河南省洛阳市2021届高三上学期第一次统考英语试题 Word版含解析

河南省洛阳市2021届高三上学期第一次统考英语试题 Word版含解析

洛阳市 2020——2021 学年高中三年级第一次统一考试 英语试卷 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，在选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将 答案写在 答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷 上的答 案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7. 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳 选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 1。秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下 一小题。每段对话 仅读一遍。 1. When will Lisa get to the airport? A. At 2: 00 pm. B. At 2： 20 pm. C. At 3： 00 pm. 2. Who will pay for the trip? A. The man. B. The woman. C. The company. 3. What is the man probably doing? A. Asking about a trip. B. Having a job interview. C. Talking to an American traveler. 4. Where was the woman before she was 10? A. In a city. B. In a village. C. In a town. 5. What keeps the man late? A. Being stuck in traffic B. Oversleeping. C. Forgetting the time. 第二节（共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22. 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完 后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两 遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. How did the man travel first? A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi. 7. What did the man do after the old lady fell clown? A. He gave the first aid. B. He called the emergency center. C. He drove the bus to hospital. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. When will the meeting be held? A. From 2： 30 pm to 3： 15 pm. B. From 2： 30 pm to 3- 20 pm. C. From 2： 20 pm to 2： 35 pm. 9. In which room will the talk be given? A. Room 315. B. Room 310. C. Room 308. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What makes the woman satisfied? A. The size. B. The distance. C. The environment. 11. How many people live in the apartment? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 12. Where will the party be held? A. In a hotel. B. In the man's home. C. In the woman‘s new apartment. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What is most probably the woman? A. A journalist. B. A cook. C. A business woman. 14. Why did the man decide to open a restaurant? A. He couldn't find work. B. He really loved cooking. C. He took his mother‘s advice. 15. What is the man going to do at the end of this year? A. Hire two waitresses and a cook. B. Open his second restaurant. C. Open his third restaurant. 16. What contributes to the man's success? A. Hard work. B. His high skills C. Fresh food. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What do we know about the speaker? A. He's from Thailand. B. He's a polo player. C. He owns an elephant. 18. What animals are usually used for polo matches in other countries? A. Elephants. B. Horses. C. Dogs. 19. How many people sit on an elephant during the match? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. 20. When is the match usually held according to the speaker? A. In early September. B. In late October. C. In late November. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A If you're lucky, when you look back at your school pictures over the years, you'll have some that are cute, a few that are funny, and lots that make you smile. But no matter what, a great school picture is a reminder of who you were that year. Sarah Smith and Kelvin Miller are from Lifetouch, a photography company that has been taking school pictures for 80 years. Here, they share their top tips for taking a smile-worthy photo. • You, your eyes, and your smile are the star of the show, not your clothes. So don't wear anything that's really busy-like a loud pattern or too bright shade — that will steal attention away from your face. • Don't over-practice your smile. The longer a smile is on your face, the less authentic it is. Try thinking about something that makes you laugh —maybe a joke or something silly a friend said —to make your smile look sincere. • Try not to get your hair cut less than a fortnight before a picture day. That way it will have grown out to look more natural. • If you are feeling nervous or tense, try yawning. This will relax all the muscles in your body, helping you to feel and look a bit more natural. 1. Who are Sarah Smith and Kelvin Miller? A. Career consultants. B. Experienced photographers. C. Post graduates. D. The author's schoolmates. 2. What kind of clothes is more suitable for school pictures? A. Shining. B. Colourful. C. Plain. D. Noticeable. 3. When are you advised to cut your hair? A. Two weeks earlier. B. On the picture day. C. Before ten days or so. D. At any time. