【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题第五讲情态动词和虚拟语气学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题第五讲情态动词和虚拟语气学案

第五讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.‎ A.had B.will have C.would have had D.had had 答案　C　[句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done结构。注意该句中的or代替if条件句表示含蓄的条件。]‎ ‎2.(2018·江苏卷)It’s strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ A.would B.should C.could D.might 答案　B　[句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然”，符合句意。]‎ ‎3.(2017·江苏卷)________ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it 答案　B　[句意：要不是老师的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。通过句意以及主句“could not overcome”可判断为虚拟语气，故排除C、D两项；题干无if，故为省略if的倒装句，故选B。]‎ ‎4.(2016·江苏卷)If it ________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.‎ A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been 答案　A　[句意：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去的行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。]‎ ‎5.(2015·江苏卷)It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule.‎ A.did I know B.have I known C.do I know D.had I known 答案　D　[句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。]‎ ‎6.(2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.‎ A.might B.would ‎ C.should D.could 答案　C　[句意：他们尽管自身也很穷，竟然还给我带来了食物，这让我心里很难过。此处should表达一种出乎意料的惊讶，译为“竟然”，与前文“so poor themselves”呼应，表达说话者的情感。]‎ 所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。‎ 有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。‎ 情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，所以在解答此类试题时，一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点)，这就要求正确理解句子，从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。‎ 有些情态动词在表达某个意义时，要与特定的人称连用，这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。‎ 虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中，在不同的从句中，虚拟语气用不同的动词形式来体现，如if非真实条件句(分三种情形)，wish后的宾语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式，就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。另外，某些词、句如if it were not for/had not been for，but for...，if only...，without等，往往也要采用虚拟语气。‎ 一、常考情态动词的用法 ‎1.can/could ‎(1)表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。‎ ‎(2)表示请求。could不表示过去，只表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can。‎ ‎(3)表示可能性。一般用在否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句。‎ ‎2.may/might ‎(1)表示请求、允许。might不表示过去，仅表示语气更加委婉、客气。‎ ‎(2)表示可能性。表示把握性不大的推测，一般不用于疑问句中；might表示的可能性比may更小。‎ ‎(3)表示祝愿。may可以用来表示祝愿，但句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎(4)固定用法。may/might as well do sth“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。‎ ‎3.will/would ‎(1)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句表示请求。‎ ‎(2)表示意志、决心或愿望。‎ ‎(3)表示客观上的习惯，will表示现在，would表示过去。‎ ‎(4)表示推测或猜想。‎ ‎(5)表示按规律“注定会”。‎ ‎4.shall ‎(1)用在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或请示。‎ ‎(2)用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话者命令、警告、许诺等的语气。‎ ‎(3)用在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示法律条文等的规定，意为“必须”。‎ ‎5.should ‎(1)表示义务、责任、劝告或建议，意为“应该”，与ought ‎ to基本相同；should表示主观，ought to表示客观。‎ ‎(2)表示预测，意为“应该会；按理说；想必会”。‎ ‎(3)表示意外、惊讶、纳闷等感情色彩，意为“竟会；到底”。‎ ‎6.need/dare need意为“需要”，dare意为“敢”，二者都既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词，一般在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词用，在肯定句中作实义动词用。‎ 二、情态动词表示推测用法比较 情态动词 ‎ 用法 ‎ must ‎ 只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”。