据下文中的 To avoid being caught 可知,在英国野营是非法的 (illegal) 。故选 D 。 ( 句组层次题 )] 三、语篇层次题 语篇层次题是指无法在句内或句组确定答案,需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。 [ 典例 5 ] (2018· 江苏卷 ) During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes, “__ 52 __ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) __ 53 __ written book.It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.” 52.A.Doctors B.Hiking C.Lawyers D.Homelessness 答案 D [ 仅仅从这一段并没有办法确定答案,但是阅读全文,特别是文章第一段第一句 “ Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. ” 可知,是无家可归 (homelessness) 夺走了他们所有的物质财富。故选 D 。 ( 语篇层次题 )] 53.A.well B.partly C.neatly D.originally 答案 B [ 阅读全文可知, Raynor 和她的丈夫在旅行之前的人生过得很不顺利,但是通过这次旅行领悟到了一些人生道理。因此作者把人生比喻成一本书,一本只完成了一部分内容的书。故选 B 。 ( 语篇层次题 )] 做完形填空通常采用以下两个步骤: ·第一步:阅读理解是基础。 · 第二步:上下求索找信息,结合常识巧解题。 每一道题必有据,句内句外找信息;遇到难题放一边,因为答案在下面。 第一讲 词汇复现 / 同现 词汇复现的信息包括原词复现,同义词、近义词和反义词复现,上下义词复现等。词汇同现指的是在语篇中围绕某一特定话题的词汇有共同出现的倾向性。如一篇谈论环境保护的文章,以下单词有可能共同出现: environment, pollute, car, rubbish, smoke , measure, tree 等。词汇同现在同一语篇中,构成了以某一话题为中心的词汇链,也有人称之为 “ 语义场 ” 或 “ 词场 ” 。 1. 原词复现 [ 典例 1 ] (2019· 江苏卷 ) Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their __ 38 __.Emma, a female crane, has been in their 39.care since she arrived in 2004. ...they successfully developed a 47.combination of artificial breeding ( 人工繁殖 ) and natural reproduction. 38.A.abortion B.recreation C.reproduction D.administration 答案 C [ 由文中的 artificial breeding and natural reproduction( 人工繁殖和自然繁殖 ) 可知,此处为两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖 (reproduction) 。 abortion 人工流产; recreation 娱乐,消遣; administration 管理,施行。 ] 2. 同 / 近义词复现 [ 典例 2 ] (2019· 江苏卷 ) Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species ( 物种 ) that are __ 36 __ every day.The white-naped crane is a typical example.So scientists are trying their best to 37.save the species from going out of existence. 36.A.growing B.migrating C.competing D.disappearing 答案 D [ 由第一句和最后一句 “ from going out of existence ” 可知,此处讲每天都有物种在消失 (disappear) ,故选 D 项。 ] [ 典例 3 ] (2018· 江苏卷 ) During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes, “ 52.homelessness had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) 53.partly written book.It had also given me a 54.choice, __either to leave that page __ 55 __ or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.” 55.A.loose B.full C.blank D.missing 答案 C [ 选择 blank ,表示一种选择是留着空白页,意思是停止旅行,还有一种选择是继续满怀希望地写作,即继续旅行。此处是上一句 “ an empty page ” 的同义复现。 ] 3. 反义词复现 [ 典例 4 ] (2018· 江苏卷 ) Wild camping is 43.illegal in England.To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up __ 44 __ and packed it away early in the morning. 44.A.soon B.early C.late D.slowly 答案 C [ 为了不被抓到,他们不得不晚睡早起,因此选择 late 。与句后的 early 为反义复现。 ] 4. 上下义词复现 [ 典例 5 ] (2019· 天津卷 ) How much time and money would it cost to replace the __ 18 __ of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash , all lost to the bus. 18.A.parts B.contents C.details D.ingredients 答案 B [ 由后面提到的信用卡、驾照和现金可知,这里说的是作者在想,要把那个小钱包里的东西都更换需要花多少时间和金钱。这里用 contents 表示 “ 所容纳之物 ” ,指作者丢失的钱包里装的那些物品。 contents 为上义词, the credit cards , the driver ’ s license , the cash 为下义词。 ] 5. 词汇同现 [ 典例 6 ] (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) Above 4 , 000 meters is the highland __ 57 __ : gravel( 砾石 ) , stones and rocks. 57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake 答案 B [ 联系冒号后的 gravel , stones and rocks 可知, 4 000 米以上是荒漠 (desert) 。 ] [ 典例 7 ] (2016· 江苏卷 ) Years ago , a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.While we were __ 36 __ , Kurt asked me... 36.A.working B.preparing C.thinking D.eating 答案 D [ 根据前文 (I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.) 提供的就餐场景可知, 36 空应为:就餐或吃饭,故选 D 。 ]查看更多