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了 Sarah Smith 和 Kelvin Miller 两位摄影师就如何拍出令人满意 的学校照片提出的一些建议。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Sarah Smith and Kelvin Miller are from Lifetouch, a photography company that has been taking school pictures for 80 years. Here, they share their top tips for taking a smile-worthy photo.( Sarah Smith 和 Kelvin Miller 来自 Lifetouch，这家摄影公司已经 有 80 年的拍摄学校照片的历史。在这里，他们分享了拍出一张令人满意的照片的重要技 巧)”可推知，Sarah Smith 和 Kelvin Miller 是有经验的摄影师。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“So don't wear anything that's really busy-like a loud pattern or too bright shade — that will steal attention away from your face.(所以不要穿太花哨的衣服——比 如花哨的图案或者太亮的颜色——那会把人们的注意力从你的脸上转移开)”可知，朴素的 衣服更适合拍学校照片。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Try not to get your hair cut less than a fortnight before a picture day.(在拍照日之前的两周内尽量不要剪头发)”可知，建议提前两周剪头发。故选 A。 B Last month our class project was to make a school newspaper. Our teacher divided us into groups and each group was supposed to work on a column. I missed the first planning meeting because of a dentist appointment so my group filled me in the next day. “We decided to do a gossip column,” Emily informed me. “We take along our notebooks and pay extra-close attention to everything happening around us.” Austin read from his notebook: “James either has a cold or really bad allergies because he's been sneezing nonstop.” Jessia said, “Jackson is either going through a major growth spurt or getting ready to run a marathon because he's been eating two entire sandwiches for lunch. This gossip-column was making me very uncomfortable. It was already spinning out of control. “Hold on,” I said, “Don't you think kids will feel embarrassed to have that stuff shared with the school?” Austin jumped in, saying that I had a point and the gossip-column idea was not that friendly. Then we thought about for a bit, and then Emily brightened. “What if we do a friendly gossip column instead? We can call it an op — gop column!” And that's exactly what we did. The next day at school, we took out notebooks everywhere we went. But this time, we wrote down the good stuff we witnessed. Here are a few snippets from the column we ended up publishing. Katie Myers was spotted picking up other people's litter and throwing it into the garbage can without even being asked. Danny Gonzales was seen helping a second-grader get a kickball unstuck from a high-up, hard-to-reach place. And Soe Zaleski was overheard very patiently explaining a maths problem to a very grateful somebody. 4. What did the author's team members do the day the project was announced? A. They were divided into three groups. B. They went to the dentist's on schedule. C. They disused their topic with the author. D. They gathered information for their topic. 5. Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude to the gossip-column? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Opposed. D. Objective. 6. What does the underlined word “spurt” in the second paragraph most probably mean? A. Age limit. B. Sudden increase. C. Inborn disability. D. The highest height. 7. What's the author's purpose in writing the passage? A. To call on people to spread people's good deeds. B. To introduce the content of their op-gop column. C. To show people love to catch gossip news. D. To prove it's easy to catch the gossip news. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者和小组成员要为校报写一个专栏，一开始成员收集的 尽是他人不好的八卦，作者反对这一做法，后来他们把这改为友好专栏，记录下了学生之间 的好事，传播了人们的善举。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We take along our notebooks and pay extra-close attention to everything happening around us.(我们带着笔记本，格外关注我们周围发生的一切)”以及第二 段“Austin read from his notebook: “James either has a cold or really bad allergies because he's been sneezing nonstop.” Jessia said, “Jackson is either going through a major growth spurt or getting ready to run a marathon because he's been eating two entire sandwiches for lunch.’(奥斯汀 从他的笔记本上读到：“詹姆斯不是感冒了就是有非常严重的过敏，因为他一直不停地打喷 嚏。”Jessia 说，“杰克逊要么是正在突然长身体，要么就是正准备跑马拉松，因为他午餐 吃了整整两个三明治。”）可知，项目宣布当天，作者的团队成员为他们的主题收集了信息。 故选 D。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This gossip-column was making me very uncomfortable.(这个八 卦专栏让我很不舒服)”以及“Don't you think kids will feel embarrassed to have that stuff shared with the school?(你不认为孩子们和学校分享这些东西会感到尴尬吗？)”可推知，作 者对八卦专栏持反对态度。故选 C。 【6 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Jackson is either going through a major growth”以及后文“or getting ready to run a marathon because he's been eating two entire sandwiches for lunch”可知， Jessia 提到 Jackson 在午餐时吃了整整两个三明治，说明她想表达的是 Jackson 要么是正在突 然长身体，要么就是在准备马拉松比赛才吃那么多的。