‎ can/could ‎ 用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中，意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。‎ may/might ‎ 用于肯定句中，表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中，意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。‎ ‎[典例1]　You ________ feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A.should B.need C.shall D.may 答案　D　[句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该……”；need意为“需要”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气；may表示推测时指“可能，或许”。由句中的but及后一分句中的a hundred percent sure可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故用may。]‎ ‎[名师点津]　情态动词表示推测三步判断：‎ ‎(1)判断句子是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。‎ ‎(2)判断句子是对什么时间的推测；表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”；表示对过去的推测用 “情态动词＋have done”。‎ ‎(3)判断句子语气的肯定程度。must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。‎ 三、情态动词＋have done 情态动词＋have done ‎ 用法 must have done ‎ 过去一定做过……(肯定句)‎ can/could have done 过去不可能做过……(否定句)‎ 过去可能做过……吗？(疑问句)‎ could have done 本来能够做，但却未做(肯定句)‎ may/might have done 过去可能做过……(肯定句)‎ 过去可能没有做过……(否定句)‎ should/ought to have done 本来应该做，但是实际上未做(肯定句)‎ 本来不应该做，而实际上做了(否定句)‎ needn’t have done 没必要做而做了 ‎[典例2]　I ________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A.mightn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.couldn’t 答案　C　[句意：来新学校之前我本没有必要担心，我这里的同班同学对我很友好。此处表示没有必要，故用needn’t。needn’t have done本没必要做。mightn’t have done可能没做过；没有mustn’t have done这一用法；couldn’t have done不可能做过。]‎ 四、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 与现在事实相反 ‎ 从句谓语动词：过去时(be用were)‎ 主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋do 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词：had＋过去分词 主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词：过去时/were＋to do/should＋do 主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋do if引导的条件从句的倒装 如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前。‎ 混合条件句的虚拟语气 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。‎ 含蓄虚拟结构 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导。‎ ‎[典例3]　If I ________ it with my own eyes，I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ A.didn’t see B.weren’t seeing C.wouldn’t see D.hadn’t seen 答案　D　[句意：如果我没亲眼看到，我不会相信那件事的。根据主句I wouldn’t have believed it可知，空格处所在句是用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用过去完成时态，所以答案为D。]‎ 五、虚拟语气在其他情况中的应用 类别 ‎ 用法 ‎ 名词性 从句 在表示要求，命令，建议，请求等意义的词后接宾语从句、同位语从句以及表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的动词：suggest，advise，order，require，demand，propose，command，request，insist，recommend，以及这些词的名词形式。注意：当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。‎ wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和“should/would＋动词原形”，它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来的情况相反。‎ 其他 句型 It is (high/about) time (that)...句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(should不可省略)。‎ would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。‎ if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望。‎ as if/as ‎ though引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)、过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)、could/might/would＋动词原形(与将来事实相反)。‎ ‎[典例4]　If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.(2017·北京卷)‎ A.had been put B.were put C.should be put D.would be put 答案　A　[句意：如果新的安全系统投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。