2021版高考英语一轮复习导学案：Unit2Cloning导学案新人教版选修8

2021版高考英语一轮复习导学案：Unit2Cloning导学案新人教版选修8

Unit 2　Cloning 阅 读 词 汇 ‎1.twin n.　　　　　双胞胎之一;孪生儿之一 adj. 成对的;成双的 ‎2.straightforward adj. 简单的;直接的;坦率的 ‎3.carrier n. 携带者;搬运工;运输工具 ‎4.arbitrary adj. 任意的 ‎5.fate n. 命运;天命 ‎6.medium n.(pl.media)‎ ‎ 媒介;手段;工具 ‎7.the media 大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)‎ ‎8.conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的 ‎9.constitution n. 宪法;章程 ‎10.compulsory adj. 必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的 ‎11.opera n. 歌剧;歌剧团;歌剧院 ‎12.chorus n. 合唱;合唱队 ‎13.loaf n. 一条(面包)‎ ‎14.flour n. 面粉 ‎15.claw n. 爪;脚爪 ‎16.turkey n. 火鸡 ‎17.feather n. 羽毛 识 记 词 汇 ‎1.differ vi.　　　　　　不同;相异 ‎2.exact adj. 精确的;准确的 ‎3.identical adj. 同一的;一模一样的 ‎4.commercial adj. 商业的;贸易的 ‎5.complicated adj. 复杂的;难懂的 ‎6.undertake vt. 着手;从事;承担 ‎7.breakthrough n. 突破 ‎8.procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续 - 10 -‎ ‎9.cast vt. 扔;投;掷 ‎10.altogether adv. 总共;完全地 ‎11.correction n. 改正;纠正;修正 ‎12.object vi. 反对;不赞成 ‎13.objection n. 不赞成;反对;异议 ‎14.obtain vt. 获得;赢得 ‎15.attain vt. 获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ 识 记 词 汇 ‎16.forbid vt.　　　禁止;不准 ‎17.accumulate vt.& vi.‎ ‎ 积累;聚积 ‎18.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……‎ ‎19.shortly adv. 立刻;不久 ‎20.retire vi. 退休;离开 ‎21.bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 ‎22.assumption n. 假定;设想 ‎23.regulation n. 规则;规章;法规 ‎24.popularity n. 受人喜爱;流行 ‎25.strike vt.& vi. 打;撞击;罢工 n. 罢工 ‎26.adore vt. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱 ‎27.hatch vt.& vi. 孵出;孵卵;孵化 ‎28.reasonable adj. 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的 ‎29.resist vt. 抵抗;对抗 ‎30.drawback n. 缺点;不利条件 ‎31.merely adv. 仅;只;不过 ‎32.decoration n. 装饰 ‎33.unable adj. 不能的;不会的 - 10 -‎ ‎34.initial adj. 最初的;开始的 ‎35.impact n. 撞击;冲击;巨大的影响 ‎36.moral adj. 道德(上)的;伦理的 ‎37.vain adj. 虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的 拓 展 词 汇 ‎1.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的→difference n.差异;不同 ‎2.identical adj.同一的;一模一样的→identity n.身份;同一性;一致 ‎3.commercial adj.商业的;贸易的→commerce n.商业;贸易 ‎4.complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的→complicate vt.使复杂化→complication n.复杂 拓 展 词 汇 ‎5.correction n.改正;纠正;修正→correct adj.正确的 v.改正 ‎6.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.不赞成;反对;异议 ‎7.accumulate vt.& vi.积累;聚积→accumulation n.积累;增加 ‎8.retire vi.退休;离开→retirement n.退休;引退 ‎9.assumption n.假定;设想→assume vt.假定;设想 ‎10.regulation n.规则;规章;法规→regulate vt.调节;管理 ‎11.popularity n.受人喜爱;流行→popular adj.流行的;通俗的;受欢迎的 ‎12.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistance n.抵抗;对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的;抵制的 ‎13.decoration n.装饰;装修→decorate v.装饰;装修 ‎14.reasonable adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→reason n.原因;道理 短 语 记 忆 ‎1.pay off　　 　得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 ‎2.in vain 白费力气;枉费心机 ‎3.in good∕poor condition ‎ 状况很好∕坏;情况很好∕坏 短 语 记 忆 ‎4.in favour of　　　　　　赞成;支持 ‎5.cast down 使失望;使沮丧 ‎6.(be) bound to (do)... 一定或注定(做)…… ‎ ‎7.strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎8.from time to time 不时;偶尔 ‎9.bring back to life 使复生;使复活 - 10 -‎ 句 型 整 理 ‎1.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优势是如果发生一种新的疾病,这些动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。‎ ‎2.