即画线词意思为“突然增长”。故选 B。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“But this time, we wrote down the good stuff we witnessed. Here are a few snippets from the column we ended up publishing.(但这一次，我们写下了我们看 到的好事情。以下是我们最终发表的专栏中的一些片段)”；倒数第三段“Katie Myers was spotted picking up other people's litter and throwing it into the garbage can without even being asked.(有人看到 Katie Myers 自觉把别人的垃圾捡起来扔进了垃圾桶)”；倒数第二段 “Danny Gonzales was seen helping a second-grader get a kickball unstuck from a high-up, hard-to-reach place.(有人看到 Danny Gonzales 帮助一名二年级学生从一个高的、难以够到的 地方取出一个球)”以及最后一段“And Soe Zaleski was overheard very patiently explaining a maths problem to a very grateful somebody.(有人听到 Soe Zaleski 非常耐心地向一个非常感激 的人解释一道数学题)”结合文章主要记叙了作者和小组成员要为校报写一个专栏，一开始 成员收集的尽是他人不好的八卦，作者反对这一做法，后来他们把这改为友好专栏，记录下 了学生之间的好事，传播了人们的善举。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召人们传播人 们的善行。故选 A。 C Remember switching the radio channels, hoping a tune you liked would pop out? You never had to listen too long to know you’d landed on a hit. Maria Chait, an auditory cognitive neuroscientist （听觉认知神经学家）at London University, and her team recently studied how quick that reaction is. They started by asking 10 volunteers to name a feel-good, familiar song. Then the researchers selected a second tune that sounded similar but was unfamiliar to the volunteers. They divided both songs into tiny bits — each less than a second long and then randomly inserted them into a six — and — a — half — minute — long track of song pieces. As the pieces played, the scientists measured the volunteers' brain activity and monitored changes in pupil, too — a sign of excitement. And the researchers found that the listeners‘ pupils widened more rapidly when they heard familiar versus （与......对比）unfamiliar tunes — within just a tenth to a third of a second! Familiar tunes also caused a two-step pattern of brain activity where the brain first recognizes something as familiar and then brings back more detailed information about it. That pattern was absent for unfamiliar songs. The study does have limitations：it used a small number of songs; it was hard to mask the purpose of the study from the participants; and the control group ended up being primarily international students from Asia —since they had to be unfamiliar with every single song — so their native languages and music backgrounds differed from the experimental group from a European background. Still, for doctors who want to use music as a helpful tool for patients with memory loss, for example, that might be useful in the situation, for participants are not required to indicate anything. They just listen passively. Doctors simply have to observe the neural（神经的） fingerprints of hearing that same old song. 8. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. They asked volunteers to sing along. B. They separated songs for comparison. C. They observed the listeners’ expressions. D. They took two steps to draw the conclusion. 9. What does the author think of the study? A. It proves to be persuasive. B. It is based on practical theory. C. It needs further research. D. It should use Asian language. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The research is helpful in some medical way. B. Doctors are delighted with the research result. C. It's easy to cure patients with memory loss. D. Patients need treating with music like songs. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. How Gan We Use Familiar Songs B. Music Is Good for Our Brains C. Familiar Tunes Awake Brains Quickly D. Doctors Practice Musical Treatment 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明熟悉的曲调能迅速唤醒大脑。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中的“They started by asking 10 volunteers to name a feel-good, familiar song.”（他们首先让 10 名志愿者说出一首感觉良好、熟悉的歌曲。）和第二段中的“Then the researchers selected a second tune that sounded similar but was unfamiliar to the volunteers.”（然 后，研究人员选择了第二个听起来相似但志愿者不熟悉的曲调。），可知研究人员用两首不同 的歌对志愿者进行前后研究，说明研究人员把歌曲分开比较。故选 B 项。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段“The study does have limitations：it used a small number of songs; it was hard to mask the purpose of the study from the participants; and the control group ended up being primarily international students from Asia — since they had to be unfamiliar with every single song — so their native languages and music backgrounds differed from the experimental group from a European background.”（这项研究确实有局限性：它使用了少量的歌曲；很难对参与 者隐瞒研究的目的；而对照组最终主要是来自亚洲的留学生——因为他们必须对每一首歌都 不熟悉——因此他们的母语和音乐背景与来自欧洲背景的实验组有所不同。），可知作者认为 此项研究具有局限性，实验歌曲和参与者少，可得出作者认为这需要进一步的研究。