由主句谓语动词would never have happened可以推断，这是与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句中应当用过去完成时。因此答案为A。]‎ ‎1.(2019·无锡一中高三模拟)If it had not been for the heroes’ contributions and sacrifices, we ________ such a happy life.‎ A.wouldn’t have led B.wouldn’t be leading C.haven’t led D.are not leading 答案　 B　[句意：要不是英雄们的奉献和牺牲，我们如今不会过上如此幸福的生活。这是一个错综时间虚拟条件句，从句与过去的事实相反，主句与现在的事实相反。与现在事实相反的假设，其主句的句子结构为：主语＋would(should, could, might)＋动词原形＋其他，主句时态为现在时，而且是正在进行中，故选B。]‎ ‎2.(2019·南京市高三四校联考)—________ you need any help, feel free to contact me.‎ ‎—Thank you for your kindness.‎ A.May B.Will C.Shall D.Should 答案　D　[句意：——如果你需要帮助，请随时与我联系。——谢谢你的好意。其实此处是省略if的虚拟条件句，if引导的虚拟条件句，如果省略if则将助动词should提前。故选D。]‎ ‎3.(2019·海安高级中学高三检测)—Has he finished his homework?‎ ‎—He ________， for he is enjoying his favourite album.‎ A.must have B.can have C.must D.can 答案　A　[句意：——他已经完成作业了吗？——他肯定写完了，因为他正在欣赏最喜欢的专辑。根据句意可知，此处是表示对过去的肯定推测，must have done sth表示肯定做了某事。故选A。]‎ ‎4.(2019·常州高级中学高三测试)—Difficulties always go with me!‎ ‎—Cheer up! If God closes the door in front of you, there ________ be a window opened for you.‎ A.must B.would ‎ C.could D.can 答案　A　[句意：——困难总是伴随着我！——高兴点！ 如果上帝在你面前关上了门，一定有一扇窗户为你打开。A.must一定；B.would将要；C.could可能；D.can有可能。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为“一定”，表示可能性很大的推测，符合句意。故A选项正确。]‎ ‎5.(2019·泰州市高三期末考试)—Hope there will be an end to the trade war between China and the US.‎ ‎—Indeed, otherwise both sides ________ a lot.‎ A.must suffer B.were to suffer C.suffered D.would suffer 答案　D　[句意：——希望中美之间的贸易战能够结束。——的确如此，不然双方都将遭受巨大损失。would可用于评论某一特定的行为。故D选项正确。]‎ ‎6.(2019·无锡市高三阶段性检测)—Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?‎ ‎—No, it ________ take you long.It’s not the rush hour now.‎ A.shouldn’t B.shan’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 答案　A　[句意：——去阳光酒店要花很长时间吗？——不，不会花很久。现在不是高峰期。shouldn’t不应该，不会；shan’t多用于法律、规定；mustn’t不许；needn’t不必。故选A。]‎ ‎7.(2019·南京一中高三阶段性检测)Who ________ the fight against the H1N1 flu ________ it not been for the Chinese scientists’ great efforts?‎ A.could have won；had B.would win；had C.would have won；has D.could win；has 答案　A　‎ ‎[句意：如果不是因为中国科学家的巨大努力，谁能在与H1N1流感的斗争中取得胜利呢？ 因为是过去发生的事情，与过去的事实相反，第二个空省略if，则将had提到主语前面，故填had，与之对应的是could/would have won。故选A。]‎ ‎8.(2019·宿迁市高三期末测试)Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life ________ so colorful nowadays.‎ A.won’t be B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.can’t be 答案　C　[句意：近年来，网络用语越来越多地出现，没有它们，我们现在的生活就不会如此丰富多彩。结合句意可知，此处非限制性定语从句用虚拟语气，与现在的事实相反，故选C。]‎ ‎9.(2019·扬州中学高三质量检测)It is compulsory that every motorcyclist ________ a helmet.‎ A.shall wear B.should wear C.must wear D.need wear 答案　B　[句意：骑摩托车的人都必须戴头盔。虚拟语气用在“It is＋形容词＋that”的主语从句中，在某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句中，需用“should＋动词原形”。这类形容词有advisable，appropriate，compulsory等，故选B。]‎ ‎10.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they ________ a few more kilometers.‎ A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven 答案　D　[句意：如果他们再开几公里，他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的假设，从句中应该用过去完成时。]‎ ‎11.(2018·天津卷)I can’t find my purse.I ________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.‎ A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 答案　D　[根据本空所在句子的时间状语判断，此处叙述过去发生的动作；下文说“我不太肯定”，表示不肯定的语气，应用“情态动词could/might/may＋have done”结构，因此选D。]‎ ‎12.