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.‎ 她看起来是在正常地成长着,这个事实很令人鼓舞。‎ ‎3.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.‎ 克隆植物很简单而克隆动物非常复杂。‎ 重点 语法 Revise the Appositive (words,phrases and clauses)‎ ‎[复习同位语(单词、短语和从句)]‎ ‎1.differ vi.不同,相异 归纳拓展 ‎①differ with sb.on sth.和某人在某事上意见不同 ‎②differ in...在……方面不同 ‎③differ from...与……不同 ‎④be different from...(in...)(在……方面)与……不同 ‎⑤make a difference (to...)(对……)有影响,起作用 ‎⑥tell the difference between A and B 区分A与B之间的差异 单句填空 ‎①The two plans differ in one major respect.‎ ‎②Rock music consists of many different (differ) styles.(2019年6月浙江,七选五)‎ ‎③Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference(differ) in the world.‎ ‎2.undertake vt.着手,从事,进行;担任,承担,负责;答应,承诺 - 10 -‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①undertake a task∕responsibility承担任务∕责任 ‎②undertake to do sth.许诺做某事,同意做某事 ‎③undertake for...为……负责 ‎④undertake that...保证……‎ 完成句子 ‎①现在我们必须尽快采取行动,你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。‎ We must act as quickly as possible now.Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.‎ ‎②她保证在星期五之前完成这项工作。‎ She undertook that she would finish the job by Friday.‎ ‎③他保证6个月内还钱。‎ He undertook to pay the money back in six months.‎ ‎ undertake sb.that...这一结构不正确,只可用undertake to do∕that...。‎ ‎3.object vi.不赞成;反对 n.物体;目标 归纳拓展 ‎①object to sb.∕sth.反对某人∕某事 ‎②object to doing sth.反对做某事 ‎③have∕take∕make an objection to (doing) sth.‎ 对(做)某事表示反对 单句填空 ‎①History is much more than the study of dusty old objects(object) and events long past.(2019年天津,阅读理解A)‎ ‎②He objected to being treated(treat) like a child.‎ ‎③Mom never could understand our objections(object).(2017年11月浙江,读后续写)‎ ‎4.forbid vt.禁止;不准 归纳拓展 ‎①forbid sb.to do sth.=forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 ‎②forbid (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事 单句填空 ‎①Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money,but at that time these amounts were - 10 -‎ ‎ forbidding (forbid) to most citizens.(2019全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)‎ ‎②He was forbidden to leave(leave) the base as a punishment.‎ ‎③The new law forbids smoking(smoke) in offices.‎ ‎ forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用 forbid ‎ sb.to do sth.形式,有类似用法的单词还有:allow,permit,advise 等。‎ ‎5.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①owe sth. to sb.把某事物归功于某人;应感激某人 ‎②owe sb. sth.(=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人某物 ‎③owing to...因为,由于……(一般作状语)‎ 相当于on account of∕as a result of 完成句子 ‎①He owes his good health to(他把身体健康归功于) plenty of exercise and a regular life.‎ ‎②I owe it all to you that (把……归功于)I won the first place in the English Speech Contest.(2019年6月浙江,应用文写作)‎ ‎③The train was late owing to the bad weather(由于天气不好).‎ ‎6.strike vt.&vi.打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴)‎ n.罢工 归纳拓展 ‎①be struck by∕with...被……击中;被……打动 ‎②It strikes∕struck sb.that...某人突然想起……‎ ‎③go on strike举行罢工(强调动作)‎ ‎④be on strike在罢工(强调状态)‎ 完成句子 ‎①当我走在路上的时候,突然有了一个好主意。‎ A wonderful idea suddenly struck me when I was walking on the street.‎ ‎②游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。 ‎ The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.‎ ‎7.resist vt.抗拒,抵制,对抗,忍住 - 10 -‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①resist (doing) sth.