故选 C 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Still, for doctors who want to use music as a helpful tool for patients with memory loss, for example, that might be useful in the situation, for participants are not required to indicate anything.”（不过，对于那些想把音乐作为记忆丧失患者的有用工具 的医生来说，这在这种情况下可能是有用的，因为参与者不需要指出任何东西。），可知对医 生来说，音乐是记忆丧失患者的有用工具，此项研究是有用的，可得出这项研究在医学上有 帮助。故选 A 项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段讲“伦敦大学的听觉认知神经科学家 MariaChait 和她的团队最近研究人 们对熟悉的曲调的反应速度有多快”，第二段讲“研究的过程和结果（发现人们对熟悉的曲 调更兴奋，熟悉的曲调能带回更详细的信息，不熟悉的歌曲没有这种模式）”，第三段讲“此 项研究的局限性”，第四段讲“这项研究在医学上有所帮助”，可知本文主要讲一项针对 “人们对熟悉的曲调的反应速度有多快”的科学研究，C 项“熟悉的曲调能迅速唤醒大脑” 为短文最佳标题。故选 C 项。 D Ramen noodles have been a go-to food for students for decades. After all, they only take eight minutes to cook in a dorm hotpot and are easy on the budget. Holly Grounds, a recent project design graduate who used to eat a lot of ramen noodles when she studied, started thinking that the packaging of a product shouldn't take decades or more to break down. That's why she decided to make eatable wrappers （包装材料） for noodles, avoiding the need for plastic. Grounds wanted to produce a product that the user could watch actually melt in the pot. “While other bio-based alternatives to plastic claim to be able to break down, in a consumer’s eyes, it's not always that simple,”she said. “Many of the bio-based films only break down at 50 degrees Celsius, so they often end up in the wrong place without the consumer really knowing that they caused damage to the planet.” Now, instead of plastic packs of seasonings, the dried spices and flavorings （调味品）are part of a flavorless bioplastic film that wraps the noodles and keeps them fresh. The film melts in less than a minute when it comes into boiling water, and the liquid becomes the sauce （调味汁） for the noodles. “The sauce is heated until the mixture is thick enough. At this point, I add the spices and flavorings before pouring it into a mold （模子）to set for 24 hours,” Grounds said. These noodle parcels are then packaged in a wax-coated paper. With plastics taking hundreds of years to break down, eatable packaging and single-use articles are seen as the way to go. Grounds sees opportunities to use her eatable packaging for other ready meals and she wants to contribute to the global fight against single-use plastics. 12. Why does Grounds want to replace plastic wrappers with eatable ones? A. The plastic ones are not eco-friendly. B. The plastic ones do harm to our health. C. The eatable ones appeal to more consumers. D. The eatable ones save more cooking time. 13. What makes the bio-based films fail to break down in practice? A. The immature technology. B. The high cost of process. C. Their very special material composition. D. Their specific conditions of breaking down. 14. What do we know about the eatable wrapper according to Paragraph 3? A. It ensures longer preservation time. B. It requires a special cooking method. C. It ends up as the sauce for food. D. It improves the nutrition of noodles. 15. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about the the eatable noodle wrappers. A. the method of using B. the process of making C. the packaging design for D. the storage requirements for 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了英国一名大学生制作出可食用的包装袋，这种食品 袋集包装、防腐、调味为一体，热水冲泡后几分钟内化为汤料，方便又环保。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Holly Grounds, a recent project design graduate who used to eat a lot of ramen noodles when she studied, started thinking that the packaging of a product shouldn't take decades or more to break down. ”（最近毕业于项目设计专业的 Holly Grounds，在学习的时候吃了很多拉面，她开始认为，产品的包装不应该用几十年甚至更久 的时间来分解。）可知，Holly 想要用可食用包装来替代塑料包装是由于塑料制品不环保。故 选 A 项。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“‘Many of the bio-based films only break down at 50 degrees Celsius, so they often end up in the wrong place without the consumer really knowing that they caused damage to the planet.’”（“‘许多生物薄膜只有在 50 摄氏度的温度下才会分解，所以它 们经常被放置在错误的地方，消费者并没有真正意识到它们对地球造成了破坏。’”）Holly 的话可知，现实中生物薄膜难以分解是因为分解需要特定的要求。故选 D 项。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The film melts in less than a minute when it comes into boiling water, and the liquid becomes the sauce for the noodles.”（当薄膜进入沸水中不到一分钟就会融 化，而液体就变成了面条的酱汁。）可知，食用包装最后成为了食物的酱汁。故选 C 项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“‘The sauce is heated until the mixture is thick enough. At this point, I add the spices and flavorings before pouring it into a mold to set for 24 hours,’Grounds said. These noodle parcels are then packaged in a wax-coated paper.”