(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A.need B.should C.can D.must 答案　C　[句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知，此处用can表示“可能会”。]‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1.(2019·江苏省高三百校联考)Keep up your spirits even if you ________ fail hundreds of times.‎ A.must B.need ‎ C.may D.should 答案　C　[句意：即使你失败了几百次，也要振作起来。must必须；need需要；may可能，或许；should应该。此处表示一种不确定的推测，故选C。]‎ ‎2.(2019·常州市高三期末)Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that ________ possible just a few years ago.‎ A.would have been B.might have been C.shouldn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 答案　D　[句意：很多公司现在使用人工智能进行试验，这在几年前是不可能的。根据“a few years ago”可知，此处表示“过去不可能”，应该用couldn’t have done，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3.(2019·南通市高三联考)Without the wise leadership of the Party, it ________ hard to achieve the GDP growth target for 2019 at between 6 percent and 6.5 percent.‎ A.would have been B.would be C.were D.had been 答案　B　[句意：要是没有党的英明领导，很难实现2019年国内生产总值增长6%—6.5%的目标。此处是without短语相当于虚拟条件句，根据“2019”判断是对将来的虚拟，主句用“would＋do”的形式，故B项正确。]‎ ‎4.(2019·无锡市高中质量抽测)—I can’t understand why he ________ so angry.I meant no offence.‎ ‎—It’s typical of him to be so sensitive.‎ A.must have been B.should have been C.might have been D.can have been 答案　B　[句意：——我不明白他为什么这么生气。我无意冒犯。——他很敏感，这是他的特点。should have done“竟然做了……”，结合句意可知答案为B。]‎ ‎5.(2019·扬州市高三质量检测)—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.‎ ‎—Don’t count on it too much.It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.‎ A.must B.can ‎ C.should D.will 答案　B　[句意：——有一台电脑来存储我的照片真是太好了。——别指望太多。这个电脑可能会发生故障，你最好把它们复制一份。本题中情态动词can表示可能性，符合语境。故选B。]‎ ‎6.(2019·徐州市高三质量检测)—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.‎ ‎—Terribly sorry! ________ my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.‎ A.Should B.Would ‎ C.Had D.Did 答案　C　[句意：——真遗憾！你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉！要是我叔叔没有突然来看我就好了(我就不会错过你的生日聚会了)。答句为省略了if的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用“had＋v.-ed”。故选C。]‎ ‎7.(2018·南京市高三第三次模拟)Held inside for too long，regret ________ affect the immune system.‎ A.must B.can ‎ C.should D.shall 答案　B　[句意：在心里憋得时间过长，后悔可能会影响到免疫系统。can表示可能。故选B。]‎ ‎8.(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)‎ ‎—I had my computer stolen in my office，but luckily the police got it back to me.‎ ‎—How unbelievable！The thief ________ it.‎ A.need have sold B.might have sold C.should have sold D.must have sold 答案　B　[句意：——我的电脑在办公室被偷了，但幸运的是警察拿到后带给了我。——难以置信！小偷有可能卖掉它。might have done在句中表示过去有可能做但实际上并没有做的事。故选B。]‎ ‎9.—Did you get your driving license?‎ ‎—Yes，otherwise I ________ to my hometown next month.‎ A.wouldn’t drive B.wouldn’t have driven C.won’t drive D.couldn’t have driven 答案　A　[句意：——你拿到驾照了吗？——是的，要不然我下个月就不能开车去我老家了。该题考查的是otherwise一词的虚拟语气的用法，在表示与将来事实相反的情况时要使用would do sth，故A项正确。]‎ ‎10.If the criminal were honest，he ________ a clean breast of the whole thing long ago.‎ A.made B.had made C.would make D.would have made 答案　D　[句意：如果这个罪犯诚实的话，他很久以前就会坦白交代所有的事情了。根据句意可知，主句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故谓语应用would have done形式。]‎ ‎11.She wasn’t feeling very well.Otherwise she ________ the meeting so early.‎ A.hadn’t have left B.wouldn’t leave C.didn’t leave D.wouldn’t have left 答案　D　[句意：她当时身体很不舒服。否则她不会那么早离开会议的。第二句用了虚拟语气，且表示与过去事实相反，此时句子谓语用would/could/might/should have done，故选D。]‎ ‎12.(2019·江苏省高考压轴卷)I would not be seeing the film Green Book now ________ me up in time.