抵制(干)某事 ‎②can’t ∕couldn’t resist doing sth.∕can’t help doing sth.忍不住干某事 ‎③resistance n.抗拒 完成句子 ‎①务必确保你要忍住不去回复你收到的每一条短信。‎ Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive.‎ ‎②他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。‎ He couldn’t resist showing off his new car.‎ ‎1.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功(不及物动词短语);偿清(及物动词短语)‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①pay for sth.付某物的钱;为某事物付出代价 ‎②pay sb. money for sth.因某事而付某人钱 ‎③pay back 偿还(欠款);报复 ‎④pay a visit to拜访 ‎⑤pay attention to注意 ‎⑥pay the bill买单,付账∕款 用pay的相关短语填空 ‎①他们有借款、账单、抵押贷款需还清,还要为退休攒钱。‎ They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款) to pay off,retirement to save for.‎ ‎②他酬谢了医生,并付了买药的钱。‎ He paid the doctor and paid for his medicine,too.‎ ‎③能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。‎ That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.‎ ‎2.in vain白费力气;枉费心机 归纳拓展 ‎①in advance提前 ‎②in debt负债 ‎③in order井然有序 ‎④in return作为回报 - 10 -‎ ‎⑤in danger处于危险状态中 ‎⑥in place在恰当的位置 短语填空 ‎①在徒劳驾驶了一段时间之后,妈妈突然想到了一个好主意。‎ After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea.(2017年11月浙江,读后续写)‎ ‎②在拜访他之前,我提前给他打了电话。‎ Before visiting him,I called him up in advance.‎ ‎1.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优势是如果发生一种新的疾病,这些动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。‎ The advantage is that...优势是……,此处that引导的是表语从句。在这个表语从句中,if there is a new illness是条件状语从句,后面的some of these animals may die和 others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation是表语从句中的主句。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①The problem is that...问题是……‎ ‎②The chance is that...有可能……‎ ‎③There is no chance that...没有可能……‎ 完成句子 ‎①问题是世界各国的垃圾已堆积如山……‎ The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish...‎ ‎②由于余下的比赛不太难,我们队在结束时有可能会名列前茅。‎ The chance is that our team will finish at the top,as our remaining matches aren’t too difficult.‎ ‎③他们赢得比赛是不可能的。‎ There is no chance that they will win the match.‎ ‎2.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very - 10 -‎ ‎ encouraging.她(多莉)看起来是在正常地成长着,这个事实很令人鼓舞。‎ that she seemed to develop normally是同位语从句,说明the fact的具体内容。在英语中,说明某些名词内容的从句是同位语从句。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①that引导同位语从句,对被修饰词进行解释说明,that仅起连接的作用,无意义,但不能省略。‎ ‎②常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有:fact,news,word,hope,idea,doubt,thought等。‎ ‎③在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议,要求,命令”的词后,同位语从句的谓语动词通常为should +do,should可以省略。‎ 完成句子 ‎①大约在下午两点传来通知说会议将被延期。 ‎ The notice that the meeting would be postponed came around two in the afternoon.‎ ‎②我听到了我们队获胜的消息。‎ I heard the news that our team had won.‎ ‎③我突然意识到她是来向我借钱的。‎ The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.‎ ‎3.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.‎ 克隆植物很简单而克隆动物非常复杂。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①while 引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,从句中用延续性动词或表状态的词。‎ ‎②while引导并列句,意为“然而”,表示对比、比较。‎ ‎③while引导让步状语从句,多用于句首,意为“尽管,虽然”。‎ 完成句子 ‎①你在遛狗的时候,由于粗心,把狗弄丢了。‎ While walking the dog,you were careless and it got lost.‎ ‎②我曾经建议孩子们,虽然动词看起来乏味,但是他们一生中大部分有趣的事情都与动词有关。‎ I had advised the kids that while verbs may seem dull,most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.(2017全国Ⅱ,完形填空)‎ - 10 -‎ - 10 -‎