（“‘把酱汁加热到足够粘稠 为止。现在，我先加入香料和调味料，然后再把它们倒进模具，让其凝固 24 小时。’Grounds 说。这些面条包裹会用蜡纸包装起来。”）可知，文章第四段说明了食用薄膜的制作过程。 故选 B 项。 第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 What is it ? Genetics (遗传学)is the science of what makes you who you are. People who study genetics, called geneticists, learn about how parents pass on information through their "genes" (bits of information in your body that you cannot see) to their children. ___16___ No! Your eye colour, how tall you are and the size of your nose all come from the special information in your genes that makes you different from everyone else. How does it work ? ___17___ So genetics explains why you might look similar to your mother or brother and why you like some of the same things or speak in a similar way. Genes come in pairs ——you get half from your mother and half from your father. We know that some genes are stronger than others. For example, the gene for brown eyes is stronger than the gene for blue eyes. So does it mean that if your parents both have brown eyes that you do too? ___18___ Because genes come in pairs, it's possible that someone with brown eyes has the gene for both brown eyes (B) and blue eyes (b). Look at the picture below that shows how the genes from Mum and Dad might be passed on to their children. _____19_____ It's fun to think about which family members you are similar to and which genes you have, but studying genetics is also very important for our health. Some diseases are in our genes. ___20___ It also helps doctors and scientists know which medicine might help that disease. A. Not always. B. Why is genetics important? C. We get our genes from our parents. D. Is there anyone in the world like you? E. Learning about genes can help us prevent diseases. F. Why do many people in the world look exactly the same? G. Therefore studying genetics can help us know if we might become ill in future. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. G 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了遗传学在生物体内是如何作用的，也说明了遗传学研究的重要性。 【16 题详解】 根据下文“ No! Your eye colour, how tall you are and the size of your nose all come from the special information in your genes that makes you different from everyone else.（不！你眼睛的颜 色，你的身高和鼻子的大小都来自于你基因中的特殊信息，这些信息使你与众不同）”可知， 空处应该是一般疑问句。D 选项“Is there anyone in the world like you?（世界上有像你一样的 人吗）”提出疑问，与下句中“No!”及“makes you different from everyone else”相呼应。故 选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 根据上一个问句“How does it work?”并结合空处下一句“So genetics explains why you might look similar to your mother or brother and why you like some of the same things or speak in a similar way. （所以遗传学解释了为什么你可能看起来像你的母亲或兄弟，为什么你们喜欢 同样的东西或以相似的方式说话）”推测，空处应该表示基因的作用方式。C 选项“We get our genes from our parents.”表示我们从父母处得到基因，与下一句中“look similar to your mother or brother”相呼应。故选 C 项。 【18 题详解】 空处前一句是一般疑问句，“ So does it mean that if your parents both have brown eyes that you do too? ”询问是否父母的基因所表现出的特点一定会遗传给下一代；结合空处下一句 “Because genes come in pairs, it's possible that someone with brown eyes has the gene for both brown eyes (B) and blue eyes (b). （因为基因是成对的，所以有可能棕色眼睛的人同时拥有棕 色眼睛(B)和蓝色眼睛(b)的基因）”推测，空处回答应该是不一定。A 选项“Not always.”符合 此处语境。故选 A 项。 【19 题详解】 观察文章可知，空处前两段为“提问及回答”的方式进行说明，因此，空处也应该是疑问句。 结合下一段的第一句中“but studying genetics is also very important for our health” （但是研究遗传学对我们的健康也很重要）可知，B 选项“Why is genetics important?” 询问遗传学重要的原因，与下文逻辑相符。故选 B 项。 【20 题详解】 空前一句“Some diseases are in our genes.（有一些疾病在我们的基因中）”说明了疾病和基因 的关系；空后一句“ It also helps doctors and scientists know which medicine might help that disease.”说明遗传学研究对于医生和科学家获取治疗药物的重要性。G 选项“Therefore studying genetics can help us know if we might become ill in future.（因此，研究遗传学可以帮 助我们知道我们将来是否会生病）”说明遗传学研究对于预测自身健康的帮助，符合此处逻 辑，且后一句中 It 指代该句中的 studying genetics。故选 G 项。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处 的最佳选项。 After 20 years of living and reading together, we have gathered what some might call a large library. One problem：We don't ___21___ have a library to put the books in. It was time to take ____22____. I started in the office, where the literary remains of five university degrees ___23___ dust. Why did we ___24___ have textbooks from 25 years ago? I worked my way through the shelves ___25___ and slipped them into the donation box. Next came Second-Hand Dog, ___26___ when we adopted our first shelter dog nineteen years ago. I couldn’t ___27___ flipping （快速翻动） through the pages, remembering the ___28___ learned and later ___29___ to all the dogs followed. And so it went on and on. Trying to choose what 1 could stand to ____30____ with, I realized the full shelves held