‎ A.were Kathy not to pick B.had Kathy not picked C.if Kathy hasn’t picked D.if Kathy did not pick 答案　B　‎ ‎[句意：要是Kathy没有及时接我，我现在就不会在看电影《绿皮书》了。此处描述的是与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词使用过去完成时；当虚拟条件句中有had(助动词)/should/were时，可以省略if，将had(助动词)/should/were提前，构成倒装结构。故B选项正确。]‎ ‎13.(2018·苏北四市高三联考)France has recently passed a law that says all supermarkets ________ donate all of their unsold produce to charities.‎ A.may B.should ‎ C.will D.shall 答案　D　[句意：法国最近通过一项法律，该法律规定所有的超市都要把它们没卖掉的农产品捐献给慈善机构。在法律、条约、协定等文件中，shall可以表示义务、规定、命令等。根据题干中的“a law”可知，shall符合语境。]‎ ‎14.(2018·苏州市高三调研)One of the unanswered questions of the September 11 attacks is whether there was anything U.S.intelligence ________ to stop the attacks.‎ A.must do B.could do C.must have done D.could have done 答案　D　[句意：9·11恐怖袭击事件中没有被回答的一个问题是，是否有一些美国的情报工作本来能够阻止这次袭击。根据句意，此处表示对过去情况的一种猜测，表示“可能性”，所以要用could have done “本来能够做某事但实际上没有做”。]‎ ‎15.I think that conflict is unlikely to happen，but if it ________，the interests of both China and the U.S.would be severely damaged.‎ A.would occur B.had occurred C.were to occur D.occurs 答案　C　[句意：我认为冲突不太可能发生，但是如果发生了，中美双方的利益都会受到严重的损害。根据句中的is unlikely to happen可知冲突目前并没有发生，所以这种假设是针对将来而言的，此时从句谓语可以用一般过去时态，“were＋不定式”或者“should＋动词原形”，主句谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。所以答案为C。]‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019·南京一中高三一模)‎ It was sleeting (雨雪交加的).My wife and I were going to dinner at a friend’s house.As we hurried toward the house, with its __1__ light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb.Just ahead, another car was waiting to __2__ into the parking space.But ‎ before he could do so another car came up from behind, and sneaked into the __3__.‎ ‎“That’s a(n) __4__ trick.” I thought.While my wife went ahead into our friend’s house, I stepped into the street to give the __5__ driver a piece of my mind.A man in work clothes __6__ the window.‎ ‎“Hey，” I said, “this parking space belongs to that guy.” I __7__ toward the man ahead, feeling pretty manly in my new coat.‎ ‎“Must you get __8__？” the driver yelled, “None of your business！”‎ ‎“No，” I said.“You don’t understand.That fellow was waiting for this space.” Things quickly became __9__， until finally he leaped out of the car.The huge man __10__ me and bent me back over the hood of his car.I was __11__.I scrambled (跌跌撞撞) to my friend’s front door.Seeing that I was __12__， my wife and friends asked me what had happened.All I could say was that I had had a(n) __13__ about a parking space.They had the __14__ to let it go at that.‎ Perhaps half an hour later, the doorbell rang.I was sure the guy had returned for me.My hostess got up to answer it, but I stopped her.I was morally __15__ to answer it myself.‎ I walked down the halfway with __16__.Yet I knew I had to face up to my fear.I opened the door.There he stood，__17__.“I came back to apologize，” he said in a low voice.“The Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing.I’ve worked there for years.And today I got __18__.I hope you’ll accept my apology.”‎ I often remember that big man.I think of the __19__ and courage it took for him to come back.He was man at his __20__.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个雨雪交加的晚上，我与一个抢占停车位的大块头理论，他动手打了我，后来又回来向我道歉。原来他刚刚失业，在这种情况下他还能回来道歉，我认为他是一个顶呱呱的男子汉。