much ____31____ a collection of books. They told a story. Our story. Flipping through these _____32_____ pages, a historian could conclude a pretty accurate ____33____ of our life over the past twenty years. The stained pages of our recipe books ____34____ our favourite meals. That guide to childhood illnesses got us across many sleepless nights. How could I give them away? At the end of the day, I drove to the ____35____ center with just a few boxes. Our ____36____are still fully filled. They're not growing as quickly as they used to, since we've joined the ____37____ crowd. I imagine how easy it will be to ____38____ the electronic bookshelves of the future. Scan through _____39_____ of text. Delete, delete, in the blink （眨眼）of an eye. This might sound efficient （高效的）to some, but it makes me feel _____40_____ . 21. A. always B. hardly C. normally D. actually 22. A. pride B. action C. charge D. place 23. A. collected B. accepted C. covered D. abandoned 24. A. no longer B. either C. still D. at once 25. A. hesitantly B. pitilessly C. cautiously D. slowly 26. A. fetched B. borrowed C. written D. purchased 27. A. allow B. imagine C. resist D. insist 28. A. texts B. lessons C. articles D. lines 29. A. applied B. seen C. taught D. fed 30. A. part B. travel C. start D. fight 31. A. instead of B. apart from C. more than D. the same as 32. A. broken B. accumulated C. contributed D. valued 33. A. number B. evolution C. range D. picture 34. A. enjoyed B. shared C. described D. reflected 35. A. donation B. medicine C. fashion D. library 36. A. cupboards B. desks C. shelves D. dustbins 37. A. digital B. present C. trendy D. common 38. A. make up B. put up with C. clean out D. get addicted to 39. A. interpretations B. series C. piles D. lists 40. A. useless B. sad C. proud D. worthwhile 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者年老时，准备捐书过程中的翻看书籍，这让他思考到了 自己的过往和书本身的价值。 【21 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一个问题：我们实际上没有图书馆来放书。A. always 总是；B. hardly 几乎不；C. normally 正常地；D. actually 实际上。由常识可知，人们（包括作者）实 际上并没有一个图书馆来放书，这为下文作者捐书做铺垫。故选 D 项。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候采取行动了。A. pride 骄傲；B. action 行动；C. charge 收 费；D. place 地方。由下文语境可知，作者翻看书架，把一些书塞进了捐献箱，开车去捐赠 中心，说明作者采取行动去图书馆“放书”（捐书）。故选 B 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从办公室开始，那里五所大学学位的文学遗存积灰了。A. collected 聚集；B. accepted 接受；C. covered 覆盖；D. abandoned 抛弃。由上文的“the literary remains of five university degrees”可知，五所大学学位的文学遗存应该是毕业时的东西了， 现在 20 多年过去了，文学遗存肯定积满了灰。故选 A 项。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们还有 25 年前的教科书？A. no longer 不再；B. either 或；C. still 还、仍然；D. at once 立刻。作者在反问为什么还有 25 年前的教科书。由下文的 “slipped them into the donation box”可知，作者还有 25 年前的教科书，不想要了，所以把 书进了捐赠箱。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我毫不留情地把架子翻了个遍，把它们塞进了捐赠箱。A. hesitantly 犹豫地；B. pitilessly 无情地；C. cautiously 谨慎地；D. slowly 慢地。由下文的“slipped them into the donation box”可知，作者把书进了捐赠箱，说明作者不想要 25 年前的教科书了，所 以毫不留情地把架子翻了个遍。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下一个是《二手狗》，是 19 年前我们收养第一只收容犬时买的。 A. fetched 抓住；B. borrowed 借来；C. written 写；D. purchased 购买。由本处的“when we adopted our first shelter dog nineteen years ago”可知，作者 19 年前收养了一只狗，所以买了 一本《二手狗》来学习养狗。故选 D 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住翻了几页，回忆起学到的经验，后来又应用到了后面所 有的狗身上。A. allow 允许；B. imagine 想象；C. resist 抵抗；D. insist 坚持。由下文的 “remembering the ___8___ learned and later ___9___ to all the dogs followed”可知，作者回忆 起自己从《二手狗》学到的经验及应用，说明作者忍不住翻了几页，才想起以前的事。故选 C 项。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住翻了几页，回忆起学到的经验，后来又应用到了后面所 有的狗身上。A. texts 文本；B. lessons 经验；C. articles 文章；D. lines 线。由上文语境可知， 作者 19 年前收养了一只狗，所以买了一本《二手狗》来学习养二手狗的经验。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住翻了几页，回忆起学到的经验，后来又应用到了后面所 有的狗身上。A. applied 申请；B. seen 看见；C. taught 教；D. fed 喂养。由上文语境可知， 作者 19 年前收养了一只狗，所以买了一本《二手狗》来学习养二手狗的经验，并把这些经 验运用到了后面所有的狗身上。故选 A 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着选择我能忍受“分离”的东西，我意识到满满的书架上装 的可不仅仅是一本书。A. part 离开、分离；B. travel 旅游；C. start 开始；D. fight 战斗。由 上文语境可知，作者在书架上挑选书籍捐赠出去，即有些书要与自己分离，因此此处指作者 选择去忍受要“分离”的东西。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我试着选择我能忍受“分离”的东西，我意识到满满的书架上装 的可不仅仅是一本书。A. instead of 代替；B. apart from 除了；C. more than 不仅仅；D. the same as 与……一样。由下文的“They told a story. Our story.”可知，书籍在讲故事，说明书架上 装的可不仅仅是一本书。故选 C 项。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：翻阅这些积累下来的书页，历史学家可以对我们过去二十年的 生活作出相当准确的描述。A. broken 破损的；B. accumulated 累积的；C. contributed 贡献的； D. valued 重要的。由上文语境可知，这些书是作者 20 多年前积累下来的。故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：翻阅这些积累下来的书页，历史学家可以对我们过去二十年的生 活作出相当准确的描述。A. number 数字；B. evolution 进化；C. range 范围；D. picture 图画、 绘画。由上文的“They told a story. Our story.”以及下文“our life over the past twenty years.”可知，历史学家可以绘出作者过去二十年的生活图画。故选 D 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们食谱书上的污渍纸反映了我们最喜欢的饭菜。A. enjoyed 喜 欢；B. shared 分享；C. described 描述；D. reflected 反映。由上文的“They told a story. Our story.”可知，书籍在讲作者的故事，所以食谱书上的污渍纸反映了作者最喜欢的饭菜。故 选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天下来，我只带着几个箱子开车去了捐赠中心。A. donation 捐赠；B. medicine 药；C. fashion 时尚；D. library 图书馆。由上文的“slipped them into the donation box”可知，作者把不要的书放进了捐赠箱，可得出作者是去捐赠中心的。故选 A 项。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的书架上还是满的。A. cupboards 橱柜；B. desks 书桌；C. shelves 书架；D. dustbins 垃圾箱。由上文的“I realized the full shelves ”以及作者只带着几 个箱子开车去了捐赠中心。可知，作者的书架还是满的。故选 C 项。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于我们加入了数字时代的人群，它们的增长速度不像以前那 么快了。A. digital 数据的；B. present 目前的；C. trendy 时髦的；D. common 普通的。由下 文的“the electronic bookshelves”可知，我们加入了数字时代的人群。故选 A 项。 【38 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想象未来清理电子书架是多么容易。A. make up 组成；B. put up with 忍受；C. clean out 清理；D. get addicted to 上瘾。由下文的“Scan through ____19____ of text. Delete, delete, in the blink （眨眼）of an eye.”可知，未来清理电子书架很容易，只要 浏览一下删除即可。故选 C 项。 【39 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：浏览文本列表。A. interpretations 解释；B. series 系列；C. piles 堆；D. lists 列表。由上文语境可知，人们加入了数字时代，用电子书架，清理电子书架时， 需要浏览一下文本列表，再决定删除哪些电子书。故选 D 项。 【40 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对某些人来说，这听起来很有效率，但这让我很难过。A. useless 无用的；B. sad 悲伤的；C. proud 骄傲的；D. worthwhile 有价值的。由上文语境可知，作者 认为书承载了自己的过往与故事，对于快速清理书籍，作者觉得难过。故选 B 项。 第二节（共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chnise President Xi Jinping has expressed high expectations for art teachers and students to inherit （继承）and develop traditional Chinese opera. Xi made the remark in a letter ____41____（ date） Oct 23 to teachers and students from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts. Learning about the achievements made ___42___ the academy, Xi said he was very pleased and extended his sincere greetings to all teachers, students and staff ___43___（member）. Stressing that traditional Chinese opera ____44____（ be） the treasure of Chinese culture, Xi encouraged the teachers and students ____45____ （explore） the true meaning of art through teaching and studying and constantly pursue（追求）art through serving the people. He also called on them to make ____46____（ great） contributions to passing on the fine traditional Chinese culture and building China into a country with a strong socialist culture. ____47____ （see） the reply from Xi, Chen Zhu, 18, studying Peking Opera at the academy's affiliated （附属的）middle school, said she was proud to be a young representative among the four generations of teachers and students ____48____ wrote to Xi. She will keep Xi's ____49____（instruct）in mind, do ___50___best to carry on traditional Chinese culture and make more people know about Peking Opera, Chen said. 【答案】41. dated 42. by 43. members 44. is 45. to explore 46. greater 47. Seeing 48. who/that 49. instruction 50. her 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国国家主席习近平表达了对艺术教师和学生继承和发展中 国传统戏剧的高度期望，习近平主席在 10 月 23 日写给中国国家戏剧艺术研究院师生的信中 作出指示要弘扬和发展中国戏曲文化。 【41 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：习近平是在 10 月 23 日写给中国国家戏剧艺术研究院师生的信中作 出上述表示的。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 made，且空处没有连词，所以空处 需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词 letter ，空处动词 date“署上日期”，为及物动词，与名 词 letter 之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词 dated 作后置定语。故填 dated。 【42 题详解】 考查介词。句意：得知戏剧院取得的成绩，习近平表示非常高兴，并向全体师生和教职工致 以诚挚的问候。由空后 the academy 可知，表示动作的执行者，需用介词 by，表示“由……”。 故填 by。 【43 题详解】 考查名词的数。句意同上。由空前 all 可知，空处可数名词 member 需用其复数形式 members。 故填 members。 【44 题详解】 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：习近平强调中国戏曲是中华文化的瑰宝，鼓励广大师生通过教 书育人，探索艺术的真谛，在为人民服务中不断追求艺术。根据句意可知，本句陈述一个事 实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是 traditional Chinese opera，单数，所以空处 be 动词 需用 is。故填 is。 【45 题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意同上。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事，固定搭配，所以空处 需用动词不定式作宾补。故填 to explore。 【46 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：他还呼吁他们为传承中华优秀传统文化、建设社会主义文化强国 作出更大贡献。此处表示作出更大的贡献，和过去作比较，所以空处形容词 great 需用其比 较级形式 greater。故填 greater。 【47 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：18 岁的陈竺在学院附属中学学习京剧，看到了习的回复，她说自 己很自豪能成为写信给习的四代老师和学生中的年轻代表。本句已有谓语动词 said ，且空 处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空处动词 see 与 Chen Zhu 之间是主动关系， 所以空处需用现在分词 seeing 作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填 Seeing。 