‎ ‎1.A.inviting B.welcoming C.warning D.flashing 答案　D　[inviting诱人的；welcoming迎接某人的；warning警示的；flashing闪光的。上文说这是一个雨雪交加的晚上，在房子的迎宾灯下，我注意到一辆车从路边驶出，故D项正确。]‎ ‎2.A.advance B.back C.slide D.break 答案　B　[advance前进；back使后退，倒退；slide滑；break打断。根据语境可知，此处指一辆车等着倒入停车位，故B项正确。]‎ ‎3.A.garage B.courtyard C.destination D.spot 答案　D　[garage车库；courtyard庭院；destination目的地；spot地点。上文parking space是停车位，此处指后方来车先溜进了停车位，用spot指上文提到的parking space。]‎ ‎4.A.absurd B.logical ‎ C.dirty D.invisible 答案　C　[absurd荒谬的；logical合逻辑的；dirty肮脏的，卑鄙的；invisible无形的。前车等着进停车位，而后车却偷偷溜了进去，这是卑鄙的做法，故C项正确。]‎ ‎5.A.fierce B.guilty C.cruel D.dangerous 答案　B　[fierce凶猛的；guilty罪恶的、内疚的；cruel残忍的；dangerous危险的。根据上文情节可知，那位司机的行为是有过失的，我上前告诉他我的一点想法，故B项正确。]‎ ‎6.A.opened up B.wound up C.rolled down D.took down 答案　C　[open up打开；wind up上足发条；roll down摇下；take down记下。司机坐在车里，我在车外和他说话，他自然要摇下车窗，故C项正确。]‎ ‎7.A.gestured B.signed C.hurried D.moved 答案　A　[gesture打手势示意；sign做标记；hurry赶忙；move移动。根据本空前的“this parking space belongs to that guy.”可知，我打手势示意这个车位是前面那个人的，故A项正确。]‎ ‎8.A.involved B.interrupted C.infected D.interacted 答案　A　[involve涉及，卷入；interrupt打断；infect感染；interact互动。根据本空后的“None of your business！”可知，那个司机大喊道：“你偏要掺和进来吗？关你什么事！”故A项正确。]‎ ‎9.A.sharp B.stable ‎ C.tense D.acute 答案　C　[sharp锋利的；stable稳固的；tense紧张的；acute敏锐的。根据下文大块头把我按在汽车引擎盖上可知事情开始变得紧张起来，故C项正确。]‎ ‎10.A.seized B.crushed C.scratched D.hugged 答案　A　[seize抓住；crush压碎；scratch划损；hug拥抱。根据本空后的“me and bent me back over the hood of his car.”可知，他抓住我并把我按在汽车引擎盖上，故A项正确。]‎ ‎11.A.disappointed B.astonished C.depressed D.terrified 答案　D　[disappointed失望的；astonished惊讶的；depressed沮丧的；terrified害怕的。根据下一句我跌跌撞撞地走可知，我是感到非常害怕的，故D项正确。]‎ ‎12.A.stricken B.fallen C.drunken D.shaken 答案　D　[stricken受挫折的；fallen坠落的；drunken喝醉的；shaken摇晃的。上文说我跌跌撞撞地走到朋友家，所以他们看到的是我摇摇晃晃的样子，故D项正确。]‎ ‎13.A.negotiation B.bargain C.assessment D.argument 答案　D　[negotiation谈判；bargain交易；assessment评估；argument争吵。根据上文内容可知，我说我和别人关于停车位吵了一架，故D项正确。]‎ ‎14.A.creativity B.sensitivity C.security D.sincerity 答案　B　[creativity创造性；sensitivity敏感；security安全性；sincerity诚挚。根据文章情境可知，大家对我说的话都很敏感，看到我这个样子他们都很担心，故B项正确。]‎ ‎15.A.bound B.reluctant C.induced D.reminded 答案　A　[根据本空前的“I was sure the guy had returned for me.My hostess got up ‎ to answer it, but I stopped her.”可知，我觉得一定是那个家伙回来找我了，所以我没有让妻子去应门，我觉得一定要自己去解决此事，be bound to一定会，必然，故A项正确。]‎ ‎16.A.courage B.patience C.scare D.curiosity 答案　C　[courage勇气；patience耐心；scare惊恐；curiosity好奇。根据本空后的“Yet I knew I had to face up to my fear.”可知，我知道必须要面对恐惧，这说明我是惊恐地过去的，故C项正确。]‎ ‎17.A.trembling B.towering C.leaning D.wandering 答案　B　[trembling发抖的；towering高大的；leaning倾斜的；wandering流浪的。根据上文中的“The huge man”可知，他是一个大块头，所以站在那里显得很高大，故B项正确。]‎ ‎18.A.laid off B.settled down C.entered for D.dealt with 答案　A　[lay off解雇，下岗；settle down定居；enter for参加；deal with处理。根据本空前的“The Brooklyn Navy Yard is closing.I’ve worked there for years.”可知，大块头工作的布鲁克林海军造船厂即将关闭，所以他下岗了，故A项正确。]‎ ‎19.A.honesty B.confidence C.effort D.energy 答案　C　[honesty诚实；confidence自信；effort努力；energy精力。根据本空后的“and courage it took for him to come back.”可知，大块头回头向我道歉是需要努力和勇气的，故C项正确。]‎ ‎20.A.cost B.risk ‎ C.best D.leisure 答案　C　[上文说失业的大块头回来向我道歉是需要很大的努力和勇气的，我认为他是一个顶呱呱的男子汉。He was man at his best表示“他是个顶呱呱的男子汉”，故C项正确。]‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Questions about：Admissions__of__Our__Specialty__Masters__Programs ‎1.Do I need to submit an essay?‎ Yes，the written essay should articulate your qualifications and motivation for pursuing advanced education.‎ ‎2.Who should provide my letter of recommendation?‎ A supervisor within your organization or a professor from your undergraduate institution familiar with your work.‎ ‎3.What is the minimum language proficiency score required for admission?‎ Applicants can choose one of three language proficiency examinations to submit to the Admissions Office: the TOEFL，the IEL TS，or the PTE Academic.The typical “passing” score is 95 (Internet-based)，7，and 66 respectively.‎ ‎4.Do I have to take the GMAT or GRE?‎ The Graduate Record Examination®(GRE®) and the Graduate Management Admissions Test®(GMAT®) are both accepted exams that are recommended but not required.‎ ‎5.My transcripts are from a school in a foreign country.What should I do?‎ If you are an international applicant，we require an evaluation of coursework completed at institutions outside of the U.S.You must have your transcripts evaluated by World Education Services (WES).‎ ‎6.What is the deadline for application?‎ Application Rounds Completed applications submitted by Will have decision given by October 15，2016‎ December 15，2016‎ November 15，2016‎ January 15，2017‎ January 10，2017‎ March 10，2017‎ February 15，2017‎ April 15，2017‎ Rolling Rolling ‎　　We welcome applications on a rolling basis；however，we encourage you to submit your application on or before the January 10，2017 deadline to receive priority admission and scholarship consideration.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文，是某大学的招生政策问答。‎ ‎1.According to the admissions policy above，an applicant should ________.‎ A.focus on his study plans in the written essay B.offer at least two recommendation letters C.pass one of the three language proficiency exams D.have his transcripts evaluated at home and abroad 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Question 3部分可知，C项符合题意，申请者应该通过三种英语能力考试中的任意一种。]‎ ‎2.One is most likely to receive a scholarship if he submits his application on ________.‎ A.November 15，2016 B.February 15，2017‎ C.March 10，2017 D.April 15，2017‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，在2017年1月10日之前申请，可以享有优先录取和获得奖学金的机会，故选A。]‎ B ‎(2019·锡山高级中学一模)‎ Up and down the economic ladder, many Americans who work—and especially those raising kids—are pressed for time, wishing they had more of it to devote to leisure activities (or even just sleeping).At the same time, research has indicated that people who are busy tend to be happier than those who are idle, whether their business is purposeful or not.‎ A research paper released late last year investigated this trade-off, attempting to pinpoint (精确指出) how much leisure time is best.Its authors examined the relationship between the amount of “discretionary time” people had—basically, how much time people spend awake and doing what they want—and how pleased they were with their lives.‎ The paper, which analyzed data covering about 35，000 Americans, found that employed people’s ratings of their satisfaction with life peaked when they had in the neighborhood of two and a half hours of free time a day.For people who didn’t work, the optimal(最佳) amount was four hours and 45 minutes.‎ The research traced a correlation(关联) between free time and life satisfaction, but didn’t provide any definitive(最后的) insight into what underlies that correlation—“which is exciting, because this is a work in progress，” says Cassie Mogilner Holmes, a professor at UCLA’s Anderson School of Management and a co-author of the paper, which hasn’t yet been peer-reviewed or published in an ‎ academic journal.