【48 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是 teachers and students ，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词 who/that 引导定语从句。故填 who/that。 【49 题详解】 考查名词。句意：陈说，她将牢记习近平的指示，尽力传承中国传统文化，让更多的人了解 京剧。名词所有格 Xi's 后需接名词，instruct 的名词为 instruction，此处表示特指，名词需用 单数。故填 instruction。 【50 题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。do one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事，固定搭配，主语是 She， 所以空处需用形容词性物主代词 her。故填 her。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节短文改错（共 1。小题;每小题 1 分，满分 1。分） 51. 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处 c 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧ ）,并在其下面写出该加的同。 删除:把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改:在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一 词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 An insect once bit my right hand. I run to my mom for help. But instead taking me to a doctor, my mom covered my hands with some cotton dipping in wine. Then she put a chopstick into my mouth and lit the cotton. Heat quickly began to roast my hand through the cotton. The sharply pain made me want to scream, and the chopstick prevented it. All we could do was to watch the fire unless my mom put it out. Ten years has been passed and my hand is fine. It's cool how the folk cure works, doesn't it? 【答案】1. run→ran 2. 在 instead 后加 of 3. hands→hand 4. dipping→dipped 5. sharply→sharp 6. and→but/yet 7. we→I 8. unless→until/till 9. 去掉 been 10. doesn't→isn't 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者多年前被虫子咬了，妈妈用民间疗法治好了作者。 【详解】1. 考查时态。句意：我跑去找妈妈帮忙。由时间状语 once 可知，事情已发生，用 一般过去时。故将 run 改为 ran。 2. 考查固定搭配。句意：但是我妈妈没有带我去看医生，而是用棉花蘸了酒遮住我的手。 固定搭配 instead of doing sth.（代替做某事）。故在 instead 后加 of。 3. 考查名词的数。句意：但是我妈妈没有带我去看医生，而是用棉花蘸了酒遮住我的手。 由上文的“An insect once bit my right hand.”可知，一只昆虫咬了作者的右手，是一只手， 用名词单数形式。故将 hands 改为 hand。 4. 考查过去分词。句意：但是我妈妈没有带我去看医生，而是用棉花蘸了酒遮住我的手。 此处是“with +名词+非谓语形式”的 with 复合结构，名词 some cotton 和动词 dip 是逻辑上 的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作宾补。故将 dipping 改为 dipped。 5. 考查形容词。句意：剧痛使我想尖叫，但筷子阻止了我。此处用形容词 sharp（剧痛的） 作定语修饰名词 pain。故将 sharply 改为 sharp。 6. 考查连词。句意：剧痛使我想尖叫，但筷子阻止了我。由句意可知，前后句表转折，用 连词 but/yet。故将 and 改为 but/yet。 7. 考查代词。句意：我能做的就是看着火直到我妈妈把它扑灭。由语境可知，此处指作者 自己，即“I”。故将 we 改为 I。 8. 考查连词。句意：我能做的就是看着火直到我妈妈把它扑灭。由句意可知，本句是由 until/till（直到……）引导的时间状语从句。故将 unless 改为 until/till。 9. 考查语态。句意：十年过去了，我的手很好。主语 Ten years 和谓语 pass 是主动关系，用 主动语态，去掉 been。故去掉 been。 10. 考查反意疑问句。句意：这种民间疗法很管用，不是吗？反意疑问句的回答：前肯后否， 前否后肯，反意疑问句的主谓部分是 It's，回答用 isn't。故将 doesn't 改为 isn't。 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 52. 假定你是李华，外教 Mr. Smith 想参加你校运动会，请给他写封邮件介绍运动会相关情 况。要点如下： 1.时间、地点、项目； 2.注意事项。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Smith, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Mr. Smith, I am Li Hua. Hearing that you are interested in our school sports meeting, I am writing to sincerely invite you to take part in the meeting which will be held on the playground this Saturday and Sunday. There are various sports at the sports meeting, including some track and field events and some ball games. Both students and teachers can register for it. You can cheer for the athletes as well as taking photos. Please wear your sports suits and shoes and take care of yourself. I'm sure you will enjoy yourself at the meeting. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教 Mr. Smith 写封邮件，介绍运动会相关情况。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 介绍时间、地点、项目； 2. 告知注意事项。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） be interested in; invite you to take part in the meeting; various sports; track and field events; cheer for; as well as; sports suits; take care of 第三步：连词成句 1. Hearing that you are interested in our school sports meeting, I am writing to sincerely invite you to take part in the meeting which will be held on the playground this Saturday and Sunday. 2. There are various sports at the sports meeting, including some track and field events and some ball games. 3. You can cheer for the athletes as well as taking photos. 4. Please wear your sports suits and shoes and take care of yourself. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 表并列补充关系：as well as, Both...and..., including 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 【点睛】[高分句型 1]Hearing that you are interested in our school sports meeting, I am writing to sincerely invite you to take part in the meeting which will be held on the playground this Saturday and Sunday.（现在分词作状语和 which 引导的限制性定语从句） [高分句型 2]There are various sports at the sports meeting, including some track and field events and some ball games. （there be 句型和现在分词作状语）