‎ An experiment that the researchers arranged hinted at(暗示) a possible explanation of the correlation they found.They asked participants to picture and describe what it would be like to have a certain amount of daily free time, and then report how they’d feel about that allotment(分配).“What we find is that having too little time makes people feel stressed, and maybe that’s obvious，” says Holmes.“But interestingly, that effect goes away—the role of stress goes away—once you approach the optimal point.” After that point, Holmes says, the subjects started to say they felt less productive overall, which could explain why having a lot of free time can feel like having too much free time.‎ It’s not clear what an individual is to do with these findings, since the amount of free time people have usually has something to do with a variety of factors, such as having children or a degree of control over work schedules.Holmes shared her research with the MBA students in her class on happiness, and some of the most time-crunched among them were comforted by the findings：“I think that two and a half hours creates a nice goal that even if you increase a little bit more of your discretionary time use, you can expect that it will translate into greater life satisfaction.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现忙碌的人往往比闲着的人生活满意度更高，所需要的休闲时间更少。研究者对这一研究对人们的影响持积极的态度。‎ ‎3.According to the passage, what happens to Americans occupied with their work?‎ A.They allow themselves more leisure time.‎ B.They keep themselves busy on purpose.‎ C.They know how much leisure time is best.‎ D.They experience higher level of satisfaction.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“research has indicated that...is purposeful or not.”可知，研究表明， 忙碌的人往往比闲着的人更快乐，也就是说忙于工作的美国人的满意度更高，故D项正确。]‎ ‎4.What can be learned about the correlation between free time and life satisfaction?‎ A.Researchers have cast light on the cause of the correlation.‎ B.Unemployed people need more leisure time to feel content.‎ C.The paper on the correlation has achieved peer recognition.‎ D.Employed people enjoy more leisure time in the neighborhood.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“found that...was four hours and 45 minutes.”可知，有工作的人满意的休息时间是两个半小时，而不工作的人满意的休息时间则是4小时45分钟，也就是说不工作的人需要更多的休闲时间来感到满足，故B项正确。]‎ ‎5.Which of the following charts illustrates the change of stress and productivity?‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“What we find is that...they felt less productive overall”可知，时间太少会有压力，一旦你达到最佳的休息时间，压力的作用就消失了，在那之后，受试者开始说他们总体上感觉效率较低，D项与这个状态变化相吻合，故D项正确。]‎ ‎6.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.‎ A.Holmes is optimistic about the influence of her findings B.individuals are encouraged to control their work schedules C.people with tight schedules can’t benefit from the findings D.the MBA students find no free time to obtain life satisfaction 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Holmes shared her research...you can expect that it will translate into greater life satisfaction.”可知，Holmes将这个研究成果分享给了她的学生，很多时间比较紧迫的学生得到了安慰，并且她说“我认为两个半小时能创造出一个很好的目标，即使你只增加一点自由支配的时间，你也可以期望它能转化为更大的生活满意度”，也由此可以看出她对研究结果的影响的态度是很积极的， 故A项正确。]‎